My Final Year B.Tech Research Project
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Energy Consumption Benchmarking of a Swarm Intelligence
Inspired MANET Protocol
Project Team:Shashant KumarVibhooti GuptaMohit Bansal
Eeshan Srivastava
Under the guidance of:Mr. Keshav Singh
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Conceptual OverviewInherent Energy consumption
problem of MANETs in practical applicationsSwarm Intelligence provides a solution: ACO (Ant Colony Optimization)Small ant packets collect network state by StigmergyPheromone tables are built using this information
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Continued…We follow a global optimization approachGoal is to find paths that cost least energy in the long runCompare performance of this protocol with existing Ad-Hoc routing protocols:
AODVDSDVDSR
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Previous Semester Work
Researched various MANET protocolsDesigned an implementable version of the ant-based protocolLearned NS-2 simulation environment for wired and wireless topologiesSimulated the following on NS-2:
Distance Vector RoutingQueuingAODV (small scale)
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Packet classes and structures Data packets: represent the
information that end users exchange with each other. Forward and Backward ants: are control packets used to update the routing tables and distribute information about traffic load in the network. Broadcast Ants: every node broadcasts remaining energy level using this packet.
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packet.ccClass basic_ant defines the structure for an ant packet:
-> source_add (nsaddr_t)-> dest_add (nsaddr_t)-> packet length (int)-> packet seq_number (int)-> packet start_time (double)
Classes for F-ants and B-ants derived from the class basic_antMethods for adding new nodes and keeping track of visited nodes
Project Development Files
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router.ccIts main class is derived from class
‘Agent’which is the base class for all
routing agents inns2.It contains: reinforcement factor timer for generation of F-ants methods
generate F-ants and B-antssend F-ant to next hop as
determined byalgorithm
Continued…
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pheromone.cc class for storing pheromone values
ph value (double) next node address (nsaddr_t)
methods to add and remove entrymethod to return pheromone value
routingtable.cc method to increment and evaporate pheromone values methods to add and delete pheromone tables.
Continued…
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Simulation EnvironmentIntegration of protocol into NS-2
by adding definitions in NS-2 environment files such as packet.cc, cmu-trace.cc, ns-lib.tcl etc. Traffic Model Generation:
50 nodes with CBR sources (UDP)Max 10 connections at 8kbps
Mobility Model Generation50 nodes, pause-time 0 secMax speed 20m/s500x500 topologySimulation Time: 100 seconds
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ScreenshotsAnt Protocol
AODV
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DSR
DSDV
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Trace File AnalysisAwk filters for extracting energy &
timing valuesGnuplot for plotting graph4 data sets were used:
AODV energy valuesDSDV energy valuesDSR energy valuesAnt Protocol Energy values
Snippet of Ant Protocol trace file:
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GraphsFull Resolution (Approx 14000 sampling positions
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Graphs
En
er
gy
Simulation Time ----->
Magnified to 2 sec interval
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Results: BenchmarkR/S efficiency:
1.DSR with 99.82% (1123/1125)2.AODV with 98.74% (1099/1113)3. Ant Protocol with 88.43% (1001/1132)4.DSDV with 75.78% (851/1123)
Energy Efficiency:1.DSDV2.Ant Protocol3.AODV4.DSR
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Research Paper and References C. Srisathapornphat and C.-C.
Shen. Swarm Intelligence-Inspired Energy Conservation Scheme in Ad Hoc Networks. The 3rd Conference on Mobile Technology, Applications and Systems — Mobility 2006, Pg 1-7 E. Bonabeau, M. Dorigo, and G. Theraulaz. Swarm Intelligence: From Natural to Artificial Systems. Oxford University Press, New York, 1999. www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/