Myanmar Historical Dateline 1886-1942

7/30/2019 Myanmar Historical Dateline 1886-1942

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ukdvkdeDacwfjrefrm&ufpGJorkdif;

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ausmfNidrf;TGefMum;a&;rSL;

orkdif;okawoeOD;pD;Xme

1886 - 1942


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Zefe0g&Dv1 Zefe0g&D 1886tdEd,bk&ifcHcsKyf avmh'fz&if(Lord Dufferin)

u txufjrefrmEkdifiHukd jAdwdoQtifyg,m twGif; oGwfoGif;aMumif; aMunmonf/trdefYawmfjyefwrf;trSwf(2) 9?Zefe

0g&D? 1886

jrefrmvTwfawmfu jrefrmbk&ifonf rnfonfhtcgurQ wkwf{u&mZfokdY uefawmh vufaqmifrqufocJhaMumif;? jrefrmEkdifiHonfwkwfMoZmcH r[kwfaMumif;

jyefwrf;wpfapmif xkwfjyefonf/Political letters from India, 1886Vol. 46 PP 424-5

6 Zefe0g&D 1886 txufjrefrm

jynfodrf;wyf OD;pD;csKyf y&if;'g*wfpf (Major General Sir HarryPrendergast)Aef;armfjrdKUrS rEav;jrdKUokdY jyefvnfxGufcGmonf/Further Correspondence Rela-

ting to Burmah C4887,Landon

1886:hereafter cited asF.C.R.B


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Zefe0g&D? 1886 yk*HpD&ifpk ta&SUykdif;&dS q,f&GmrS AkdvfcsKd OD;aqmifonfh jAdwdoQe,fcsJU qefYusifa&;

ay:aygufonf/J.George ScottGazetter of Upper

Burma and Shan State PI .Vol I,

Yangon Govt printing. 1900,P

133: hereafter cited as GUBSSPI

VI

tif;0 pD&ifpkwGif acsmif;cGrif;om;rsm;jzpfonfh xdyfwifapm&efykdif (1866-1946)ESifh xdyfwifapm&efEkdifwkdY OD;aqmifonfh jAdwdoQe,fcsJUqefYusifa&; ay:ayguf

onf/GUBSSPI VI P 126

jrifpkdif;rif;om;\ wyfrsm;uykvdyfjrdKU&dS jAdwdoQ t&m&dSrsm;ukd

wkdufckdufonf/GUBSSPI VI P 122

azaz:0g&D12 azaz:0g&D 1886 tdEd,bk&ifcHcsKyf avmh'f'yfz&if rEav;

jrdKUokdY a&muf&dSonf/Speeches Delivered in India1884-5 by the Marquis of dufferin

and Ava ,Landon, 1899,P 94

15 azaz:0g&D 1886 rif;bl;pD&ifpk? v,fukdif;jrdKUukd AkdvfOwr\ wyfzGJUu 0ifa&muf wkdufckdufonf/GUBSSPI VI P 135

17 azaz:0g&D 1886 AkdvfOwrOD;aqmifonfh jAdwdoQe,fcsJUqefYusifa&;tiftm;pkrsm;u pukjrdKUukd wkdufckdufodrf;ykdufonf/1/ GUBSSPI VI P 1352/ Sir Charles Crosthwaite ThePacification of Burma ,londonEdward Arnold 1912, P 107: her-

eafter cited as Crosthwaite The

Pacification of Burma

21 azaz:0g&D 1886 Ak'bmom

uvsmP,k0toif; (0kdiftrfbDat) pwif xlaxmifcJhol wpfOD;jzpfonfh trfatOD;armifMuD;ukd


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ausmfNidrf;

4

a&TusifjrdKUwGif OD;MumnGefY? a':MunfMunf rdbESpfyg;rS arG;zGm;onf/

1/ Who's Who in Burma,Calcu-tta Fine Art Cottage, 1927, P 85:

hereafter cited as Who's Who in

Burma 19272/ Who's Who in Burma,Yan-gon, People's Literature Com-

mittee and house, 1961, PP 34-

35:hereafter cited as Who's Who

in Burma 1961

ykodrfpD&ifpkwGif ref;aygacgif;aqmifaom jAdwdoQe,fcsJUqefY

usifa&;wyfzGJUrsm;ESifh jAdwdoQwyfzGJU &ifqkdifwkdufyGJjzpfyGm;&m ykodrfta&;ykdif pdefYbmab (St.Barbe)usqkH;onf/Political and Secret Home Corr-espondence, 1886, Vol.84

23 azaz:0g&D 1886 avmh'yfz&if rEav;NrdKUrS jyefvnfxGufcGmonf/Burgess J. Chronology of In-dian History, New Delhi, Cosmo

Publication, 1987,P 414: here-

after cited as Chronology of In-

dian History

26 azaz:0g&D 1886 txufjrefrmEdkifiHonf tdEd,EdkifiH\jynfe,fwpfck jzpfvmonf/

Crosthwaite The Pacification ofBurma, P 8

azaz:0g&D? 1886 awmifwGif;BuD;e,fwGif Akdvfrif;a&mif OD;aqmifonfh NAdwdoQe,fcsJUqefYusifa&;ay:aygufonf/GUBSSPI VI P 137

rwfv3 rwf 1886 r[m0ef&Sifawmf

rif;BuD; qmcsm;vf(pf) bm;ewf(Sir Charles Benard)u tdEd,bk&ifcHcsKyf avmh'fz&if\ trdefYt& txufjrefrmEdkifiHudk NAdwdoQtifyg,m twGif; oGwfoGif;NyD;

t*Fvdyft&m&Sdrsm; tkyfcsKyfrnf[kaMunmonf/trdefYawmfjyefwrf; trSwf(10) 6?rwf?

1886

7 rwf 1886 oDaygrif;ESifh pkzk&m;vwfwkdYrS wwd,orD;awmf xdyfpkjrwfzk&m;arG;zGm;onf/


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W.S Desai Deposed King Thibawof Burma in India,1885-

1916,Bombay, P.H.Raman at

Associated Advertisers & Prin-

ters 1967,P 96:hereafter cited asDesai, Deposed King Thibaw

10 rwf 1886 awmifila'otwGif; NAdwdoQe,fcsJUwdkYudk qefYusifawmfvSefcJhonfh r&rf;acsmif;bkef;BuD;udk NAdwdoQwkdY zrf;rdonf/eDeDjrifh jrefrmhvGwfvyfa&;BudK;yef;rIorkdif; tykdif;(1) 1885-1895?&efukef/ wuokdvfrsm;ykHESdyfwkduf/ 1986 / pm-144/ aemifukd;um;vQifeDeDjrifh jrefrmhvGwfvyfa&; MudK;yef;rI

orkdif; [kTef;rnf

31 rwf 1886 NAdwdoQtmPmykdifwdkYu jrefrmhbk&ifhvTwfawmfudk

zsufodrf;onf/Upper Burma Home Proceedings29 March 1886, P 27:hereafter

cited as UBHP

AdkvfcsKyf y&if'g*wf(pf) tm;

txuf jrefrmjynfodrf;wyf ppfOD;pD;csKyf &mxl;udk pGefYvTwfaponf/

Colonel H.M VibartThe Life ofGeneral Sir Harry N.D Pren-

dergast, London, Eveleigh Nosh,

1914,P 84

{NyDv1 {NyD 1886 qma*smh0Iduf(Sir

George White)u AdkvfcsKyf y&if'g;*wf(pf)xHrS txufjrefrmjynf

odrf; ppfOD;pD;csKyf &mxl;udk vTJajymif;&,lonf/GUBSSPI VI P 141

r[m0ef&Sifawmf rif;BuD; qm

csm;vf(pf)bm;e'fu uif;0efrif;BuD; OD;aumif; trSL;&SdonfhtwdkifyifcHtzGJUudk cefYtyfonf/UBHP ,24 May 1886, PP 5-6

{NyD? 1886 rif;wyfolBuD; Adkvf

qGJu rif;bl;ESifh rif;vStaemufbuf&Sd e,frsm;udk wkdufcdkuf odrf;ydkufonf/GUBSS PI VI P 135

ZGefv9 ZGef 1886 yef;wdrf;&Sd AdkvfqGJ\wyfpcef;udkz,f,m(Mr. Phayre)


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OD;pD;onfh NAdwdoQwyfzGJUu wkdufcdkuf&m z,f,musqkH;NyD; NAdwdoQwyfzGJU qkwfcGm&onf/

1/ GUBSS PI VI PP 135-62/ FCRB C4887 P 733/ Crosthwaite The Pacificationof Burma, P 28

12 ZGef 1886 pvif;teD;&Sd AdkvfOwrOD;aqmifonfhNAdwdoQe,fcsJUqefYusifa&; tiftm;pkrsm;tm;NAdwdoQvDAmylwyfzGJUESifh trSwf2b*Fvm;ajcvsifwyfwdkY yl;aygif;wkdufcdkufonf/ wkdufyGJwGif

uywdef 'ef;pzkdY (Capt.Duns-ford)usqkH;onf/1/ Crosthwaite The Pacificationof Burma, P 282/Chronology of IndianHistory, P 414

Mo*kwf1 Mo*kwf 1886 jrefrmawmfvSefa&;orm;wkdY\ vufcsufjzifhAdkvfrSL; tpfuifqef (Major

Aitkinson) usqkH;onf/Chronology of Indian History,P 415

13 Mo*kwf 1886 jrif;pkdif; rif;om; &GmiHwGif iSufzsm;a&m*gjzifhuG,fvGefonf/

1/ File No. 453/ 1886NAD2/ GUBSS PI VI P 128

16 Mo*kwf 1886 {&m0wDjrpfa&BuD;rIaMumifh rEav; taemufykdif;&yfuGufrsm; a&vTrf;onf/Chronology of Indian History,P 415

pufwifbmv24 pufwifbm 1886 jrefrm

EdkifiHOya'rsm; tufOya' (Bur-ma Laws Act 1886)ukd jy|mef;onf/OD;tkef;az? yifvkHppfwrf;? &efukef/pHy,fOD;ykHEdSyf/ 1984/ pm-33/ aemifukd;um;vQif OD;tkef;az yifvkHppfwrf;

[knTef;rnf/

25 pufwifbm 1886 qmcsm;vf(pf) b m;e'fonf jrefrmEdkifiHr[m0ef&Sifawmf rif;BuD; tjzpf

cefYtyfcH&onfh twGuf jrefrmEdkifiH\yxrqkH; r[m0ef&Sifawmfrif;BuD; jzpfvmonf/


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trdefYawmfjyefwrf; 16? atmufwkdbm?

1886

Edk0ifb mv9 Edk0ifb m 1886 tdEd,EdkifiH\ppfOD;pD;csKyfjzpfol qmz&uf'&pfa&mbwf (Sir Frederick Rob-

ert) jrefrmEdkifiH a&muf&Sdonf/FCRBNo.1 C4962 P 143

12 Edk0ifb m 1886 NAdwdoQ wyfzGJUu Munfhjrifwkdifrif;om;\ pcef;udk 0ifa&muf wkdufcdkuf&m Munfhjrifwkdif rif;om;\ ZeD; usqkH;

NyD; Munfhjrifwkdif rif;om; vnf;pcef;ukd vufvTwf qkwfcGmcJh&onf/ xkdwdkufyGJwGif NAdwdoQwkdYbufrS Adkvftufumpav (Lieut-

enant Eckersley) usqkH;onf/GUBSSPI VI P 138

17 Ekd0ifbm 1886 qmz&uf'&pfa&mhbwf rEav;jrdKUokdYa&muf&dSvmjyD; ppfqifa&;udprsm; pDpOfaqmif&Gufonf/

S. W Cocks Burma under BritishRule, Bombay, J Cooper, P 58,

hereafter cited as Cocks Burma

under British Rule

1886 aqmhvpfbm&D(Marquessof Salisbury) onf t*FvefEdkifiH\ 0efBuD;csKyf&mxl;ukd vufcH

aqmif&Gufonf/Daily Mail Year Book 1961,Lon-don, Associated Newspapers Ltd.

1961, P 134 :hereafter cited as

Daily Mail Year Book 1961


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Zefe0g&Dv1 Zefe0g&D 1887 Munfhjrifwkdifrif;om;\wyfrsm;ESifh NAdwdoQ

wyfzGJU wkdufyGJjzpfyGm;&m Munfhjrifwkdifrif;om; usqkH;onf/Chronology of Indian HistoryP-416

jrefrmwdkif;&if;om;wdkY\ awmfvSefwdkufcdkufrIrsm;udk ESdrfeif;&efNAdwdoQwdkYonf ppfpcef;(142)ckESifh ppfykvdyfpcef; (56)ck xm;&Sdonf/Crosthwaite The Pacification of

Burma P 129

3 Zefe0g&D 1887 ume,fpwuffref; (Colonel Stedman) OD;aqmifonfh NAdwdoQwyfzGJUonf

&Srf;jynfe,fawmifykdif; ppfqifa&;udkqifEGJ&ef vdIif;wuf rS pwifcsDwufonf/Hender Shot, Clarence TheConquest , Pacification and

Administration of the Shan

StatesBy the British1886-1897

P 38:hereafter cited as Hender

ShotThe Conquest

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18 Zefe0g&D 1887 rEav;NrdKUrdk;xdausmif;wkdufwGif apm&efykdiftm; xD;eef;wif&ef vQdKU0Suftpnf;

ta0;usif;y aepOf NAdwdoQwdkYu0ifa&mufpD;eif;&m acsmif;cGrif;om;apm&efEdkiftm; zrf;rdonf/eDeDjrifh jrefrmhvGwfvyfa&; MudK;yef;rI

orkdif; pm 89

Zefe0g&D 1887 &Srf;jynfawmifykdif; ppfqifa&; NAdwdoQppfaMumif;udk vif;yiftkyfpk0if &Srf;apmfbGm;rsm;u ckcHwdkufcdkufonf/Hender ShotThe Conquest PP

38-40

27 Zef0g&D 1887 oDaygapmfbGm;p0fcGefqkdif (Sao Hkun Saing)rEav;NrdKU&Sd r[m0ef&Sifawmfrif;BuD; qmcsm;vf(pf)bm;e'f xHa&muf&Sdonf/Crosthwaite The Pacification of

Burma PP 137-142

azazmf0g&Dv

12 azazmf0g&D 1887 qmz&uf'&pfa&mbwfonf txufjrefrmjynf NAdwdoQwyfrsm;udk ar*sm*sif

e,f qma*smh0IdufvufokdYvTJtyftdEd,EkdifiHokdY jyefonf/1/ John NisbetBurma Under

British Rule and Before,Westminister, Archibald Cons-

table & Co.Ltd ,1901, P 128,

:hereafter cited as NisbetBurma

Under British Rule and Before

2/ Cocks Burma under BritishRule , P 59

rwfv4 rwf 1887 qmcsm;vf(pf)ua&mhpf0dwf(Mr. C.H.T Crosth-

waite)tm; jrefrmEdkifiH r[m0ef

&Sifawmf rif;BuD; &mxl; cefYtyfonf/The Burma Gazette P 1,No 10,5 March 1887,P 103

27 rwf 1887 qmcsm;vf(pf)ua&mhpf0dwf &efukef a&muf&Sdonf/Crosthwaite The Pacification of

Burma, P 24

28 rwf 1887 qmcsm;vf(pf) ua&mhpf0dwfonf qmcsm;vf(pf)bm;e'fxHrS r[m0ef&Sifawmfrif;BuD;


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wm0efvTJajymif;&,lonf/Crosthwaite The Pacification of

Burma, P 24

{jyDv25 {jyD 1887 oDaygrif;ESifh pkzk&m;vwfwkdYrS pwkworD;awmfxdyfpkjrwfzk&m;uav; arG;zGm;

onf/Desai, Deposed King Thibaw P

97

arv

13 ar 1887 vif;yifrif;om;NAdwdoQtmPmykdifwdkYxH vufeufcsonf/Hender ShotThe Conquest PP57-9

26 ar 1887 a'gufwmbOD;(1887-1963? aemif jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEdkifiHorw)udk ykodrfNrdKU OD;bdk;vS? a':a':nGefY rdbESpfyg;rS arG;zGm;onf/

Who's Who in Burma,1961, P

196

ZGefv3 ZGef 1887 jyifOD;vGif&Sd AdkvfrSL;BuD;ar (Colonel May) OD;aqmif

onfh NAdwdoQwyfzGJUu pMufmrif;om;\cHwyfudk oGm;a&mufwkdufcdkuf&m vufaxmufcdkif0ef'l;&m(Durrah) usqkH;NyD; t&m&Sd uyfayh*sf (Cuppage) 'Pf&m&onf/

Crosthwaite The Pacification of

Burma, P 70

21 ZGef 1887 NAdwdoQwyfzGJUuAdkvfrif;a&mifudk acgif;jzwfowfonf/

wuokdvfat;oefY ukdvkdeDacwfOD;awmfvSefa&;orkdif;0if tmZmenfrsm;?&efukef/ *E0ifykHESdyf/ 1969/ pm-91/aemifukd;um;vQif at;oefY ukdvkdeD

acwfOD;tmZmenfrsm; [kkTef;rnf/

Mo*kwfv5 Mo*kwf 1887 r[m0ef&Sif awmfrif;BuD; qmcsm;(vf)pfua&mpfh0dwfu rEav;eef;awmf nDvmcHcef;rwGif 'gbmyGJ usif;yonf/



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atmufwdkbmv1 atmufwdkbm 1887 ar*sm[maA; (Major Harvey) acgif;

aqmifaom NAdwdoQwyfzGJUuo&ufpD&ifpk rD;vefukef;teD; vQdKajrmif&Sd AdkvfqGJwyfpcef;udk 0ifa&mufwkdufcdkuf&m AdkvfqGJESifh wyfom; 10OD; usqkH;onf/

1/ Chronology of Indian

History P 4162/ GUBSSPI VI P 168

12 atmufwdkbm 1887 trSwf2[dkuf'g&mbwf ajcvsifwyfzGJUrS

ar*sm uae'D(Major Kennedy)acgif;aqmifaom NAdwdoQjrif;pD;wyfwdkY csifjypfokdY csDwuf&m OD;omBuD;ESifh bk&ifcHrif;om;armifbwdkYuckcHwkdufcdkufonf/ wdkufyGJ

wGif OD;omBuD;ESifh bk&ifcHrif;om;armifbwdkY usqkH;onf/ NAdwdoQwdkYbufrS ar*smuae'DESifh csif;wGif;pD&ifpk0efaxmuf uywdefbDAD;vf(Captain Beville)wkdY usqkH;onf/

Crosthwaite The Pacification ofBurma, PP 86-9

28 atmufwdkbm 1887 txufjrefrmEdkifiH aus;&Gmpnf;rsOf;Oya'(The Upper Burma Village Regu-

lation)(Regulation XIV of 1887)ukdjyXmef;onf/ &nf&G,f csufrSmjrefrmEd ki fi HwGi f tpOftqufusifhokH;cJhaom aus;&GmtkyfcsKyfa&;pepf tajccHrlrsm;udk a&S;rlrysufxm;&Sda&;ESifh jrefrmwdkif;&if;om;wdkY\ NAdwdoQe,fcsJUqefUusifa&;rsm;ukd atmifjrifpGmESdrfeif;Edkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/Crosthwaite The Pacification of

Burma, P 81

atmufwdkbm 1887 AefusDe,fwGif a&TcsKd;jzLrif;om; OD;aqmifonfh NAdwdoQe,fcsJUqefYusifa&;ay:aygufonf/GUBSSPI VI P 164


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3 Zefe0g&D 1888 csif;jynfe,fpDa[mif(Sihaung)t&yf uywdef&dwf (Capt.Raikes)ESifh wmpGef;

(Tashons) csif;tBuD;tuJ


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{NyDv4 {NyD 1888 jrefrmhtrsKd;om;EdkifiHa&; Edk;Mum;vmatmif BudK;

yrf;aqmif&GufcJhonfh q&mawmfOD; 0dpm&udk ppfukdif;wdkif; tjrifhNrdKUe,f? urf;edrfh&GmwGif OD;jym;? a':Zvyf rdbESpfyg;rS zGm;jrifonf/1/ ol&d,owif;pm 19-11-35

2/ a&TOMo wpfcsdefu xif&Sm;cJhaomyk*dKvfMuD;rsm;/ yxrtMudrf/ &efukef/py,fOD;ykHESdyf/ 1986/ pm 226/ aemifukd;um;vQif a&TOMo xif&Sm;aomyk*dKvfMuD;rsm; [knTef;rnf/

arv('kwd,ywf) ar 1888 &Srf;jynfe,frS NAdwdoQe,fcsJU awmfvSefa&;orm;wpfOD;jzpfol xGufivl(Twet

Nga Lu) tm; pwufref; cHwyf(Fort Stedman)rS rdk;eJapmfbGm;xH

jyeftydkY vrf;wGif xGufajy;bvlcsD (Beleuchi) tapmifhwyfom;u ypfowfonf/Crosthwaite The Pacification of

Burma,PP 186-7

20 ar 1888 OD;bdk;apm OD;aqmifonfh NAdwdoQe,fcsJUqefYusifa&;

orm;rsm;u rkd;aumif;NrdKUukd wkdufcdkufonf/1/ Crosthwaite The Pacification

of Burma,P 2612/ Mr.W.A. Hertz C.S.I Burma

Gazetter,Myitkyina District,

Yangon Govt printing, 1960, P 33

:hereafter cited as Hertz Myitky-

ina District

ZlvdkifvZlvdkif 1888 a&T*sdK;jzLrif;om;onf wmpGef;csif;wdkYESifh yl;aygif;NAdwdoQe,fcsJUwdkUukd qefYusif

awmfvSefwkdufcdkufonf/C & TThe Chin Hills, Vol I,P25

'DZifbmv7 'DZifb m 1888 csif;wdkif;&if;om;wdkYu uav;NrdKUteD;wGif

NAdwdoQwyfzGJUudk wkdufcdkuf&m Adkvfyg;vrm; (Lieutenant Palmar) usqkH;onf/C & TThe Chin Hills, Vol I,P27

10 'DZifb m 1888 wmpGef;csif;wkdYu pDa[mifudk vnf;aumif;?pD,if(Siyins)? csif;wdkYu (Indin)ukd


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vnf;aumif;? pkuaw;(Soktes)ESifh urfa[muf (Kanhows) csif;rsm;u uav;NrdKU ajrmufbuf

rkdif20uGm uefBuD; (Kangyi)&Sd NAdwdoQ ppfykvdyfpcef;udk vnf;aumif;wkdufckduf Muonf/C & T The Chin Hills, Vol I,PP 27-28

29 'DZifb m 1888 AdkvfcsKyfaumvuf(General Collett) OD;aqmifonfh NAdwdoQwyfzGJUrsm;u uE&0wD tBuD;tuJ apmvayg\NrdKUawmfapmvkH(Sawlon)odkY csDwuf

onf/Crosthwaite The Pacification of

Burma,P 194

'DZifb m 1888 vif;pa'gif;(Marquess of Lansdowne) onftdEd,bk&ifcHcsKyf &mxl;ukd vufcHaqmif&Gufonf/R.C.Majumdar,H.C Ray Chaud-huri & Kalikinkar Datta An

Advanced History of India

London, Macmillam & Co .ltd,

1963 ,P 1043:hereafter cited as

An Advanced History of India

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Zefe0g&Dv1 Zefe0g&D 1889 jrefrmwdkif;&if;om;wdkY\ awmfvSefwdkufcdkufrI

rsm;ukd ESdrfeif;&ef NAdwdoQwdkYonfppfpcef; 56ckESifh ppfykvdyfpcef;192ck xm;&SdcJhonf/Crosthwaite The Pacification of

Burma, P 129

AdkvfcsKyfaumvuf OD;pD;apmvkHokdY csDwufvmonfhNAdwdoQwyfzGJUrsm;udk apmvayg\wyfrsm;u vrf;rSqD;BudK wdkufcdkuf&mNAdwdoQwyfzGJUrS wyfom;av;OD;

usqkH; ckESpfOD; 'Pf&m&onf/Crosthwaite The Pacification of

Burma,P 194

29 Zefe0g&D 1889 &Srf;jynf

ta&;ydkif [D;vf'D b&if; (A.H.-

Hildebrand) u u,m;jynfe,fapmzsmapmv0Dtm; qme'f cefYtyfvTmay;onf/Crosthwaite The Pacification of

Burma, PP 202-3

rwfv1 rwf 1889 awmifilrEav;rD;&xm;vrf; zGifhvSpfvkdufonfh

twGuf &efukef rEav;rD;&xm;vrf; awmufavQmuf oGm;Edkifvmonf/Nisbet Burma Under British

Rule and Before, P 139

arv1 ar 1889 NAdwdoQtmPmydkifwdkYu uif;0efrif;BuD; OD;aumif;trSL;jyK onfh twkdifyifcHtzGJUukdzsufodrf;onf/

a&TwkduftwGif;0efrif; twKywdpmwrf;? rEav;/ jrefrmwm&mowif;pm

ykHEdSyf/ pm 12-13

4 ar 1889 NAdwdoQwyfzGJUrsm;ucsif;awmif&Sd &S,fvkHcHwyfudk wkdufcdkufonf/rif;wyfbledrf; csif;awmiforkdif;? &efukef/ pmayAdrmefykHESdyf/ 1976/ pm 50/aemifukd;um;vQif rif;wyfbledrf;

csif;awmiforkdif; [knTGef;rnf/


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ausmfNidrf;

16

ar 1889 rauG;e,fwGif Ak'&mZmOD;aqmifonfh NAdwdoQe,fcsJUqefUusifa&; ay:aygufonf/


ZGefv1 ZGef 1889 jrefrmawmfvSefa&;

orm;wdkY\ vufcsufjzifh vufaxmufta&;ydkif'dkifqef(Mr.Dyson)usqkH;onf/Crosthwaite The Pacification of

Burma, P 117

Zlvdkifv20 Zlvdkif 1889 NAdwdoQe,fcsJUqefYusifa&;acgif;aqmifwpfOD;jzpfol AdkvfOwrtm; NAdwdoQwyfzGJUrsm;u zrf;rdonf/


pufwifbmv8 pufwifb m 1889 qmcsm; ua&mhpf0dwf cGifhoGm;pOftwGif; rua':e,f(Mr.A.P Mac Donnell)

onf acwr[m0ef&Sifawmfrif;BuD;tjzpfwm0efxrf;aqmifonf/1/ Twentieth Century Impre-

ssions of Burma, Its History, Peo-ple, Commerce, Industries and

Resources, London, lloyd's Gre-

ater Britain Publishting Company

ltd, 1910, P 54:hereafter cited as

T.C.I.B 2/ Crosthwaite The Pacification

of Burma, P 120

'DZifbmv

27 'DZifb m 1889 qmcsm;vfua&mhpf0dwf r[m0ef&Sifawmfrif;BuD;wm0ef jyefvnfvTJajymif;,lonf/1/ Crosthwaite The Pacificationof Burma, P 121

2/ The Burma Gazette 1890,P22(Alphabetical and Analytical

Index to The Burma Gazette for

the year 1890

'DZiffb m 1889 a0vrif;om; (HisRoyal Highness Prince Albert Victor

of Wales)(the late Duke of Clarence)


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17

jrefrmEdkifiH vma&muf vnfywfonf/1/ The Burma Gazette No.1. 4

January 1890, P 12/ Sir Herbert Thirkell White,

K.C.I.E A Civil Servent in

Burma,London, Edward Arnold

1913, P 224

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9

0


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ausmfNidrf;

18

rwfv19 rwf 1890 r[m0ef&Sifawmfrif;BuD;qmcsm;vfpfua&mhpf0dwfonf

pwufref;cHwyfwGif &Srf;tBuD;tuJrsm;ESifh awGUqkHonf/Crosthwaite The Pacification of

Burma, P 8

arv30 ar 1890 NAdwdoQe,fcsJUqefusifa&; acgif;aqmifwpfOD;jzpfolAdkvf&mnGefY NAdwdoQtmPmydkifwdkYxH vufeufcsonf/1/ awmom;MuD; Akdvf&mnGefY\Zmwd

rmef/ acsmufynmwkd;wuf MuD;yGm;a&;pmtkyfqkdif/ ykHESdyfESpfrod/ pm 54-55

2/Report of the Administrationof Burma 1889-1890, P 8:here -

after cited as R.A.B

Zlvdkifv17 Zlvdkif 1890 t*FvefEdkifiHoGm; jrefrmudk,fpm;vS,ftzGJU0ifOD;odrf;armif 0wfvkHawmf& (aemifw&m;0efBuD;csKyf) ukd aygif;wnf

NrdKUe,f? ausmif;ukef;&GmwGif OD;zkd;pH? a':aomif;rdbESpfyg;rS arG;zGm;onf/

1/ jrefrmpG,fpkHusrf;ESpfcsKyf/ 1978/&efukef/ pmayAdrmefykHESdyf/ 1978/ pm283-284/ aemif jrefrmhpG,fpkHusrf; ESpf

csKyfrsm;ukd ukd;um;vQif jrefrmpG,fpkHESpfcsKyfESifh ckepfom nGTef;rnf

2/ Who's Who in Burma,1961,P 97

Edk0ifbmv

20 Edk0iffb m 1890 rif;avmif;armifoefYudk jrif;rlNrdKUe,f? yJul&Gm OD;xGef;ykd? a':r,f& rdbESpfyg;rS arG;zGm;onf/wifjrifh t*Hawmifu armifoefYxcJh/&efukef/ pmayAdrmefykHESdyf/ 1995/ pm

18/ aemifukd;um;vQif wifjrifh t*Hawmifu armifoefY [knTef;rnf

'DZifbmv10 'DZifb m 1890 tvufZEm;

ruifZD(Mr. A.Mackenzie) onfqm csm;vfpfua&m hp f0 dwfxHr Sr[m0ef&Sifawmfrif;BuD; wm0efvTJajymif;,lonf/1/ The Burma Gazette,No 51,

20 Dec 1890,P 587

2/ R.A.B 1890-1891,P 3


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19

13 'DZiffb m 1890 t*FvefEdkifiHoGm; jrefrmudk,fpm;vS,ftzGJY0ifOD;xGef;&Sdefudk ykodrfNrdKU OD;armif

BuD;? a':cif rdbESpfyg;rS arG;zGm;onf/ol&d,owif;pm/ 4-7-36/ 25

ESpfajrmuftxl;xkwf

1890 NAdwdoQe,fcsJUukd qefYusifawmfvSefwkdufcdkufonfh acsmif;cGrif;om; apm&efykdif wkwfEdkifiHajy;0ifcdkvIHonf/,if0ifa[mf xefcsKHokdYckdvIHcJhonfhjrefrmb k&ifhajr;awmf pmwrf;/ 1960/&Sef[JNrdKU

&efukefNrdKUwGif twGif;0effrsm;kH; (,ck0efMuD;rsm;kH;) ukd pwifaqmufvkyfonf/ B.R.Pearn A History of Ran-

goon, American Baptist Mission

Press 1939. P 265 :hereafter cited

as Pearn A History of Rangoon

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ausmfNidrf;

20

Zefe0g&Dv2 Zefe0g&D 1891 a'gufwm odef;armif (aemif *syefEkdifiH qkdif&m

jrefrmoHtrwf)udk aygif;wnfNrdKU OD;pdef'g? a':vSjzL rdbESpfyg;rSarG;zGm;onf/1/ Who's Who in Burma,1927,

P 1472/ tNidrf;pm;oHtrwfMuD; OD;oufxGef;oHwkdYtjrif/ &efukef/ rdwfaumif;ykHESdyf/

1999/ pm 104

azazmf0g&Dv12 azazmf0g&D 1891 uompD&ifpk

wGif NAdwdoQwyfzGJUrsm;tm; 0ef;odkapmfbGm; OD;atmifjrwf\ wyfzGJUrsm;u wkdufcdkufonf/R.A.B 1890 - 91, P 5

27 azazmf0g&D 1891 NAdwdoQtmPmydkifwdkYu 0ef;odkapmfbGm; OD;atmifjrwftm; uompD&ifpkwGifNAdwdoQwyfzGJUrsm;tm; awmfvSefykefuefrIaMumifh 0ef;okdapmfbGm;&mxl;rS jzKwfcsaMumif; aMunm

onf/ The Burma Gazette No 9,28 Feb 1891, P 91

Edk0ifb mv26 Edk0ifbm 1891 &Srf;jynfe,fwGif yg0ifonfh e,fajrrsm;ukd

a'o ckepfck cGJjcm;owfrSwfonfhaMunmcsuf xkwfjyefonf/ The Burma Gazette No 48,28 Nov 1891, PP 541-2

1891 a&TcsKd;jzLrif;om;tm; NAdwdoQwyfzGJUu zrf;rdNyD; BudK;ay;owfjzwfonf/C & T The Chin Hills, Vol I, P

109 n


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21

arv2 ar 1892 prDwef(Mr. Donald

Makenzie Smeaton)onf jrefrm

EdkifiH r[m0ef&Sifawmfrif;BuD; wm0efxrf;aqmifonf/1/ T.C.I.B P 54 2/ R.A.B 1892-3 P 3

6 ar 1892 csif;awmifwef;&SduyfwJvf(Kaptyel) tBuD;tuJOD;wGrfawmif (Twum Tong) OD;aqmif bkdwef (Botung) &Gm&SdNAdwdoQpcef;udk wkdufcdkufonf/C & T The Chin Hills, Vol I, P

78

23 ar 1892 zdkif,m(Sir FredericWilliam Richard Fryer K.C.S.I,

I.C.S)onf jrefrmEdkifiH r[m0ef&Sifawmf rif;BuD; &mxl;ukd

vufcH aqmif&Gufonf/1/ T.C.I.B P 54 2/ R.A.B 1892-3 P 3

Mo*kwfv

18 Mo*kwf 1892 *vufpwkH;(W.E Gladstone)onf t*FvefEdkifiH

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2


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ausmfNidrf;

22

0efBuD;csKyf&mxl;ukd vufcHaqmif&Gufonf/Prominent People, Pears the

Pure Soap P 118:hereafter citedasProminent People

1892 tpkd;&tdrfawmf pwifaqmufvkyfonf/Pearn A History of Rangoon, P265

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Zefe0g&Dv6 Zefe0g&D 1893 ucsifwkdif;&if;om;wdkYonf qDr(Sima)&Sd NAdwdoQ

pcef;udk wkdufcdkufonf/ qDrwdkufyGJwGif NAdwdoQwyfrSL; uywdefarmfwef(Capt.Morton)usqkH;onf/Hertz Myitkyina District P 60

azazmf0g&Dv8 azazmf0g&D 1893 a'gufwmbarmfudk rtlyifNrdKUwGif OD;aus;?a':odef;wif rdbESpfyg;rS arG;zGm;onf/Who's Who in Burma,1961 PP

101-2

{NyDv23 {NyD 1893 tmZmenf 'D;'kwfOD;bcsKdudk ajrmif;jrNrdKUwGif OD;bdk;apm? a':jrpf rdbESpfyg;rS arG;zGm;onf/AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;ESifh tmZmenfMuD;rsm;\ twKywd/ &efukef/ A[kdykHESdyf/1970/ pm 17/ aemifukd;um;vQiftmZmenfMuD;rsm;\ twKywd [kTef;

rnf/

{NyD 1893 csif;awmifwef;&Sd uyfwJvf tBuD;tuJ OD;wGrfawmif

NAdwdoQ tmPmydkifwdkYxH vufeufcsonf/C & T The Chin Hills, Vol I, P

92

Mo*kwfv15 Mo*kwf 1893 txufjrefrmEdkifiHwGif tdrfaxmifpk tvdkufoar"(Thathameda)cGefaumufcH&ef aMunmcsuf xkwfjyefonf/The Burma Gazette P IV, 26

Aug 1893, P 527

Edk0ifbmv

18 Edk0ifb m 1893 tdEd,bk&ifcHcsKyf vif;pa'gif; (Marquess of

Lansdoune) jrefrmEdkifiH a&muf&dSonf/The Burma Gazette P I, No.4618 Nov 1893, P 588

'DZifb mv'DZifb m 1893 uyfwJvftBuD;tuJ OD;wGrfawmif uif;wyf

axmifwGif aoqkH;onf/C & T The Chin Hills, Vol I, P92n


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ausmfNidrf;

24

Zefe0g&DvZefe0g&D 1894 t,fv*sif; (Earl

of Elgin and Kincardine II) onf

tdEd,bk&ifcHcsKyf &mxl;ukd vufcH0efxrf;aqmifonf/An Advanced History of IndiaP 1043

rwfv3 rwf 1894 dkUpfbm&D(Earl ofRosebery) onf t*FvefEdkifiH\0efBuD;csKyf&mxl;ukd vufcH xrf;aqmifonf/Prominent People P 118

arv3 ar 1894 tvufZEm ruifZD(Mr.A. Mac kenzie)onf jrefrmEdkifiHr[m0ef &Sifawmfrif;BuD; &mxl;

wGif wm0efxrf;aqmifonf/1/ T.C.I.B P 54 2/ R.A.B P 1894-5 P 3

16 ar 1894 pD,ifcsif; tMuD;tuJ OD;ckyfaygif(Kuppow) ESifhAd kvfc d ki furf;(Kaikam)1846-1919 wkdY NAdwdoQ t&m&Sd azmfvm

1

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4


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(Mr. Fowler)xH vufeufcsonf/C & T The Chin Hills, Vol IP 106

pufwifbmvpufwifb m 1894 yifvkHpmcsKyfvufrSwfa&;xkd;onfh p0fcGefyef;pdefudk &Srf;jynfe,fajrmufykdif;?

erfhqef NrdKUwGif awmifydkifapmfbGm;cGefqeftGef(Hkun Hseng Awn)ESifhr[ma'0D[defqdkif ( Katur Lady

Heng Seng) rdbESpfyg;rS arG;zGm;onf/1/ Chiefs and Leading Families

in the Shan States and KarenniMS 188 ,BG 8 Oct 1943 PP 63-42/ jyefMum;a&;Xme &Srf;jynfe,fjynfolYtkyfcsKyfa&;yEufcsyGJ/ &efukef/tpkd;&ykHESdyf/ 1959/ pm 43/ aemifukd;um;vQif &Srf;jynfe,f jynfolYtkyfcsKyf

a&;yEufcsyGJ [knTef;rnf


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ausmfNidrf;

26

ZE0g&Dv31 ZE0g&D 1895 r[m0ef&Sifawmfrif;MuD; qmtvufZEm

ruifZDu *sKAvDa[m taqmufttHk yEufcsonf/The Foundtion Stone of this hallto be/ erected to commemoate the

Jubilee/ of the Reign of Her Most

Gracious/ Majesty Queen

Victoria/ Empress of India/ was

Laid by/ Sir Alexander Mackinzie

K.C.S.I on 31st Jan 1895 Jubilee

hall Foundtion Stone

{jyD

1 {jyD 1895 jAdwdoQtmPm ydkifwdkYu jAdwdoQe,fcsJUwdkYudk awmfvSefwdkufcdkufcJhaom acsmif;cGrif;om; apm&efEdkifESifh ZeD;jrif;cHkwdkifxdyfwifwdkYudk uvuwm;odkY ydkYonf/

Burma Political ProcedingsMarch 1895/ 96/ 99

3 {jyD 1895 zdkif,monftvufZEm; ruifZDxHrS jrefrm

EdkifiH r[m0ef&Sifawmfrif;MuD; wm0ef vGJajymif;&,lonf/1/ T.C.I.B P 54

1

8

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5


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2/ R.A.B P 1895-6 P 3

Zlvdkifv

2 Zlvdkif 1895 aqmhvpfbm&D(Marquess of Salisbury)onf t*FvefEdkifiH0efMuD;csKyf &mxl;ukd vufcHaqmif&Gufonf/Prominent People P 118

atmufwkdb mv5 atmufwdkb m 1895 yifvHkpmcsKyf vufrSwfa&;xdk;onfh OD;vSLrIefudk zvrf;jrdKUe,f? vHk;bef&GmwGif OD;edwf0kef? a':ZGefbGJY rdb

ESpfyg;rS arG;zGm;onf/zvrf;NrdKUESpfwpf&mjynfhr*Zif; 1892-

1992 pm 72

1895 ucsifawmifwef;om;

rsdK;dk;wlpkrsm;qdkif&m pnf;rsOf;Oya' The Kachin Hills TribesRegulation 1895ukdxkwfjyefonf/ucsifawmifwef;a'owGif usifhokH;aeaom Oya'rsm; / jrpfMuD;em;/ tpkd;

&ykHESdyfwkduf/ 1969/ pm 1

1

8

9

6


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ausmfNidrf;

28

{jyDv25 {jyD 1896 r[m0ef&Sifawmfrif;MuD;zdkif,m tdEd,odkY cGifhjzifh

oGm;pOftwGif; prDwefonf acwr[m0ef&Sifawmfrif;MuD; wm0efxrf;aqmifonf/The Burma Gazette P 1, 2 May1896, P 202

arv31 ar 1896 wdkif;wm;rif;MuD;OD;zdk; &efukefjrdKUwGif uG,fvGefonf/1/ NisbetBurma Under BritishRule and Before P 99Chronology of Indian HistoryP 414

Mo*kwfv

10 Mo*kwf 1896 zdkif,monfprDwefxHrS r[m0ef&Sifawmfrif;MuD; wm0efjyefvnf vTJajymif;,lonf/The Burma Gazette P 1, No 33,15 Aug 1896, P 490

14 Mo*kwf 1896 csif;awmifwef; pnf;rsOf;Oya' (The Chin

Hills Regulation Act 1896) udkxkwf

jyefonf/The Burma Gazette P 1, 29 Aug1896

1896 jAdwdoQe,fcsJUudk qefYusifwdkufcdkufcJhonfh yk*HAdkvfcsKdESifhom;ESpfOD;jzpfonfh Adkvfbdk;qif? Adkvfbdk;0ifwdkYudk yk*HNrdKU oD&dyp,mt&yf&S d *lajymufbk&m;wGif cdkatmif;aepOf jAdwdoQ ppfykvdyfrsm;u zrf;rdonf/

1/ Crosthwaite The Pacificationof Burma P 1142/at;oefY ukdvkdeDacwfOD;tmZmenfrsm; pm 75-6

1896 p0fa&Todkuf (1896 - 1962aemif jynfawmifpk jrefrmEdkifiHawmf ,m,Dorw) udk tif;wdefjrdKUwGif tif;wdefjrdKUpm; p0fcsHKESifhp0feef;qm rdbESpfyg;rS arG;zGm;onf/

1/ NrdKUe,fat;csrf;om,ma&;ESifh zGHNzdK;a&;aumifpD anmifa&TNrdKU\ 19-9-02&ufpGJyg pmtrSwf 5^77-1^OD; 6


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29

2/ &Srf;jynfe,f jynfolYtkyfcsKyfa&;

yEufcsyGJ pm 343/ jrefrmpG,fpkHusrf; twGJ 13? &ef

ukef/ pmayAdrmefykHESdyf/ 1973/ pm 18/aemifukd;um;vQif jrefrmhpG,fpkHusrf; [k

nTef;rnf

1896 0dwdk&d,bk&ifr kyfxkudkzdkufpuGJ,m;O,smOf(Fytche Square

Garden) (,ck r[mAEKvyef;jcH)wGif xm;&Sdonf/Pearn A History of Rangoon P285

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30

{jyDv9 {jyD 1897 tdEd,EkdifiH bk&ifcHcsKyfu jrefrmjynfukd tdEd,EkdifiH

\ jynfe,fwpfcktjzpf owfrSwfjyD; r[m0ef&Sifawmfrif;MuD; tkyfcsKyfonfhtqifhrS 'kwd,bk&ifcHtkyfcsKyfonfh tqifhokdY wkd;jrifhaMumif; aMunmcsuf xkwfjyef

onf/owif;pmq&mBuD; wkd;wufa&; OD;xGef;oef; jrefrmjynfEkdifiHa&;&Sif;wrf;('kwd,tMudrf)/ &efukef/ &efat;ykHESdyf/1974/ pm 45/ aemifukd;um;vQif xGef;

oef; jrefrmjynfEkdifiHa&; [kGTef;rnf

arv1 ar 1897 jrefrmEdkifiHudk tdEd,EdkifiH\ jynfe,fwpfe,ftjzpfowfrSwfjyD; r[m0ef&Sifawmfrif;MuD; tkyfcsKyfonfh tqifhrS 'kwd,

bk&ifcH tkyfcsKyfonfh tqifh wdk;jrifhonf/R.A.B 1911-2 P 11

r[m0ef&Sifawmfrif;MuD; qm

tufzf'AvsLtmzdkuf,monfjrefrmEkdifiH 'kwd,bk&ifcHtjzpfcefYtyfcH&onfhtwGuf jrefrmEdkifiH

\ yxrqHk;'kwd,bk &ifcH jzpfvmonf/1/ R.A.B 1897-8 P 3

2/ R.A.B 1921-2 PP 57-8

Zlvdkifv6 Zlvdkif 1897 rEav;jrdKUwGifAk'bmomomoemhEk*[toif;udk

wnfaxmifonf/1/ ocifbarmif 0HomEkta&;awmfykHorkdif; 1906-1936/ &efukef/ pmvkyfief;ykHESdyf/ 1975/ pm 6/ aemifukd;um;vQif ocifbarmif 0HomEk [knTGef;rnf2/ ppfukdif;[efwif jrefrmEkdifiHawmfrSwfwrf; (1) &efukef/py,fOD;ESifh eHUom

ykHESdyfvkyfief;/ 1967/ pm 101-2/aemifukd;um;vQif [efwif jrefrmEkdifiHawmfrSwfwrf; 1 [knTGef;rnf3/ pDyDcifarmif jrefrmjynf jrefrmtoif;rsm;\ twKywdpmwrf;/ &efukef/ ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;ykHESdyf/ 19

19/ pm 3/ aemifukd;um;vQif pDyDcifarmif jrefrm toif;rsm;\ twKywd

[kTef;rnf

Mo*kwfv1 Mo*kwf 1897 jrefrmEkdifiH

'kwd,bk&ifcHukd ulnD&ef tzGJU0ifukd;OD;ygaom twkdifyifcH tMuHay;tzGJY zGJUonf/


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31

1/ R.A.B 1897-8 P 3 2/ xGef;oef; jrefrmjynfEkdifiHa&; pm45-46

atmufwdkbmv7 atmufwdkb m 1897 tmZmenf ocifjrudk jynfcdkif? xHk;bdkjrdKU OD;bdk;cRef;? a':oufv,frdbESpfyg;rS arG;zGm;onf/

tmZmenfMuD;rsm;\twKywd pm 7

Edk0ifbmv6 Edk0ifb m 1897 armfvjrdKifjrdKU &SifAk'aCmo t*Fvdyfjrefrm pmoifausmif; wnfaxmifonf/

[efwif jrefrmEkdifiHawmfrSwfwrf;-1pm 102

Edk0ifb m 1897 armfvjrdKifjrdKUOD;a&ToGif OD;pD; omoe"&toif; wnfaxmifonf/

1/ [efwif jrefrmEkdifiHawmfrSwfwrf;-1 pm 102

2/ ocifbarmif 0HomEk pm 6

1897 jrif;jcHjrdKUwGif ynmtkyfOD;ausmf&ef OD;pD; Ak'bmomu

vsmPrdwtoif; wnfaxmifonf/

1/ [efwif jrefrmEkdifiHawmfrSwfwrf;-1 pm 102



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ausmfNidrf;

32

ZE0g&Dv15 ZE0g&D 1898 jrefrmEdkifiH'kwd,bk&ifcH zdkif,mu tpdk;&

tdrfawmfwGif 'gbmyGJ usif;yonf/The Burma Gazette P 1,No 1,1 Jan 1898, P 1

20 Zeef0g&D 1898 tmZmenfOD;&mZwfukd rdwDvmjrdKUwGif rpwmat&mref;ESifh a':jidrf;vS rdbESpfyg;rS arG;zGm;onf/tmZmenfMuD;rsm;\twKywd pm 19

rwfv8 rwf 1898 om,m 0wDpD&ifpkpH&GJ (Sanywe)jrdKUe,ftm; vufyHwef; (Letpadan)jrdKUe,f [ktrnfajymif;onf/

The Burma Gazette P 1,No 11,12 March 1898, P 114

rwf 1898 rEav;jrdKUwGif omoema&;twGuf y&d,wd omoemhrdw toif;udk wnfaxmifonf/[Hom0wDowif;pm 10-11-1909

1

8

9

8


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Edk0ifbmv25 Edk0ifb m 1898 oDaygrif;\rdzk&m; pkzk&m;MuD; uG,fvGefonf/

&eHUopfr*Zif; trSwf 66 1999 rwf-{jyDpm 139

1898 yifvHkpmcsKyf vufrSwf a&;xdk;onfh OD;Mumykudk oDaygjrdKUOD;Ek? a':erf;crf;csdKuf rdbESpfyg;rSarG;zGm;onf/jrefrmpG,fpkHusrf;ESpfcsKyf 1981 pm

122-3

1898 *sLAvDa[m wnfaqmuf

jyD;pD;onf/Pearn A History of RangoonP 265

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ausmfNidrf;

34

ZE0g&Dv6 ZE0g&D 1899 umZHk (Baron

Curzon of Kedleston)onf tdEd,

bk&ifcHcsKyf&mxl;ukd vufcHaqmif&Gufonf/1/ An Advanced History ofIndia P 10432/ Burma Year Book 1930

Yangon, Aiya Bros 1930, P 5

:hereafter cited as Burma Year

Book 1930

{jyD10 {jyD 1889 rEav;-vm;Id;

rD;&xm;vrf;&dS aemifcsdKawmifxdyfESifh yifaygawmifwdkYudk awmifajrmufqufoG,frnfh *kwfxdyfwHwm;ukd tar&duefEdkifiH yifqDvfaA;eD;,m;ESifh ar&DvefwHwm;aqmufvkyfa&; ukrPDrS

pwifaqmufvkyfonf/1/ &Srf ;jynfe,fpmapmi f twGJ1?trSwf1 1961 pm 552/ uarmZjrifhvGif jrefrmjynfESpfaygif;200 rSwfwrf;MuD;/ &efukef/ arh*kPf&nfpmtkyfwkduf/ 1969/ pm 174/

aemifukd;um;vQif uarmZjrifhvGif ESpf200rSwfwrf; [kTef;rnf

1

9

0

0


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35

azazmf0g&Dv16 azazmf0g&D 1900 rif;wkef;rif;\ rdbk&m; qifjzLr&Sifrdbk&m;

uG,fvGefonf/a':Muef ya'o&mZfjrefrmEkdifiHZmwf

odrf;/&efukef/ pmayAdrmefykHESdyf/ 1981/pm 252/aemifukd;um;vQif a':Muefya'o&mZf jrefrmEkdifiHZmwfodrf; [kGTef;rnf

17 azazmf0g&D 1900 oD[kdVfEkdifiHrSAk'jrwfpG,fawmf 'gbD&SmoabFmjzifh &efukefjrdKUokdY a&muf&dSonf/pG,fawmfjrwfpmwrf; &efukef/ [Hom0wDowif;pmwkduf/ 1901/pm 11

{jyDv16 {jyD 1900 rEav;jrdKUwGifOD;ausmf&ef OD;pD; Ak'bmomtoif; wnfaxmifonf/ toif;

trIaqmifrsm;rSmOu| OD;ausmf&ef'kOu| OD;ciftusdK;aqmiftwGif;a&;rSL; OD;aomfwdkYjzpfonf/Buddhism Quarterly Review,Vol I , No 1, Sept 1903 P 168

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ausmfNidrf;

36

ZE0g&Dv22 ZE0g&D 1901 t*FvefEdkifiHbk&ifr0dwdk&d, (Queen Victoria)

1819 -1901 uG,fvGef om;awmftuf'Gyf ]7} (Edward VII) 1841-1910xD;eef; qufcHonf/Prominent People P 59

azazmf0g&Dv7 azazmf0g&D 1901 ocifbaomif;(wdkYArmtpnf;tHk;udk pwifwnfaxmifol) udk ewfarmufjrdKUe,f?zHkukef;aus;&GmwGif OD;jrpf? a':cifav; rdbESpfyg;rS arG;zGm;onf/

jrefrmpG,fpkHusrf;ESpfcsKyf 1982pm 247-8

rwfvrwf 1901 jrefrmEkdifiHwGif vlOD;

a& 10490624 OD; (atmufjrefrmEdkifiHwGif vlOD;a& 5405967ESifh txufjrefrmEdkifiHwGif 5084657) &Sdonf/1/ Burma Hand Book 1944

Simla P 10 :hereafter cited as

Burma Hand Book 19442/ R.A.B 1911-12 P 25

3/ Allelyne Ireland TheProvince of Burma, Cambridge,

Riverside Press, 1907, P 111

ZGefv1 ZGef 1901 *kwfxdyfwHwm;udkpwifzGifhvSpfonf/wHwm;wefzdk;aiG-1698200 usyftvsm;t&Snf -2260 aywHwm;wdkiftjrifh -320 ay*kwfwGif;acsmif;qHk\a&rsufESmjyifrSwHwm;oHvrf;txdtjrifh- 820 aywHwm;oHwkdifaygif; - 15wHwm;pwifaqmufvkyfonfhaeY

1899 ckESpf {jyDv 10aqmufvkyfaomtcsdefumv-9 vwdwd1/ *kwfxdyfwHwm;urnf;pm2/ &Srf;jynfe,fpmapmif twGJ 1?

trSwf 1? 1961/ pm 55

11 ZGef 1901 tmZmenf OD;b0if;udk ewfarmufjrdKUwGif a&SUaeOD;zm? a':pk rdbESpfyg;rS arG;zGm;onf/



37/211


37

atmufwdkbmv20 atmufwdkb m 1901 txufjrefrmEdkifiHqdkif&m omoemydkifa&G;

yGJjyKvkyf&mrdk;wm;q&mawmf OD;okZmw 396 rJ?awmifcGifq&mawmfOD;0dok' 395 rJ ESifh xkwfvef;q&mawmf 86 rJ toD;oD;&&Sdonf/a&Tukdif;om; tESpf100 jynfhrEav;rEav;? MuD;yGm;a&;ykHESdyf? 1959? pm282/ aemifukd;um;vQif a&Tukdif;om;

tESpf100 jynfhrEav;[kTef;rnf

Ekd0ifbmv

28 Ekd0ifb m 1901 tdEd,bk&ifcHcsKyf avmhumZkef (Lord Cur -

zon) rEav;jrdKUwGif 'gbmyGJusif;yonf/OD;tkef;az yifvkHppfwrf; pm 125

1901 yifvkHpmcsKyfvufrSwfa&;xkd;onfh OD;jzLukd &Srf;jynfe,fawmifykdif; qDqkdifjrdKUe,f? aemifausmhaus;&Gmtkyfpk? 0g;awmaus;&GmwGif OD;ukov? a':eef;ausmif;

zl; rdbESpfyg;rS arG;zGm;onf/OD;NzL\ ukd,fa&;rSwfwrf; tusOf;/

vufESdyfpufrl

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ausmfNidrf;

38

Zlvkdifv12 Zlvkdif 1902 bJvfzkd; (Arthur

J.Balfour) onf t*FvefEkdifiH\

0efMuD;csKyf &mxl;ukd vufcHaqmif&Gufonf/

Prominent People P 118

Mo*kwfv

8 Mo*kwf 1902 *sLAvDa[mwGifwd&pmefkHopfESifh O,smOfopfaqmuf&ef tpnf;ta0; usif;yonf/ tpnf;ta0;wGif jrefrmEkdifiH 'kwd,bk&ifcH qmtufzf'A

vsLtmzkdif,mu obmywdtjzpf aqmif&Gufonf/wkdufpkd; *sLAvDa[mjrifuGif; &efukefoD[&wemykHESdyf? 1978? pm 6/ aemifukd;um;vQif wkdufpkd; *sLAvDa[m [k

Tef;rnf

1902 yifvkHpmcsKyf vufrSwfa&;xkd;cJhonfh p0f[kHzukd odEDjrdKUwGifodEDapmfbGm;MuD; p0fcGefqHwkef[kef;ESifh p0feef;crf;pdef rdbESpfyg;rS arG;zGm;onf/1/ odEDapmfbG m;MuD;pyf[kHz\txKywduGefysLwmpmrl

2/ aMu;rkHowif;pm 30-3-63

1902 ykodrfjrdKU Oa&mywkdufom;Ak'bmom &[ef;awmf bduKtaomuukd taMumif;jyK

taomutoif; wnfaxmifonf/pDyDcifarmif jrefrmtoif;rsm;\twKywdpm 3OD;bcdkif(azbD,ef) jrefrmjynfEkdifiHa&;&mZ0if(wwd,tBudrf)/&efukef/ ukrm

&ykHESdyf/ 1966/ pm 37-38/ aemifukd;um;vQif bckdif jrefrmjynfEkdifiHa&; [k

Tef;rnf


39/211


39

azaz:0g&Dv28 azaz:0g&D 1903 yifvkHpm csKyfvufrSwfa&;xk d;onfh OD;xGef;

jrifhukd vdGKifvifckdif armufr,fjrdKUwGif OD;ausmfpdef? a':apmvkHrdbESpfyg;rS arG;zGm;onf/jrefrmpG,fpkHusrf;ESpfcsKyf 1978 pm

186

{jyDv4 {jyD 1903 qm [lU*sf &dSwfpyD;,m; bef;pf(Sir Huge Shak-

espear Barnes K.C.S.I, K.C.

V.O, I.C. S)onf jrefrmEkdifiH

'kwd,bk&ifcH &mxl;ukd vufcHaqmif&Gufonf/T.C.I.B P 54 R.A.B 1903-4 P2

pufwifbmvpufwifb m 1903 OD;a&Ttkd;OD;pD; Ak'omoemhor* (Buddha

Sasana Samaga or Intern-

ational Buddhist Society)ukd &efukefjrdKU? trSwf 1? a&Twd*kHbk&m;

vrf;wGif wnfaxmifonf/ trIaqmifrsm;rSmOu| OD;a&Ttkd;

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ausmfNidrf;

40

taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; tmeErax&fb@ma&;rSL; a':jrarwkdY jzpfonf/

Buddhism Quarterly Review,Vol I , No 1, Sept 1903

atmufwkdbmv23 atmufwkdbm 1903 The

Ancient Monument preser-

vation bill ukd xkwfjyefonf/ The Burma Gazette P III ,A,14 Nov 1903

26 atmufwkdb m 1603 tmZm

enf ref;bckdifukd [oFwckdif?,kefwvif;&GmwGif olMuD; ref;ayukef;ESifh a':yk rdbESpfyg;rS arG;zGm;onf/tmZmenfMuD;rsm;\twKywd pm 15

Ekd0ifbmv13 Ekd0ifbm 1903 jrefrmEkdifiH'kwd,bk&ifcH bef;(pf)u rEav;awmifajc ok"rmZ&yfrsm;teD;&dS

r@yf awmifcGifq&mawmf OD;0dok'tm; txufjrefrmEkdifiHqkdif&momoemykdif cefYtyfonfh qm

e'f(Sanad) ay;yGJusif;yonf/ref;wif]]omoemykdiftm; pmcRefawmfqufuyfyGJ}} aiGwm&Dr*Zif;? trSwf

144? 1972? ZGef? pm 72


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41

azaz:0g&D22 azaz:0g&D 1904 jrefrmEkdifiH'kwd,bk&ifcH bef;pfu &efukefjrdKU

ukd a&ay;onfh avSmfum;uefpDrHudef;ukd zGifhvSpfay;onf/

Pearn A History of Rangoon P

272

rwfv7 rwfv 1904 yifvkHpmcsKyfvufrSwfa&;xkd;onfh OD;cGefzkH;ukduGwfckdifjrdKUe,f? a[mf0g;wkdufe,fwGif 'l0gtrfaemfcrf;ESifh a':azmf

'gxk rdbESpfyg;rS arG;zGm;onf/a[mf0g;'l0gtrfcGefzkH;\ twKywdtusOf;csKyf 15-12-98 vufESdyfpufrl

{jyDv{jyD 1904 trfoD;vf (Lord

Ampthill) onf tdEd,bk&ifcHcsKyf &mxl;ukd vufcH aqmif&Gufonf/An Advanced History of IndiaP 1043

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42

ZGefv25 ZGef 1904 &efukefaumvdyfAk'bmom toif;wnfaxmif

onf/[efwif jrefrmEkdifiHawmfrSwfwrf;1

pm103

Zlvkdifv

14 Zlvkdif 1904 jrefrmEkdifiH'kwd, bk&ifcH bef;pfonfrEav;jrdKU "mwf&xm;vrf;ukdpwifzGifhvSpfay;onf/1/ a&Tukdif;om;tESpf 100 jynfhrEav; pm 291

2/ atmifrif;jrifhrD;&xm;orkdif;/ &efukef/ pmayAdrmefykHESdyf/ 1985/ pm 173

'DZifbmv'DZifb m 1904 umZkH (Baron

Curzon of Kedleston) onftdEd, bk&ifcHcsKyf&mxl;ukd vufcHaqmif&Gufonf/An Advanced History of IndiaP 1043

1904 aumfr&Sifemvrf; (,ckAkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;vrf;) rSwd&pmefkHa[mif;ukd uefawmfu

av; t&yfokdY ajymif; 0dwkd&d,txdrf;trSwf O,smOf (Victoria

Memorial Park 1904) [k trnf

ay;onf/wkdufpkd; *sLAvDa[m pm 6-7

1904-1905 k&S-*syefppfyGJwGif*syefEkdifiH atmifyGJ&&dSonf/A.W. PalmerA Dictionary of

Modern History (1789-1945)Pangiun Books 1964. P 354 :

hereafter cited as PalmerA

Dictionary of Modern History


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43

arv9 ar 1905 qm[m;bwfomu,f0dIuf (Hon. Sir Herbert

Thirkell White, K.C.I.E, I.C.S)onf jrefrmEkdifiH 'kwd,bk&ifcH&mxl;ukd vufcHaqmif&Gufonf/R.A.B 1905- 6 P 1

Ekd0ifbmvEkd0ifbm 1905 avmhrifwkd(LordMinto)onf tdEd,bk&ifcHcsKyf&mxl;ukd vufcH aqmif&Gufonf/An Advanced History of IndiaP 1043

'DZiffbmv5 'DZifb mv 1905 bifemref;(Sir Henry Champbell - Bann-

erman) onf t*FvefEkdifiH\ 0ef

MuD;csKyf&mxl;ukd vufcH aqmif&Gufonf/Prominent People P 118

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ausmfNidrf;

44

Zefe0g&Dv13 Zefe0g&D 1906 NAdwdoQtdrfa&SUpH a0vrif;om; (Prince of

Wales) aemif t*Fvefbk&ifGeorge V ESifh ZeD; &efukefwd&pmefO,smOfopfukd zGifhvSpfay;onf/wkdufpkd; *sLAvDa[m pm 7

azaz:0g&Dv17 azaz:0g&D 1906 a0vrif;om; rEav; r[mjrwfrkedbk&m;okdY oGm;a&muf zl;ajrmfonf/Fr Caroline Courtauld BurmaOdyssey Guides Publication

1999,P 156

{jyDv17 {jyD 1906 awmykef;MuD;pHzJ ukd

ompnfjrdKUe,f? *kHnif;EG,fbGJUjcm;&Gm OD;zkd;odef;? a':pHr,f rdbESpfyg;rS arG;zGm;onf/rm*"Dompnf e,fcsJUawmfvSefa&;orm;MuD; AkdvfpHzJ &efukef/ pmayAdrmefykHESdyf/ 1999/ pm 12/ aemifukd;

um;vQif rm*"Dompnf AkdvfpHzJ [knTef;rnf

1

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45

{jyD 1906 0kdiftrfbDat ac: Ak'bmomuvsmP,k0toif;ukdOD;bab (bMuD;bab)? a'guf

wmb&ifESifh trfatarmifMuD;wkdYpwif zGJUpnf;wnfaxmifonf/1/ The Burma's BuddhistMonthly Magazine Vol.II ,No. 1

Jun 19092/ bckdif jrefrmjynfEkdifiHa&; pm 38

3/ OD;bab]]0kdiftrfbDatorkdif;}} Ak'uvsmP,k0toif; a&T&wkpmapmif?

1956? pm 29

arv

21 ar 1906 yifvkHpmcsKyfvufrSwfa&;xkd;onfh cGefyef;pdef usrkdif;&mxl; cefYtyfcH&onf/ol&d,r*Zif; twGJ 11? trSwf 2?

1927 {jyD pm 53

atmufwkdb mv15 atmufwkdbm 1906 yifvkHpmcsKyf vufrSwfa&;xkd;onfh p0fEGHukd vJcsm;apmfbGm; p0fcGefvkdif;ESifhp0feef;qkdifrGef; rdbESpfyg;rS arG;

zGm;onf/jrefrmpG,fpkHusrf;ESpfcsKyf 1987 pm161-2

Ekd0ifbmv26 Ekd0ifb m 1906 oDaygrif;\yxr orD;awmf xdyfpkjrwfzk&m;

MuD;ESifh &wem*D&d tdrfawmf wHcg;rSL; *kdy,fbmkdq0efY (Go-pal

Bhaurao Sawant) wkdYrS orD;wkwk arG;zGm;onf/Desai, Deposed King ThibawP 63


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ausmfNidrf;

46

azaz:0g&D4 azaz:0g&D 1907 q&mawmfOD;Owr jrefrmEkdifiHrS *syefEkdifiH okdY

oGm;a&mufonf/ArmhacwfOD;b&if q&mawmfOD;Owr&efukef/ ormrdwykHESdyf/ ykHEdSyfESpfrod/pm 30/ aemifukd;um;vQif Armhacwf

OD;b&if OD;Owr [kTef;rnf

rwfv7 rwf 1907 q&mawmf OD;Owr*syefEkdifiH ,kdukd[m;rm;qdyfurf;okdY a&muf&dSonf/Armhacwf OD;b&if OD;Owr pm 30

15 rwf 1907 yifvkHpmcsKyfukdvufrSwfa&;xkd;onfh OD;aomifZmckyfukd wD;wdefjrdKU? qkdif;Zefaus;&GmwGif OD;'kdxGmvf? a':ykrfac:ref;rdbESpfyg;rS arG;zGm;onf/

OD;aomifZmckyf\ ukd,fa&;tcsuftvufrSwfwrf;/ vufESdyfpufrl

arv25 ar 1907 OD;Ek 1907-1995

(aemif jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEkdifiH0efMuD;csKyf) ukd 0g;c,frNrdKUOD;pHxGef;? a':apmcif rdbESpfyg;rS

1

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47

arG;zGm;onf/U Nu Saturday's Son, New

Haven and London Yale Univer -

sity Press 1975, P 3

31 ar 1907 tmZmenf p0fpHxGef;ukd rkdif;yGefjrdKUwGif rdkif;yGefapmfbGm; p0fcGefxD;ESifh eef;pdefOrdbESpfyg;rS arG;zGm;onf/

1/ tmZmenfMuD;rsm;\twKywd pm13

2/ inKd rkdif;yGefapmfb Gm;pyfpHxGef;/ &efukef? Ek,OfykHESdyf? 1956? pm 9

Mo*kwfv31 Mo*kwf 1907 txuf jrefrmEkdifiHESifh &ck difawmifwef;a'oe,fjcm; jzwfoef;a&;ESifh rjidrfroufa'orsm; pnf;rsOf;ukd &Srf;jynfe,fokd Y wkd;cs JYoufa&muf

aMumif; xkwfjyefaMunmonf/1/The Shan State Manual,

Yangon Govt printing,1933, P 271

:hereafter cited as The Shan

State Manual2/ The Burma GazetteNo 35,

31 Aug 1907,P P 707-9

'DZifbmv7 'DZifb m 1907 &JabmfokH;usdyf0if ocifxGef;tkyfudk jynfckdif?

oJukef;jrdKUe,f? okdufawm&Gmajrykdif&Sif OD;a&T? a':a&Tom; rdbESpfyg;rS arG;zGm;onf/jra'gif;ndK &JabmfokH;usdyf? &efukef?

ol&d,owif;pmwkduf? 1943? pm 25


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ausmfNidrf;

48

{jyDv8 {jyD 1908 tufpuGwf(Har-

bert H. Asquith)onf t*Fvef

EkdifiH\ 0efMuD;csKyf&mxl;ukd vufcH aqmif&Gufonf/Prominent People P 118

19 {jyD 1908 &efukefjrdKUay:&dS

0kdiftrfbDat toif;rsm;\ yxrtMudrftpnf;ta0;ukd &efukefjrdKUusKH;MuD;vrf;&dS 0dwkd&D,bk&ifrAk'bmomausmif; usif;yonf/1/ [efwif jrefrmEkdifiHawmfrSwfwrf;pm 105


ZGefv30 ZGef 1908 uif;0efrif;MuD;OD;aumif; yJcl;jrdKUwGif uG,fvGefonf/Maung Htin Aung ''First Burm-ese Mission to the Coult of St.

Jame's Kinwun Mingyi's Diaries

1872-74 ''JBRS Vol 57 P 1&2

1974

ZGefv 1908 jrefrmjynf Ak'bmomowif;pm (The Burman's

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49

Buddhist Monthly Magazine)pwifxkwfa0onf/The Burman's Buddhist

Monthly Magazie Vol I ,No I, Jun1908 1

9

0

9


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ausmfNidrf;

50

rwfv16 rwf 1909 armfvDrifwkd pDrHudef;t& jrefrmEkdifiH 'kwd,

bk&ifcH\ twkdifyifcH tBuHay;tzGJUukd tzGJU0if (9) OD;rS (17)OD; txd wkd;csJUzGJUpnf;EkdifcGifh &vmonf/1/ F.S.V Donnison PublicAdmi-nistration in Burma,

Glasgow, University Press 1953,

P 38 :hereafter cited asDonnisonPublic Administration in Burma2/ [efwif jrefrmEkdifiHawmfrSwfwrf;-1 pm 108

arv31 ar 1909 Ak'bmom uvsmP,k0toif; txl;tpnf;ta0;usif;y trIaqmifrsm; a&G;aumufwifajrmufonf/

[efwif jrefrmEkdifiHawmfrSwfwrf;1pm107

pufwifbmv10 pufwifb m 1909 yifvkHpm

csKyf vufrSwfa&;xkd;onfh 'l0gaZmfvGef;ukd rkd;armufjrdKUe,f? bef[kwfe,fpm; 'l0gaZmfa,mif? 'l*sef

vawmfrEm;eefcg; rdbESpfyg;rSarG;zGm;onf/jrefrmpG,fpkHusrf;ESpfcsKyf 1988 pm

195-6


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51

rwfv20 rwf 1910 &efukefjrdKUwGifAk'bmomuvsmP,k0 toif;

ESifhtvm;wltoif;rsm;\ tpnf;ta0;usif;yjyD; wyfaygif;pktoif;csKyftjzpfzGJUpnf;&efqkH;jzwfonf/OD;bkd;ajAUukd wyfaygif;pk toif;csKyfOD;pD;OD;aqmiftjzpfwifajrmuf

onf/[efwif jrefrmEkdifiHawmfrSwfwrf;-1pm 109

29 rwf 1910 jrefrmEkdifiH okawoetoif;ukd pwifwnfaxmifonf/Journal of The Burma Research

Society .FAP:1960 P 1-4,

{jyDv11 {jyD 1910 zvrf;e,frS wmpGef; csif;trsKd;om;acgif;aqmif


52/211

ausmfNidrf;

52

arv6 ar 1910 t*Fvefbk&if tuf'Gyf 7 (Edward VII)\ 'kwd,

ajrmufom;awmf a*smh 5 (GeorgeV) 1865-1936 onf t*FvefEkdifiH\ xD;eef;ukd qufcHonf/Prominent People P 64

19 ar 1910 jrefrmEkdifiH 'kwd,bk&ifcH qm[m;bwfomu,f0dIuf &mxl;rS EIwfxGufoGm;jyD; qm[m aA;t'rfqif (Sir Harvey

Adamson)M.A, LLD, K.T, KC.S.I, I.C.S onf jrefrmEkdifiH

'kwd,bk&ifcH tjzpf cefYtyfcH&onf/1/ R.A.B 1910 -11 P 2 2/ The Burma Gazette P 2,

4 Jun 1910, P 368

Zlvkdifv6 Zlvkdif 1910 &JabmfokH;usdyf0ifAkdvfae0if; (1910-2002) aemifjynfaxmifpkqkd&S,fvpf orwEkdifiH orwukd jynfckdif? aygif;

wnfjrdKUwGif OD;zkd;c? a':rdav;rdbESpfyg;rS arG;zGm;onf/

ausmfjidrf; &JabmfokH;usdyf &efukef/wuokdvfrsm;ykHESdyf/ 1998/ pm 55/aemifukd;um;vQif ausmfjidrf; &JabmfokH;

usdyf[kGTef;rnf/

Mo*kwfv30 Mo*kwf 1910 &JabmfokH;usdyf0if AkdvfrSL;atmifukd yJcl;wkdif;?ausmufwHcg;jrdKU OD;a&TrSef? a':

azmh rdbESpfyg;rS arG;zGm;onf/ausmfjidrf; &JabmfokH;usdyf pm 85

atmufwkdb mvatmufwkdb m 1910 ppfukdif;

wkdif;? jrif;rle,fwGif rif;avmif;armifoefYu jAdwdoQ tpkd;&ukdpwifykefuefawmfvSefonf/wuokdvfxifMuD; jrefrmEkdifiHowif;pmtTef;(y)/&efukef/ pmayAdrmefykHESdyf/1992/ pm 89/ aemifukd;um;vQif xif

MuD;owif;pmtnTef;(y) [knTef;rnf

Ekd0ifbmv7 Ekd0ifbm 1910 rif;avmif;armifoefY ppfukdif;wkdif;? jrif;rl&Jpcef;udk

wkdufckduf&m ta&;edrfhonf/wifjrifh t*Hawmifu armifoefY pm40


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53

Ekd0ifb m 1910 [m'if; (BaronHardinge of Penshurst) onftdE d,Ek difiHbk&ifcHcsKyf &mxl;ukd

vufcH aqmif&Gufonf/An Advanced History of IndiaP 1043

'DZifbmv

27-29 'DZifb m 1910 jrefrmEkdifiH 0kdiftrfbDattoif;rsm;ESifhtvm;wl toif;rsm;\ yxrtMudrfajrmuf EkdifiHvkH;qkdif&mtpnf;ta0;MuD;ukd &efukefjrdKUwGif usif;yonf/

The Burman's BuddhistMonthly Magazie Vol IV,No I, Jan

1911, P 63

1910 yifvkHpmcsKyf vufrSwfa&;xkd;onfh p0f,dyfzukd odEDjrdKUwGifodEDapmfbGm; cGefqHwkef[kef;? p0feef;crf;Mum rdbESpfyg;rS arG;zGm;onf/1/p0f,dyfz\ ukd,fa&; tcsuftvufrsm; vufEdSyfpufrl2/yxrtMudrf jynfolUvTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm;\ ukd,fa&;rSwfwrf;

tusOf;csKyf vufEdSyfpufrl

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54

Zefe0g&Dv17 Zefe0g&D 1911 &JabmfokH;usdyf0if Akdvfawmufxdefukd ysOf;r

em;jrdKUwGif OD;bkd;atmif? a':a&TjrrdbESpfyg;rS arG;zGm;onf/ausmfjidrf; &JabmfokH;usdyf pm 81

rwfv

rwfv 1911 jrefrmEkdifiHwGifvlOD;a& 12115217 (atmufjrefrmEkdifiHwGif 6212412? txufjrefrmEkdifiHwGif 5902805 )OD;&dSonf/R.A.B 1911-2 PP 25-7

Burma Hand Book 1944 P 10

{jyDv8 {jyD 1911 &JabmfokH;usdyf0ifAkdvfjrifhaqGudk jynfckdif? oJukef;

jrdKUe,f? o&ufwyif aus;&GmtzOD;zkd;armif? a':aiGyif rdbESpfyg;rS arG;zGm;onf/ausmfjidrf; &JabmfokH;usdyf pm 103

ZGefv21 ZGef 1911 rif;avmif;armifoefYtm; tdEd,&mZowfMuD; yk'fr

121 t& jypfrIxif&Sm; MudK;rdefYpD&ifcsufcsrSwfonf/wifjrifh t*Hawmifu armifoefY pm

67

Zlvkdifv4 Zlvkdif 1911 ol&d,owif;pmpwif xkwfa0onf/ol&d,owif;pm 25 ESpfajrmuf 4-7-

36 pm 36

Mo*kwfv29 Mo*kwf 1911 ol&d,owif;pm rif;avmif;armifoefY MudK;rdefY

pD&ifcsufukd t,lcHwifoGif;xm;&mif;t,lcHukdy,fjyD;vQifarmifoefYukd MudK;ay;vdrfhrnf[k owif;&&dSonf[k yg&dSonf/ol&d,owif;pm 29-8-31

30 Mo*kwf 1911 &JabmfokH;usdyf0if Akdvfvusfmukd ysOf;rem;jrdKUOD;pdefoGif? a':usifjrdKifrdbESpfyg;rS arG;zGm;onf/ausmfjidrf; &JabmfokH;usdyf pm 149


55/211


55

Zefe0g&Dv25 Zefe0g&D 1912 oDaygrif;\rdzk&m; pkzk&m;uav; tdEd,EkdifiH

&wem*D&djrdKU uG,fvGefonf/at;odef; &wem*D&drS oDaygrif;trSwfw& &efukef? &ckdifom;MuD;pmay?1994? pm 1563/ aemifukd;um;vQif/at;odef; oDaygrif; trSwfw& [kTef;rnf

rwfv10 rwf 1911 yifvkHpmcsKyf vufrSwfa&;xkd;onfh OD;uD,kdref;ukd[m;cg;NrdKU jrdKUa[mif; (qefoJ)

&yfuGufwGif OD;refusJtkd;? a':eDwvJrf; rdbESpfyg;rS arG;zGm;onf/OD;uD,kdref;\ ukd,fa&;rSwfwrf;

tusOf;csKyf vufESdyfpufrl

arv

23 ar 1911 jrefrmEkdifiH awmifMuD;jrdKUwGif ivsifvIyfonf/ivsifA[kdcsufrSm ajrmufvwDwG'f 21'D*&DESifh ta&SUavmif*sDwG'f 97 'D*&DwGif &dSjyD; tiftm;tqifhrSm rm

u,fvDpau; tqifh 9 jzpfonf/OD;rif;axG;aemif(ynma&;)jrefrmhivsif?&efukef? pmayAdrmefykHESdyf? 1978? pm

97

1

9

1

2


56/211

ausmfNidrf;

56

pufwifbmvpufwifb m 1911 [oFmwckdif?rkd;caus;&Gm? ruGJaus;&GmESif h

ozef;ukef; aus;&GmwkdYrS jAdwd oQtpkd;&ukd awmfvSefykefuefonf/uarmZjrifhvGif ESpf 200 rSwfwrf; pm

181

1

9

1

3


57/211


57

Zefe0g&Dv19 Zefe0g&D 1913 OD;ausmfjidrf;(aemifjynfaxmifpk jrefrmEkdifiH

'kwd,0efMuD;csKyf) ukd ysOf;rem;jrdKU OD;zkd;wkwf? a':a':okH rdbESpfyg;rS arG;zGm;onf/jrefrmpG,fpkHusrf;ESpfcsKyf 1987 pm

131-2

azaz:0g&Dv2 azaz:0g&D 1913 tmZmenfOD;tkef;armifukd rif;bl;jrdKUrpwmtdyfcsf'AvsLx&yf(wf)0def;? a':a&T jrifh rdbESpfyg;rS arG;zGm;onf/


17 azaz:0g&D 1913 yifvkHpmcsKyfvufrSwfa&;xkd;onfh OD;cGefapmukdyif;w,NrdKU OD;cifarmif+a':cif

cspf rdbESpfyg;rS arG;zGm;onf/NrdKUe,fat;csrf;om,ma&;ESifh zGHUjzdK;a&;aumifpD yif;w,NrdKU\ 26-7-1999 &ufpGJyg pmtrSwf 5^3-85^OD;

6

arv14 ar 1913 qma*smh0yfqefa&Sm(Sir George Watson Shaw, Kt,

C.S.I, I.C.S) onf acw 'kwd,bk&ifcHtjzpf aqmif&Gufonf/R.A.B 1913-14 P I

22 ar 1913 &efukefjrdKU tdrfawmf&mbk&m; om,m0wDrif;(1837-1846) &efukefa&muf&dSpOfacwaexkdifonfhajray: om;awmf yk*Hrif;u (1846-1852)wnfxm;onfhbk&m; xD;wifyGJusif;yonf/uarmZjrifhvGif ESpf 200 rSwfwrf; pm

193

ZGefv2 ZGef 1913 &efukefjrdKU ql;avbk&m;vrf;&dS jrLeDpDy,f rD;owftaqmuftODopf pwif zGifhvSpfonf/uarmZjrifhvGif ESpf 200 rSwfwrf; pm

193

4 ZGef 1913 &JabmfokH;usdyf0ifAdkvfva&mifukd rif;bl;jrdKU olaX;ukef;&yfuGuf OD;om'Gm;? a':aiG

oif rdbESpfyg;rS arG;zGm;onf/a&Twl*sme,f? twGJ 1?trSwf 12? 1-

8-71 pm 16-7


58/211

ausmfNidrf;

58

30 ZGef 1913 jrefrmjynfrD;oabFmolaX; rGefvlrsKd; OD;ematmuf (touf 81) armfvjrdKifjrdKUwGif uG,fvGefonf/aiGwm&Dr*Zif; 1989? azaz:0g&D? pm33-6

Zlvkdifv28 Zlvkdif 1913 ykodrfjrdKU puf&Sifw&m;kH;rS ZvGefolykefxrIjzifh

zrf;qD;w&m;pGJxm;aom aeol&defrif;om;bkd;oG,fESifh yef;oif;*rkef; q&mawmftm; ao'PftrdefYcsrSwfonf/uarmZjrifhvGif ESpf 200 rSwfwrf; pm

187

Ekd0ifb mv1 Ekd0ifbm 1913 qm[maA;t'rfqifonf a&SmxHrS 'kwd,bk&ifcHwm0efukd vGJajymif;,lonf/R.A.B 1913-14 P I

'DZifbmv10 'DZifb m 1913 &JabmfokH;usdyf0if AkdvfaZ,sukd tvkHjrdKUe,feef;awmfa&SU&GmwGif OD;cspfarmifa':pdefwkdif rdbESpfyg;rS arG;zGm;onf/

ausmfjidrf; &JabmfokH;usdyf pm 155

1

9

1

4


59/211


59

azaz:0g&Dv12 azaz:0g&D 1914 yifvkHpm

csKyfvufrSwfa&;xkd;onfh qrm;'l;0g;qif0g;aemfukd umrkdif;jrdKUe,fqrm;&GmwGif 'l0g;cGefqkdif;vD? 'l*sefrda&mefwl rdbESpfyg;rS zGm;jrifonf/a&Twl*sme,f? twGJ 1? trSwf 18? 1-

11-71

{jyDv28 {jyD 1914 &JabmfokH;usdyf0ifAkdvfapmatmifukd &efukefjrdKU urm

&GwfjrdKUe,f &Srf;pk&yfuGuf OD;bkd;nGefY a':a&TrSwf rdbESpfyg;rS arG;zGm;onf/ausmfjidrf; &JabmfokH;usdyf pm 71

arv10 ar 1914 0kdif trf bD attoif;csKyf\ EkdifiHvkH;qkdif&m 'kwd, ESpfywfvnfnDvmcHukd &efukefjrdKUwGif usif;yonf/ OD;ab K.S.

M(usufoa&aqmif a&TpvG,f

&rif;) ukd 0kdiftrfbDat toif;csKyfOu|tjzpfwifajrmufonf/[efwif jrefrmEkdifiHawmfrSwfwrf;-1

pm 131-4

ocifbarmif 0HomEk pm 19-20

17 ar 1914 &JabmfokH;usdyf0ifAkdvfxdef0if;ukd yJcl;ckdif? a&TusifjrdKU OD;vGef;armif? a':yGm; rdbESpfyg;rS arG;zGm;onf/ausmfjidrf; &JabmfokH;usdyf pm 95

ZGefv14 ZGef 1914 0kdiftrfbDattoif;wkduf tpnf;ta0;usif;yonf/ tpnf;ta0; Ou| OD;abu jrefrmjynfESifhwuG trsKd;

om;wkdY MuD;yGm;wkd;wuf&ef acwfumvtvkduf raumif;onfukdz,f aumif;aomt&mrsm;uk dvkduf jyKvkyfoifhaMumif;? *syefEkdifiHonf acwfumvtvkduf wkd;wufatmif aqmif&Gufojzifh rsm;pGm wkd;wufMuD;yGm;vmjyD; taemufEkdifiHom; k&Sm;ukdyif tEkdif&aMumif;ajymMum;onf/[efwif jrefrmEkdifiHawmfrSwfwrf;-1

pm 137

Zlvkdifv10 Zlvkdif 1914 OD;odef;azjrifh ukd


60/211

ausmfNidrf;

60

bkwvifjrdKU OD;b? a':jrifhrdbESpfyg;rS arG;zGm;onf/jrefrmpG,fpkHusrf;ESpfcsKyf 1979 pm

248-9

28 Zlvkdif 1914 MopMwD;,m;[efa*&D EkdifiHu qm;AD;,m;ukdppfaMunm&mrS yxrurmppfjzpfyGm;onf/PalmerA Dictionary of Modern

History P 354

Mo*kwfv4 Mo*kwf 1914 t*FvefEkdifiHu

*smreDukd ppfaMunmonf/PalmerA Dictionary of Modern

History P 354

15 Mo*kwf 1914 jrefrmhtvif;owif;pmukd &efukefNrdKU OD;a&TMuL;u xkwfa0onf/xifMuD; owif;pmtnTGef;(y) pm140

pufwifb mv21 pufwifbm 1914 jrefrmh

tvif; owif;pmwkdufrS ]]jrefrmhtvif; ppfaMu;eef;owif;}} ukdwkd;csJU xkwfa0onf/

xifMuD; owif;pmtnTGef;(y) pm140

'DZifbmv'DZifb mv 1914 yifvkHpmcsKyfvufrSwfa&;xkd;onfh p0fxGef;at;ukd &Srf;jynfe,f armfaemifa'owGif armfaemifapmfbGm; p0fcGefxD;? r[ma'0Dp0fcifxm; rdbESpfyg;rS arG;zGm;onf/jrefrmpG,fpkHusrf;ESpfcsKyf 1988 pm

175

1914 &JabmfokH;usdyf0if

AkdvfPukd jzL;jrdKUe,f? ausmufwkdifawmifaus;&GmwGif OD;byk?a':jrpf rdbESpfyg;rS arG;zGm;onf/ausmfjidrf; &JabmfokH;usdyf pm 135


61/211


61

azaz:0g&Dv13 azaz:0g&D 1915 trsKd;om;acgif;aqmif AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;

ukd ewfarmufjrdKUwGif a&SUaeOD;zma':pk rdbESpfyg;rS arG;zGm;onf/tmZmenfMuD;rsm;\twKywd pm 1

azaz:0g&D 1915 r[wr*ED&efukefNrdKUokdY a&muf&dSonf/tdEd, trsKd;om; acgif;aqmifMuD;r[wr*ED\ ESpf 100 jynfh arG;aeYtxdrf;trSwfjyyGJ &efukef? A[kdykHESdyf

wkduf? 1969? pm 3

{jyDv19 {jyD 1915 OD;AaqG 1915-1987 (aemifjynfaxmifpk jrefrmEkdifiHawmf0efMuD;csKyf)ukd xm;0,fckdif? tkef;yifuGif;&Gm OD;xGef;vIdif? a':yJav; rdbESpfyg;rS arG;

zGm;onf/jrefrmpG,fpkHusrf;ESpfcsKyf 1988 pm

226-7

1

9

1

5


62/211

ausmfNidrf;

62

Zlvkdifv1 Zlvkdif 1915 &JabmfokH;usdyf 0ifAkdvfpBufmukd &efukefjrdKU OD;

jrwfom a':oef;wif rdbESpfyg;rS arG;zGm;onf/ausmfjidrf; &JabmfokH;usdyf pm 185

atmufwkdbmv26 - 28 atmufwkdb m 19150kdiftrfbDat toif;csKyfMuD;\EkdifiHvkH;qkdif&m wwd,tMudrf ESpfywfvnfnDvmcHudk rEav;jrdKUwGif usif;yonf/ocifbarmif 0HomEk pm 23-30

28 atmufwkdkdb m 1915 jrefrm

EkdifiH 'kwd,bk&ifcH &mxl;wGifqm[mukwfbwvm (Sir. Spen

-cer Harcourt Butler) pwifaqmif&Gufonf/1/ The Burma Gazette, No 44,

30 Oct 1915,P 685

2/ R.A.B 1915-16 P 2

1915 jrefrmEkdifiH 'kwd,bk&ifcH\ twkdifyifcH tMuHay;tzGJUukdtzGJU0if 30 OD;txd wkd;csJUzGJUpnf;EkdifcGifh &vmonf/

DonnisonPublic Administrationin Burma P 39

1

9

1

6


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63

Zefe0g&Dv9 Zefe0g&D 1916 Ak'uvsmP,k0toif; vlMuD;rsm;\ tpnf;

ta0;ukd 0kdiftrfbDatkH; usif;yjyKvkyfjyD; 1915- 16 ckESpf twGuftoif;trIaqmifrsm;tjzpfOu| OD;ab (rif;wkdifyiftrwf)tusKd;awmfaqmif OD;yk (0wfvkHawmf&? a&Tusif)ESifh trIaqmiftzGJU0ifrsm;ukd a&G;aumufwifajrmufonf/[efwif jrefrmEkdifiHawmfrSwfwrf;-1

pm 167

{jyDv17 {jyD 1916 ref;0if;armif

1916-1989 (aemifjynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHawmf orw)ukd usKHaysmfjrdKUe,f? vSnf;qdyf&GmwGif OD;a&T&if? a':om,m rdbESpfyg;rS arG;zGm;onf/jrefrmpG,fpkHusrf;ESpfcsKyf 1990 pm

303-304

{jyD 1916 avmhcsrf;pzkdY (LordChelms ford)tdEd,bk&ifcHcsKyf&mxl;ukd vufcHaqmif&Gufonf/An Advanced History of India

P 1043

ZlvkdifvZlvkdif 1916 jrefrmEkdifiH 'kwd,bk&ifcH qm[mukwfbwvmu

tifyg,mpGJaumfrwD (The Im-perial Idea Commitee) ukdcefYtyf wm0efay;onf/ aumfrwDwGif tqifhjrihf jAdwdoQ t&m&dS&SpfOD;? omoemjyKq&m av;OD;ESifh

jrefrmvlrsKd;ESpfOD;yg0if onf/zGJUpnf;&onfh &nf&G,fcsuf rSmjAdwdoQtifyg,m twGif; yg0if&onfrSm jrefrmjynfoljynfom;wkdYtwGuf tzufzufrS wkd;wufaomaMumifh jAdwdoQ tifyg,m

ay:wGif opmcHvkdonfh pdwf"mwfrsm;ukd ausmif;ESifhaumvdyfrsm;rSwpfqifh oGif;ay;&ef jzpfonf/aumfrwDonf 1916 Mo*kwfvrS1917 Zefe0g&Dtxd vkyfief;wm

0efrsm; aqmif&GufjyD; 30 rwf1917 wGif tpD&ifcHpm wifoGif;cJhonf/1/ Report of the CommitteeAppointed to Ascertain and

Advice How the Imperial Idea

may be inclucated and Fostered

in Schools and Colleges in

Burma . Yangon 19172/ R.A.B 1916-17 P 112


64/211

ausmfNidrf;

64

3/ Cady, A History of ModernBurma (Second printing) New

York, Ithaca 1960,P 195 :here-

after cited as Cady, A History of

Modern Burma

atmufwkdbmvatmufwkdb m 1916 oDaygrif;\ 'kwd,orD;awmf t&Sifxdyfpk

jrwfzk&m;vwfonf cifarmifvwfESifh ckd;&mvkdufajy;onf/Desai, Deposed King Thibaw P74

14 - 16 atmufwkdb m 1916

0kdiftrfbDat toif;MuD;\ EkdifiHvkH;qkdif&mpwkwnDvmcHukd [oFmwjrdKUwGif usif;yonf/ocifbarmif 0HomEk pm 33-8

'DZifbmv1 'DZifb m 1916 tdEd,bk&ifcHcsKyf avmhcsrf;pzkdY &efukefjrdKUokdYa&muf&dSonf/R.A.B 1916-17 P 10

7 'DZifb m 1916 vdGKufa*smh (D.LLoyd George) onf t*Fvef

EkdifiH 0efMuD;csKyf&mxl; ukd vufcHaqmif&Gufonf/Prominent People P 118

9 'DZifb m 1916 yifvkHpmcsKyfvufrSwfa&;xkd;onfh OD;wif{ ukdanmifa&TNrdKUwGif OD;0kdif;? a':oG,frdbESpfyg;rS arG;zGm;onf/&Srf;jynfe,f EkdifiHh*kPf&nfbGJU&&dSol

yk*dKvfrsm;\ ukd,fa&;rSwfwrf;? 1982

15 'DZifb m 1916 jrefrmeef;usbk&ifoDaygrif; tdEd,EkdifiH &wem*D&djrdKUwGif uG,fvGefonf/

at;odef; oDaygrif;trSwfw& pm155

27 'DZifb m 1916 Akdvfatmifausmfukd t*FyljrdKUe,f? kH;Zif&GmwGif OD;ausmfxif? a':a&Tausmh

rdbESpfyg;rS arG;zGm;onf/jr[efukdvkdeDacwftb d"mef (wwd,tMudrf)? &efukef? wuokdvfrsm;ykHESdyf?1999? pm 201? aemifukd;um;vQif

jr[efukdvkdeDacwftbd"mef[kTef;rnf


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65

azazmf0g&Dv4 azaz:0g&D 1917 0kdiftrfbD attoif; ESpfywfvnf tpnf;

ta0;ukd &efukefjrdKU? vefuwfpwm (,cke0a';) vrf;&dS toif;wkduf usif;yonf/ Ou| tjzpfOD;ab(K.S.M,A.T.M) ukd a&G;aumufwifajrmufonf/[efwif jrefrmEkdifiHawmfrSwfwrf;-1

pm 207

yifvkHpmcsKyf vufrSwfa&;xkd;onfh OD;vbef*a&mif ukd vm;Id;jrdKU awmiftkyf OD;vbef&Sif*&pf

ESifh a':at; rdbESpfyg;rS arG;zGm;onf/jrefrmpG,fpkHusrf;ESpfcsKyf 1999 pm

279

rwfv2 rwf 1917 &JabmfokH;usdyf0ifAkdvf&efatmifukd vSnf;ul;jrdKUe,f'g;ydefaus;&Gm aps;ykdi f;&yfwGifOD;batmif? a':odef;jr rdbESpfyg;rS arG;zGm;onf/


1

9

1

7


66/211

ausmfNidrf;

66

17 rwf 1917 &JabmfokH;usdyf0ifAkdvfAvukd armfvjrdKifuRef;jrdKUe,fusKdufyd&Gm OD;ausmf[ef a':odef;

rdbESpfyg;rS arG;zGm;onf/ausmfjidrf; &JabmfokH;usdyf pm 119

Zlvkdifv5 Zlvkdif 1917 yJcl;jrdKUwGif ivsif

vIyf a&Tarma"mapwDtxufykdif;&dS iSufaysmzl;? azmif;&pf? MumarSmufMumvef? acgif;avmif;ykHtxd jydKusonf/OD;vlaz0if; a&Tarmfa"morkdif;opf&efukef? oDwmat;ykHESdyf? 1954? pm 1-

2

Mo*kwfv20 Mo*kwf 1917 jAdwdoQtpkd;&tdEd,EkdifiHqkdif&m 0efMuD; rGefaw*l (Edwin Montagu 1879-

1924)u jAdwdoQygvDref atmufvTwfawmf jrefrmjynf tygt0if tdEd,EkdifiHtm; jAdwdoQtifyg,m twGif;rS wjznf;jznf;ukd,fykdif tkyfcsKyfa&; ay;tyfrnf

[k aMunm onf/xkdaMunmcsufwGif1/ jAdwdoQtpkd;&onf jrefrmEkdifiH

tkyfcsKyfrI wkdif;&if;om;wkdYtm;ykdrkdxnfhoGif;jyD; ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfaom EkdifiHwpfcktjzpfokdY a&muf

apjcif;iSm tkyfcsKyfa&;rsm;ukd wpwp ay;tyfrnf/2/ jAdwdoQtpkd;&\ tdEd,EkdifiHqkdif&m twGif;0efMuD;onf tdEd,okdY oGm; tdEd,bk&ifcHcsKyf avmhcsrf;pzkdYESifhtwl tajctaeukd pkHprf; tpD&if cH&rnf/3/ tkyfcsKyfrI jyKjyifajymif;vJay;&ef pDrHcsufrsm;ukd NAdwdoQygvDrefokdY wifoGif;aomtcg wkdif;oljynfom;wkdY\ ukd,fpm;vS,f

rsm;ukd aqG;aEG;cGifhay;rnf[k yg&dSonf/1/ Hansard20 Aug1917, Col

1695 2/ Cady, A History of ModernBurma P 199 -2003/ OD;av;armif jrefrmEkdifiHa&;orkdif;(y) &efukef? pmayAdrmefykHESdyf? 1973?pm 124? aemifukd;um;vQif OD;av;armif jrefrmEkdifiHa&;orkdif; (y) [kTef;

rnf


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67

pufwifbmv26 pufwifbm 1917 &JabmfokH;usdyf0if Akdvfrif;a&mifukd &ef

ukefjrdKU ykZGefawmifjrdKUe,f a&ausmf&yfwGif OD;zkd;xif? a':oif;jrdKif rdbESpfyg;rS arG;zGm;onf/ausmfjidrf; &JabmfokH;usdyf pm 119

atmufwkdbmv2 - 4 atmufwkdbm 19170kdiftrfbDat toif;csKyfMuD;\EkdifiHvkH; qkdif&m yrtMudrfnDvmcHukdysOf;rem;jrdKUwGif usif;yonf/nDvmcHwGif tdEd,EkdifiHqkdif&m

twGif;0ef rpwmrGefaw*l tdEd,okdY jyKjyifajymif;vJaom tkyfcsKyfa&;twGuf pkHprf;&efvmaomtcg0kdiftrfbDattoif;csKyf\ ukd,fpm;vS,frsm; rpwmrGefaw*lESifh

oGm;a&mufawGUqkH jrefrmjynftwGufta&;qkd&ef qkH;jzwfonf/toif;csKyfOu| tjzpf OD;abukdqufvufwifajrmufonf/1/ ocifbarmif 0HomEk pm 43-82/ OD;av;armifjrefrmEkdifiHa&;orkdif;(y) pm 125

6 atmufwkdb m 1917 &JabmfokH;usdyf0if Akdvfrkd;ndKukd &efukefjrdKUurm&Gwf? &Srf;pk&GmwGif OD;b&Sif

a':aiGoif rdbESpfyg;rS arG;zGm;onf/ausmfjidrf; &JabmfokH;usdyf pm 63

atmufwkdbm 1917 &JabmfokH;usdyf0if Akdvfvif;,kefukdawmifiljrdKU OD;atmifodef;? a':a':pdrf; rdbESpfyg;u zGm;jrifonf/ausmfjidrf; &JabmfokH;usdyf pm 115

Ekd0ifb mv14 Ekd0iffb m 1917 &Jabmf

okH;usdyf0if Akdvfjrifhatmifukdyef;awmif;jrdKUe,f? ol&Jwef; aus;&GmwGif OD;yef;? a':ouf&Snf rdbESpfyg;rS arG;zGm;onf/ausmfjidrf; &JabmfokH;usdyf pm 91

22 Ekd0ifbm 1917 rpwm 'A vsLtufzfkdufpf (Mr. Walter Francis

Rice, C.S.I) tm; jrefrm EkdifiH'kwd,bk&ifcH qm[mukwf bwvmu &mxl;wm0ef vTJajymif;ay;onf/

R.A.B 1917-18 P 2


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2/ ocifbarmif 0HomEk pm 51-23/ Cady, A History of ModernBurma P 200n

28 Ekd0ifb m 1917 0kdiftrfbDatukd,fpm;vS,frsm;jzpfonfh OD;ab?OD;aratmif? OD;pkESifh OD;babwkdY

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pm 247-252

'DZifbmv17 'DZifb m 1917 jreffrmEkdifiH'kwd,bk&ifcH kdufpfu qm&,f*sDe,f u&ufa'guf (Sir Reginald

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&,f*sDe,fu&ufa'guf onf 15azaz:0g&D 1918 wGif jrefrmEkdifiH'kwd,bk&ifcH &mxl; twnfjyKceftyfcH&onf/1/ The Burma Gazette Extra

Ordinary , 11 Dec 19172/ R.A.B 1917-18 P 2

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208

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pm 244

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181-2

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Proposals 1918) ukd wifoGif;onf/ tpD&ifcHpmwGif tdEd,EkdifiH

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1918 (CMD 9109) P 162 Para

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11 Ekd0ifb m 1918 yxrurm

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History P 355

30 Ekd0ifb m 1918 &JabmfokH;usdyf0if AkdvfausmfaZmukd okH;q,fjrdKUe,f? qkdif;pkaus;&GmwGifOD;yef;? a':wif rdbESpfyg;rS arG;zGm;onf/


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1/ ol&d,r*Zif; twGJ-4? trSwf-3?1920? ar? pm 2

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959

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1

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pm 394-403

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2/ ocifbarmif 0HomEk pm 82-7

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a&;rl)


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77

29 atmufwkdb m 1919 Ak'bmom ausmif;uefbk&m;rsm;wGifbdeyfpD;eif; 0ifa&mufoGm;vmjcif;

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135

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1

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1 pm 398


21 Ekd0ifb m 1919 &JabmfokH;usdyf0if AkdvfZifa,mfukd &efukef

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pm 399

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23 'DZifbm 1919 jAdwdoQygvDrefu 1919 tdEd,tufOya'ukd

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79

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e,f? uGrf;NcH&GmwGif OD;b? a':a&TcJ rdbESpfyg;rS arG;zGm;onf/ausmfjidrf; &JabmfokH;usdyf pm 39

4 Zefe0g&D 1920 abyk&dSef jrefrm

ukd,fpm;vS,ftzGJU t*FvefEkdifiHrSjrefrmEkdifiHokdY oabFmjzifh jyefvnfxGufcGmonf/ocifbarmif 0HomEk pm 88

azaz:0g&Dv6 azaz:0g&D 1920 abyk&dSefjrefrmukd,fpm;vS,ftzGJU &efukefjrdKUokdY a&muf&dSonf/[efwif jrefrmEkdifiHawmfrSwfwrf;-1

pm 407

29 azaz:0g&D 1920 0kdiftrfbDat jynfvkH;uRwf tpnf;ta0;ukd *sLAvDa[mwGif usif;yonf/abyk&dSdef ukd,fpm;vS,ftzGJUu jrefrmEkdifiH tkyfcsKyfa&; jyKjyifajymif;

vJa&;twGuf t*FvefEkdifiHwGifMudK;yrf;cJhrIrsm;tm; wifjyonf/ocifbarmif 0HomEk pm 93

1

9

2

0


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ausmfNidrf;

80

rwfv25 rwf 1920 yifvkHpmcsKyfvufrSwfa&;xkd;onfh OD;cGefxD;ukd

vJcsm;NrdKUwGif vkH;cGefZH? ygeef;pHrdbESpfyg;rS arG;zGm;onf/&Srf;jynfe,f EkdifiHh*kPf&nfb GJU&&dSolrsm;

\ ukd,fa&;rSwfwrf; vufESdyfpufrl

jrefrmEkdifiH'kwd,bk&ifcHu&ufa'gufwifjyonfh jrefrmEkdifiHtkyfcsKyfa&; jyKjyifajymif;vJa&; pDrHudef;ukd tdEd,bk&ifcHcsKyf csrf;pzkdYESifh tdEd,tpkd;&u oabmwlonf/

1/ ocifbarmif 0HomEk pm 942/ Cady, A History of ModernBurma P 206

arv2 ar 1920 0kdiftrfbDat toif;u MuD;rSL; *sLAvDa[m vlxktpnf;ta0; usif;yum u&ufa'guf pDrHudef;ukd uefYuGufaMumif; qkH;jzwfonf/[efwif jrefrmEkdifiHawmfrSwfwrf;-1

pm 425-431

29 ar 1920 0kdiftrfbDattoif;ESifh EkdifiHvkH;qkdif&mtoif;tzGJUrsm;\ qkH;jzwfcsuft&jrefrm

EkdifiHtm; 'kdiftmcDac: yl;wGJwm0efcHtkyfcsKyfa&;&&dSatmif awmif;qkd&ef OD;bab? OD;yk(a&Tusif)ESifh0wfvkHawmf& OD;odrf;armif (azykarmif) ukd,fpm;vS,ftzGJU t*FvefEkdifiHokdY xGufcGmonf/

[efwif jrefrmEkdifiHawmfrSwfwrf;-1pm 437-501

ZGefv2 ZGef 1920 t*FvefEkdifiHoGm;a&mufcJhonfh jrefrmukd,fpm;vS,f

tzGJU0ifwpfOD;jzpfol OD;xGef;&dSefuG,fvGefonf/ocifbarmif 0HomEk pm 98

7 ZGef 1920 OD;armifarmifc1920-1995 aemif jynfaxmifpk

qkd&S,fvpforw jrefrmEkdifiHawmf0efMuD;csKyf ukd &efukefNrdKU OD;cspfaz a':cifwifh rdbESpfyg;rS arG;zGm;onf/yxrtMudrf jynfolYvTwfawmfukd,fpm;

vS,frsm;\ ukd,fa&;rSwfwrf; tusOf;

csKyf(&efukefwkdif;) 1974 pm 34jrefrmpG,fpkHusrf;ESpfcsKyf 1996 pm

262-4


81/211


81

30 ZGef 1920 abykarmif ukd,fpm;vS,ftzGJU t*FvefEkdifiHa&muf&dSonf/

ocifbarmif 0HomEk pm 97

Zlvkdifv5 Zlvkdif 1920 abykarmif ukd,fpm;vS,ftzGJU tdEd,EkdifiH jyKjyif

ajymif;vJa&; tkyfcsKyfa&;aumfrwDESifh awGUqkHpOf jrefrmhvkdvm;csufrsm; ajymMum;onf/ocifbarmif 0HomEk pm 118

18 Zlvkdif 1920 jrefrmEkdifiH jyK

jyifajymif;vJa&;toif; (BurmaReform League)tpnf;ta0;usif;y &efukefwuokdvf Oya'ukduefYuGufonf/Burma Observer 24-7-1920

20 Zlvkdif 1920 abykarmifukd,fpm;vS,ftzGJUu rpwmrGefaw*lxH jrefrmjynfrS ay;ykdYvkdufaom pmwrf;ukd wifoGif;onf/1/ [efwif jrefrmEkdifiHawmfrSwfwrf;-

1 pm 5012/ ocifbarmif 0HomEk pm 119

Mo*kwfv1 Mo*kwf 1920 0kdiftrfbDattoif;rS MuD;rSL; *sLAvDa[m

wGif &efukefwuokdvf tufOya'ukd uefYuGufonfh vlxktpnf;ta0; usif;yonf/1/ OD;av;armifjrefrmEkdifiHa&;orkdif;(y) pm 247

2/ Cady

Myanmar Historical Dateline 1886-1942

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Transcript of Myanmar Historical Dateline 1886-1942