My Technoguide for Ampalaya Production Part 1

8/11/2019 My Technoguide for Ampalaya Production Part 1

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Technoguide for Ampalaya Production Part 1I. Introduction

Bittergourd (Momordica charantia Linn.), ampalaya in Tagalog or parya inIloko, is one of the most important commercial and backyard fruit vegetables in

the country because of its nutritive and medicinal value. The fruits containcalcium, phosphorus, iron, carbohydrates, and vitamins A, B, and C.

Advanced commercial cultivation of ampalaya used to be concentrated inRegions III (Central Luzon) and IV (Southern Tagalog). Although Ilocos Nortehad the 5th biggest harvested area in 2001 (BAS), production was largelytraditional yielding only about 6 tons per ha. Recent claims that ampalayahelps cure diabetes have boosted market demand and encouraged manyIlocano farmers to modernize its cultivation.

Two types of ampalaya are being grown locally. One is the long, dark green,

and less warty type; the other is the short and warty, and more bitter pinakbettype. The crop can be planted anytime of the year. However, it is best to plantin July and August (wet season) for better prices, and in October (dry season)to take advantage of available soil moisture.

II. Varieties

It pays to select varieties which are high-yielding, early-maturing, tolerant topests and diseases, adapted to local climatic conditions, and easy-to-sell. Thefollowing varieties were tested in Currimao, Ilocos Norte from wet season 2005to dry season 2007:

Variety Maturity Fruit Characteristics OtherCharacteristics

Galaxy 45-50 dark green, 33 cm tolerant to virus

Bonito mproved native, olerant to virus, early-

Sta. Rita 55-60 light green, 28 cm tolerant to downySta. Fe 48-53 light green, 34 cm tolerant to downy

Makiling- trongly tolerant to

Mayon olerant to virus and

DAS Days after sowing


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III. Land Preparation

Plow clayey and weedy elds at least twice to help eliminate weeds, hibernatinginsect pests, and soil-borne diseases.

The best time to plow the eld is when a ball does not form when the soil issqueezed by hand and only a thin lm of the soil sticks to the ngers and palm.Plow at a depth of 15-20 cm.

Harrow twice to break the clods and level the eld. A well - pulverized soilpromotes good soil aeration and enhances root formation.

IV. Raising Seedlings Ampalaya can be directly seeded or transplanted. Transplanting is recommended for hybrid seeds, and for off-season planting tominimize the exposure of young plants to unfavorable weather conditions andreduce plant mortality.

Follow these steps in raising seedlings in plastic trays.

1. Pre-germinating the seeds: The ampalaya seed coat is hard and waxy. It takes 7-8 days before the seedgerminates. Emergence can be hastened by pre-germinating the seeds. An areaof 1000 m2 (tenth of a hectare) requires about 120 g of seeds. One gram (g)contains around 5 seeds.
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Ampalaya seeds

a. Cut the longer tip of the seed with a nail cutter to facilitate absorption ofwater.

cutting the seed tip

b. Soak the seeds in water for 30 minutes. soaking seeds.
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soaking seeds

c. Spread the seeds in a wet, clean cotton cloth for a more uniform absorptionof moisture, and roll the cloth.

wrapping seeds

d. Incubate in a safe dark place until the radicles come out, which takes 2-3days.
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incubating seeds

e. Wash the seeds everyday to prevent fungal growth. Seeds germinate easily at

250C to 300C (normal room temperature); longer when temperature is low orcold.

2. Preparing the sowing materials:

a. Prepare the following sowing medium.

2 parts rice straw compost 4 parts carbonized rice hull (CRH) 1 part processed chicken manure (PCM)

sowing materials

b. Mix the materials thoroughly.
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mixing the medium using a garden shovel

c. Fill the holes of the tray with the medium, and slightly compact it using yourpalm.

lling up seedling trays with the sowing medium

d. Use a seedling tray with 100 or 104 holes. The volume of medium in eachhole contains enough nutrients to sustain the seedling until transplantingtime.

seedling tray
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3. Sowing: a. Sow one pre-germinated seed per hole of the plastic tray at adepth of 1.5 cm.

Proper sowing of seeds b. Cover the seed with enough medium.

covering trays

c. Water the seeds using a sprinkler with ne droplets. d. Cover the tray with old newspaper, plastic sack, or rice straw to maintainsoil moisture and temperature.e. Remove the cover as soon as the seeds have sprouted.

4. Caring for and maintaining the seedlings:

a. Place the trays on the platforms of a simple nursery.b. Roof the nursery with transparent plastic sheets during the rainy season;plastic nets or chicken wire during the dry season. The nursery minimizesexposure of the seedlings to extreme hot weather, heavy rains, and protectsthem from stray animals.
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seedling nursery

c. Water early in the morning and afternoon. Apply less water during rainy andcloudy days. The seedlings weaken and elongate with too much water.

Ampalaya seedlings

Technoguide for Ampalaya Production Part 2V. Construction of Planting Beds and Furrows

1. With plastic mulch

Construct two planting beds 0.5 m wide and 20 cm high each. Provide a 4.0 mspace between them for the trellis. Provide 0.5 m space between the twoadjacent beds (refer to Fig.1) to serve as canal for furrow irrigation, or drainagefor excess water during rainy season.
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Fig.1 Field layout when using plastic mulch

2. Conventional method (no mulch) Construct a pair of furrows (dry months)or ridges (rainy months) 4.0 m apart. Construct the succeeding pairs offurrows/ ridges parallel to the rst, and provide a 0.5 m space between eachpair of furrows/ridges (refer to Figures 2 & 3).

Fig. 2 Field layout for conventional method using ridges
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Fig. 3 Field layout for conventional method using furrows

VI. Fertilizer Application

Collect soil samples for analysis at the nearest Soils Laboratory. Applyfertilizers based on the results of the analysis. Otherwise, use the followingrecommended rates:

applying fertilizer1. With plastic mulch

Basal

Apply the following fertilizers every 10 linear meters of the planting bed:
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1 kg PCM or any commercial organic fertilizer 1 kg ammonium phosphate (16-20-0) 0.40 kg ammonium sulfate (21-0-0) 0.20 kg muriate of potash (0-0-60)

Cover the fertilizers with soil, or mix them thoroughly with the soil in the bed.

Sidedress

Drench 170 ml (1 small can of sardines) of fertilizer solution per hill. Preparethe drenching solution by thoroughly dissolving the fertilizer in water. Refer tothe table below for the recommended schedule, and source and amount offertilizer to apply.

2. Conventional method (unmulched)

Basal

Apply every 10 linear meters:

1 kg PCM or any commercial organic fertilizer 1 kg 16-20-0 (ammonium phosphate)

Cover the fertilizers with soil or mix them thoroughly with the soil in the bed.

Sidedress

Sidedress at two points 20 cm away from the base of the plant until 6 WAT. At9 and 12 WAT, dibble the fertilizer at the midpoint (50 cm) between plantsalong the rows. From 15 WAT onwards, broadcast the fertilizer betweenadjacent furrows or ridges, then irrigate. Refer to the table below for therecommended schedule and source and amount of fertilizer to apply.

For both mulched and unmulched ampalaya, apply at least 20 kg compost and3 kg CRH/10 linear meters to improve soil fertility, aeration, and moistureretention.

VII. Plastic Mulching

The use of plastic mulch to cover the beds is an improved technology forampalaya production. It controls weeds, preserves soil moisture, prevents soilerosion, minimizes leaching of fertilizers, and reects sunlight to repel insectpests hiding under the leaves.

The net income from ampalaya with plastic mulch of one farmer- partner inCurrimao, Ilocos Norte during wet season 2006 was higher by 30% than


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unmulched ampalaya. Mulched plants had better crop stand and yieldedhigher.

without plastic mulch with plastic mulch1. Setting up the plastic mulch: a. Cut the material lengthwise to make 0.6 mwide sheets.

setting up mulchb. Stretch the plastic mulch over the planting bed, with the silver color on top.
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fastening mulchc. Fasten the edges of the plastic mulch to the soil with bamboo slats spaced 1m apart.

If bamboo slats are not available, cover its edges with soil using a rake, or bypassing a moldboard plow near the edges.

2. Making the planting holes:

a. Measure 1.0 m planting distance along the center of the plastic mulch and

mark the spots.b. Make the holes following any of these three ways:

Using a serrated-lipped tin can: cut the lip of a 7-10 cm diameter tin canwith metal scissors to form 1-cm long saw- like edges. Push the can onthe marked planting spots of the plastic sheet, serrated side down.
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making holes with serrated tin can

Using a hot tin can: punch small holes using a nail at the sides andbottom of a 7-10 cm diameter tin can. Attach a wooden or bamboohandle. Fill the can with burning charcoal. The small holes ventilate thecharcoal to keep it burning.

punching holes with a hot tin can

Using a cutter: cut intersecting lines 7- 10 cm long to form + or x at themarked planting spots. During transplanting, fold up the 4 aps to formsquare planting holes.
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making holes with a cutterVIII. Transplanting

Flood the planting beds or furrows two days before transplanting to dissolvethe fertilizers applied and cooldown the soil under the plastic mulch.

1. Transplant 13 to 15 day- old seedlings, which should now have 2-3 trueleaves. Water thoroughly the seedlings in the trays to facilitate pulling andavoid root injury.

Do not allow the seedlings to stay too long in the tray and overgrow. Oldseedlings will have poor root development.

seedlings for transplanting

2. Transplant only one seedling per hole preferably in the afternoon.
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A 1000 m2 area (10th of a hectare) requires 500 seedlings, mulched orunmulched.

In mulched beds, water the transplants with a seedlings for transplanting one

seedling per hole

sprinkler immediately after transplanting; in furrows and ridges, irrigate hill tohill with an irrigation hose.

one seedling per hole

IX. Irrigation Irrigate once a week during the dry season, and as needed during the wetseason. Irrigate every after fertilizer application.

X. Trellising

Ampalaya grows best with overhead trellis about 1.8 m high. The trellis mustbe taller than the farmer to facilitate harvesting. Construct the trellis twoweeks after transplanting, as tendrils start to grow.

Erect madre de cacao or ipil-ipil posts at the 4 outer ends of the pair ofplanting beds. Make the frame of the overhead trellis using bamboo poles.Reinforce the structure with bamboo posts spaced 2-3 m along the length ofboth sides of the trellis.

Tie strings, 45 cm apart, at the top and both sides of the structure parallel tothe length of the beds. Do the same across the structure to form the squarenetting at the sides (vertical trellis) and on top (horizontal trellis) where the
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Prune all sideshoots or lateral vines that do not reach the horizontal trellis toavoid overcrowding, favorable to nesting of pests. Also remove old andunproductive vines.

Technoguide for Ampalaya Production Part 3 XII. Pests and their Management

1. Fruitfl y, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) , is the most damaging insectpest of ampalaya causing 17% damage on fruits during WS 2006 in Batac,Ilocos Norte. Farmers claimed more than 50% yield loss during the dry seasondespite weekly spraying of chemical insecticide.

adult Bactrocera cucurbitae

The fruitfl y lays its eggs on young fruits which later hatch into small worms orlarvae that number 10-35 individuals per fruit. They bore into the fruits andeat the fl esh and young seeds.

larvae feeding on ampalaya fruits Symptoms of their presence include deformed fruits that turn orange or yellowprematurely.
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The fruitfl y is not easy to manage because the adult is a good fl yer and cantravel long distances.

unmarketable fruits infested with fru

The insect can be managed by removing regularly all damaged fruits everyharvesting time and burying them under the ground or decomposing them insealed plastic bags.

old and infested leaves and fruits decomposing in plastic bags

Wrap young fruits with old newspaper, plastic bags (ice bag), or used clothingto prevent fruitfl ies from laying eggs on the fruits.
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fruits wrapped in paper 2. Aphids, Aphis gossypii Glover , suck the sap of leaves. This results incurling and yellowing of leaves, stunted growth, and even death of the wholeplant. More importantly, the aphid is a vector of the cucurbit aphid-borne

yellow virus (CABYV) which is similar to the namamarako disease inampalaya.

namamarako disease in ampalaya The virus disease causes curling, thickening, and yellowing of leaves, significantly decreasing in female fl owers and consequently fruits. The virus diseaseis managed by destroying infested plants to prevent further spread.

Monitor the plants regularly for the initial infestation of aphids. Remove theleaves or uproot the whole plant if necessary. Control aphids by spraying wateror chilli-soap solution at high pressure that will dislodge the pests from theplant, disrupting their life cycle.

Control the ants that carry aphids to the plants by spraying them with anygreen-label insecticide like methomyl or carbaryl. Do not use pyrethroids that
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are purely contact insecticides with no fumigating effects, hence cannot reachthe aphids underneath the leaves. Read the label and follow strictly theinstructions to avoid contamination.

The growth of sooty molds is an indirect damage due to the honeydew secreted

by the aphids. Such growth hampers photosynthesis that fi nally kills theplant.

3. The leafroller, Diaphania indica (Saunders) , rolls young leaves when thefoliage is dense especially during the vegetative stage. Too much nitrogenfertilizer results in very dense and green foliage that favors the prevalence ofthe pest. Its larvae could feed on fruits, making them unmarketable. Removingrolled leaves and crushing the larvae can help control the pest, especially if thearea planted is not too big. Apply only the needed nitrogen fertilizer. In wide-scale planting, a biological insecticide or stomach poison, halt, can besprayed late in the afternoon to control up to 3rd instar larvae only. Bigger

larvae cannot be killed. If no chemical spraying is done, wasps can kill up to92% of the larvae.

XIII. Harvest and Post-harvest Handling

harvestable ampalaya

Harvesting starts within 30-40 days after transplanting, and can be done twicea week. Harvest fruits according to the demand of the market. Harvestablefruits are shiny, preferably 9-14 days from pollination. For the pinakbet of theIlokanos, harvest younger fruits. Harvest fruits early in the morning andprotect them from the sun, rain, and mechanical damage. Remove damagedfruits and sort according to market standards. Pack in plastic bags, carton orplastic crates. Fruits can be kept fresh for 3-4 days under this condition.
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ampalaya for sorting and packing

ampalaya packed in plastic bags Why invest in agricultural inputs?Production or trade of agricultural inputs can be a rewarding investmentprovided that some basic requirements are observed. Agricultural inputs referto goods and services used for the production of agricultural products.Examples of these in crop production are seeds/planting materials, fertilizer(either inorganic or organic), and pesticides. In livestock, examples of inputsare feeds and veterinary products. Labor is an integral input in any agricultural
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enterprise so that provision of labor can be viable enterprise in itself. Forinstance in mango production, there are businesses which train and maintainfruit baggers and offer fruit bagging service to mango producers. Provision ofservice with farm machines such as tractors and threshers has also become agood source of income.

This investment brief serves as a guide in starting up an enterprise whichwould supply the needs of farmers for certain agricultural inputs. It providesgeneral tips to consider before embarking on the business.

General tips Identify the investment opportunities in the area Agricultural inputs support the production of certain agricultural outputs. It isthen important to first identify what are the major agricultural outputs in thelocality. This information can easily be obtained from the Municipal

Agricultural Office (MAO). In general, an agricultural input enterprise is moreprofitable and sustainable if it supplies to the input needs of the majoragricultural products in the area. Determine the current gaps in supply and demand Potential demand for inputs in your locality can easily be estimated for certainagricultural products. For instance, if you want to estimate the total fertilizerrequirement (e.g., 14-14-14) for palay in your municipality, you simply get theinformation on total palay hectarage in your municipality and the averagenumber of bags of complete fertilizer applied per cropping. This informationcan easily be obtained from the MAO. If total hectarage is 5,000 and theaverage application of complete fertilizer is 4 bags/ha, then your municipalityneeds at least 20,000 bags of complete fertilizer per cropping or 40,000 bagsper year assuming two croppings per year. The same estimation can be donefor other commodities which need complete fertilizer.Supply can easily be estimated by discretely interviewing the current suppliersof agricultural inputs in your municipality. Agricultural input traders (e.g.,stores selling fertilizer, chemicals, feeds,veterinary supplies, etc.) are normallylocated in the main municipal market or town capital. Absence of input tradersin your municipality clearly indicates that farmers are buying their inputs from
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other towns. This means that putting up one in your municipality could be alucrative venture. However, when there are existing input traders, you have todetermine how much they are supplying and compare this to the estimateddemand. If the supply is less than the demand, there is a supply-demand gap.

This means that the existing market can still accommodate a new entrant.

Diversify your product lines Have as many product lines as possible so that your business can serve as asort of a one-stop-shop for agricultural inputs. Farmers normally need severaltypes of inputs and they would prefer to purchase from a store where all theirneeds can be met, both for convenience and to minimize their transportationcost. Deciding on the proper mix of products can be guided by your estimatesof supply and demand gaps for each input. For instance, if certain chemicalinsecticides that are commonly used in your municipality are in deficit then

you can have more of these products in your product lines. Aim for consignment basis with your suppliers It is common for input suppliers (i.e., companies and distributors) to agree on

consignment basis provided you are able to maintain good credit standing.Consignment is highly advantageous since this will allow you to minimize riskof losses associated with unwanted stocks. It may also enable you to havemany different products with minimum capital requirement. Locate your business nearest the majority of your clients

The choice of location is crucial and can often define success or failure of yourenterprise. Most input traders are located in the town's center of commerce,usually the main public market. Such location is usually critical, but notalways. As a general rule, it is more important to set up your business nearestthe majority of your clients for greater accessibility. It is also advisable tochoose a site nearest the terminal of the main means of transportation (e.g.,tricycles or jeepneys) in your locality. Aim for greater sales volume than high mark-up per product One common fault in input trading is the tendency of traders to charge highprices to maximize profit Actually, this practice leads to lower total profitbecause total volume of sales decreases over time. It is always a better strategyto keep the mark-up per product as low as possible to encourage clients topatronize your products and achieve high sales volume.

Checklist for Cultural Management of Ampalaya with Mulch
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1 comment:Email ThisBlogThis !Share to TwitterShare to Facebook Share to PinterestPlanting Calendar for Ampalaya Cultivation with Mulch
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Checklist for Cultural Management of Ampalaya without Mulch
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Planting Calendar for Ampalaya Cultivation w/o Mulch
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Amargoso (Ampalaya) Production

1 HECTARE

Item Quantity Unit Rate /Unit Value(P)
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I. Gross income

Production yield 30,000 kg PHP 23.00

PHP690,000.00

TOTAL PHP690,000.00

I. Expenses

A. Operatingexpenses

1.)Labor

Landpreparation

Plowing 5 MAD PHP 500.00 PHP2,500.00

Harrowing 4 MAD PHP 500.00PHP2,000.00

Trellisinstallation 60 MD PHP 200.00

PHP12,000.00

Seedsowing 10 MD PHP 200.00

PHP2,000.00

Weeding 80 MD PHP 200.00 PHP16,000.00

Cultivation 3 MAD PHP 500.00PHP1,500.00

Spraying 60 MD PHP 200.00 PHP12,000.00

Irrigation 50 MD PHP 200.00PHP10,000.00

Harvesting andHauling

120 MD PHP 200.00 PHP24,000.00


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for trellisconstruction

Bocauepoles 2,000 pc PHP 10.00

PHP20,000.00

Wires

G.I.ire #14 300 kg PHP 100.00

PHP30,000.00

G.I.ire # 18 100 kg PHP 100.00

PHP10,000.00

Plastic string 100 kg PHP 90.00PHP9,000.00

baca string 10 sack PHP 600.00PHP6,000.00

TOTALMATERIALINPUT COSTS

PHP188,680.00

3.)Irrigationexpense P2,415.00

TOTALOPERATINGEXPENSES

PHP270,680.00

B. Overheadexpense

Landcharge

PHP10,350.00

Interest oncapital

PHP37,796.00


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Bryan R. Cruz Institute of Agriculture Systems and Technology

DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENTPampanga Agricultural College, Magalang, Pampanga 2012

Mobile number: 0916-358-5300

Landline: 3434-397Email address: [email protected]

Ampalaya Production in the Philippines

Introduction

Ampalaya, amargoso or bitter gourd (Momordica Charantia Linn) is one of

the most important commercial and backyard fruit vegetables in thecountry today. It has both nutritive and medicinal use. The fruit andleaves of which are used as vegetable and the latter are further used as alaxative for new born babies while the stem and roots as antidotes forfever. They are rich in calcium, phosphorus, iron, carbohydrates andvitamin B. It is also known to cure diabetes, arthritis, rheumatism,asthma, warts, and ulcer.

The commercial cultivation of the crop is concentrated to Region II andIV. Generally two types are being grown the Sta. Rita type, which is long,dark green and less warty and the Pinakbet type which is short and wartyand much bitter in flavor.

Varieties

Variety Maturity (DAP)* Remarks Sta. Rita strains 70-75 OP Makiling 65-70 OP Sta. Isabel 70-75 OP Jade star (A, L,

XL) 60-70 F1 hybrids

Mayon 65-70 F1 hybrids Million Green 65-75 F1 hybrids Galaxy 65-75 F1 hybrids

* Days after planting

Climatic and Soil Requirement


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Ampalaya thrives well in all types of climates but high yield can beobtained during the cooler months because of more flower setting andbigger fruits. It grows in low elevation area anytime of the year. The cropsgrow well in any types of soil with a pH of 5.5-6.5. Higher yield however isattained on sandy loam soil. Soil analysis is a must for commercial

planting.

Land Preparation

A good land preparation is very important in ampalaya culture. The fieldshould be well prepared, plowed and harrowed twice to remove weeds andother plant debris in the field. Furrows are then made 3 meter apart.Organic fertilizer is applied at the rate of 5 tons per hectare during landpreparation or a week before planting.

Plastic Mulching

An improved technology in the Philippines for ampalaya production is theuse of plastic mulch to cover the beds. Planting holes are bored into theplastic sheet base on the planting distance. It offers number of advantage,its control weeds, preserve soil moisture, prevent soil erosion andleaching of fertilizers and reflect light, serving as repellant to insectwhich hide under the leaves.

To use the plastic mulch, stretch it over the planting beds, with edgesheld down by thin bamboo slats, staple well into the soil every 20 cm.Punch holes at 50 cm between plants in the row and 3 meters betweenrows.

Planting

Ampalaya can be direct seeded or transplanted. Direct seeding is mostcommon, a hectare of production area requires 2.5 to 3.0 kilograms ofseeds, Seeds are soak in water overnight or wrap in cheesecloth tofacilitate water absorption. Seeds are planted the following day or as theradicle break. Transplanting can also be done specially when the seeds arescarce and during off-season planting. Seeds are planted in small plasticbags (1 seed/bag with soil mixture of 1:1 garden soil andsand/compost/carbonized rice hull) and transplanted to the field whenthe vine starts to grow. Pre- germinated seeds result in good seedling andan even crop establishment.

Time of Planting


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Ampalaya is a plant that requires an abundant supply of moisture forvegetative and reproductive development to maintain a good crop standin the dry season. Furrow irrigation is done twice a week duringvegetative stage and once a week during the reproductive stage or beforeeach application of fertilizer. Weeding is done when need arises.

Fertilization

The use of organic fertilizer such as manure or compost about 5 to 10tons per hectare with inorganic fertilizer is recommended. Apply basalfertilizer at about 25 grams/hill of complete fertilizer (14-14-14) or 5 bagsper hectare. During dry season, sidedress 10-20 grams/hill of (urea 46-0-0)and muriate of potash (0-0-60) once a month. However during wet season,side dress 5-10 grams/hill of urea and muriate of potash every week.

Pests and Diseases Control

Powdery Mildew- It is cause by a fungus that appears as white powderygrowth on leaves. Crown leaves are affected first and may wither and die.The fungus may be introduced on greenhouse grown plants or wind fromareas infected with the diseases. Disease development is favor by hightemperature.

Downy Mildew-A irregular shaped yellowish to brown spots appears onupper side of the leaves, usually at the center of plants. Under moistcondition, a purplish mildew develops on the underside of the leaf spots.Leaves die as spots increase it size. Spread is rapid from the crown towardnew growth. Moist condition favors the development of the disease.

Bacterial Wilt -The disease is characterized initially by wilting and dryingof individual leaves, which also exhibit cucumber beetle injury. Later,leaves on one or more laterals or entire plants wilts. Wilted parts mayappear to recover at night, but they wilt on successive sunny days andfinally die.

Several kinds of leaf diseases attack the plant and can cause yieldreduction. Most often, the old leaves are affected; spraying of Fungicide isa preventive measure. You can consult your local inputs dealer on howand what fungicide to use. However crop rotation, field sanitation, andthe use of resistant varieties is also highly recommended.

Fruitfly- The fruitfly is one of the major insect pests of ampalaya. Adultslay it eggs on the young fruits. The eggs later hatch into small worms thatstarts feeding inside the fruits. Symptoms are deformed fruits, fruits withholes that turn orange or yellow prematurely. The insect can be controlby removing all damage fruits from the field. Spray only after the removal


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of the damage fruits with insecticides recommended by your pesticidedealer. Wrapping young fruits with newspaper or plastic bags prevent thefruit fly from laying eggs on the fruits. Wrapping reduce the use ofpesticides.

Thrips- it is a very small crawling insect on that stays on the lower side ofthe leaves. It is recommended to spray during nighttime 2 t0 3consecutive nights if infestation is severed. This was found to be veryeffective time to spray. The pest hides during daytime and cannot becontrol using contact insecticides. Neighboring plantation should also besprayed at the same time. Consult your input dealer on what pesticides touse in controlling this pest.

Harvesting

Harvest when the fruits are green. Harvesting starts 45 to 50 days after

seedling. It can be done twice a week. Harvest early in the morning toprotect harvested fruits against rain, sun, and mechanical damage. Sortfruits according to marketable standards, and remove damage fruits. Packin plastic or bamboo crates line with newspaper or bamboo leaves. Fruitscan be stored for 2-3 days under this condition.

Cost and Return Analysis Per Hectare

Activity Quantity Unit Amount/Unit(P) Total

Amount (P) Land preparation A. Labor cost (200/MD) Plowing 10 MD 200 2,000.00 Harrowing (2x) 8 MD 200 1,600.00 Bedding 8 MD 200 1,600.00 Manureapplication 5 MD 200 1,000.00

Planting 2 MD 200 400.00 Mulching 6 MD 200 1,200.00 Fertilizerapplication Basal 3 MD 200 600.00 Side-dress 10 MD 200 2,000.00 Irrigation 40 MD 200 8,000.00 Trellising 50 MD 200 10,000.00 Vinetraining/pruning 30 MD 200 6,000.00

Weeding 20 MD 200 4,000.00


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Spraying 30 MD 200 6,000.00 Harvesting 60 MD 200 12,000.00 Miscellaneous 20 MD 200 4,000.00 Sub-total 60,400.00 B. Materials Seeds 3.0 Kilograms 3,500.00 10,500.00 Animal manure 5 Tons 1,200 6,000.00 Fertilizers 14-14-14 5 Bags 700 3,500.00 46-0-0 8 Bags 800 6,400.00 0-0-60 2 Bags 700 1,400.00 Trellis Bamboo post 2uses 1,200 pcs 10 12,000.00

GI wire 4 uses 300 Kilograms 10 3,000.00 Abaca twine 200 Roll 50 10,000.00 Pesticides 5,000.00 5,000.00 Fuel and oil 6,000.00 6,000.00 Miscellaneous 5,000.00 5,000.00 Sub-total 67,800.00 II.Fixed Cost Land rentals 7,500.00 Depreciation Scythe (2 yrs) 5 pcs 12 63.00

Hoe (3 yrs) 3 pcs 125 375.00 Knapsacksprayer (5 yrs) 2 pcs 800 1,600.00

Sub-total 9,538.00 Total Cost 137,738.00 Marketable yield of 10 to 15 tons hectare atP15 per kilogram Gross Income at 15tons/hectare

225,000.00

Total Cost of Production 137,738.00 Net Income 87,262.00

References

Ampalaya Growing Guide, Agriculture Monthly Magazine. April 2001

Ampalaya Production Guide, Philippine Council for Agriculture, Forestand Natural Resources. Department of Science and Technology.Information Bulletin No. 156 / 2000


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My Technoguide for Ampalaya Production Part 1

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Transcript of My Technoguide for Ampalaya Production Part 1