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check it out online at www.belyea.com/svc/all_about_color.pdf
Who am I?
I got the bluesExpEriEncE and Emotions through color
PASSION
JOY
DePreSSION
HArMONY
CreATIVITY
PeACe
MOUrNING
It’s a bird, it’s a plane...What is color?
Color is a perceptual sensation created in the human mind in response to certain wavelengths of electromagnetic energy that constitute the visible spectrum of light. Human perception of and response to these wavelenghts is affected by many factors including physiology, psychology, language, and culture.
› Color Design Workbook (Suggested reading for this class)
The quality of an object or substance with respect to light reflected by the object, usually determined visually by measurement of hue, saturation, and brightness of the reflected light.
› Dictionary.com
A phenomenon of light (as red, brown, pink, or gray) or visual perception that enables one to differentiate otherwise identical objects.
› Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary
Time to go all techy on yaha tEchnical look at color and thE
alWays popular visual spectrum
Technical DetailsdEfinition
Color is basically just a bunch of different wavelengths.
Humans can distinguish between these wavelengths and therefore we see the world in bright, beautiful color.
These wavelenghts come in all sorts of shapes and size, long wavelengths appear to us as red, while short wavelengths are violet.
Technical DetailsthE human color spacE
Our eyes have three types of color receptors: Red, Green and Blue. Therefore, everything we see is reduced to these colors or combinations of them.
Technical DetailsVisual spEctrum
The Visual Spectrum is a portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to the human eye.
Ultraviolet and Infrared fall outside of the Visual Spectrum.
Technical DetailsBlack Vs. WhitE
White = All colors Black = No colors
So what’s it all mean?color dEfinEd for thE graphic dEsignEr
There are 3 primary color systems that the designer needs to be aware of:
Additive or Pure Light Primaries (RGB)
Subtractive or Printer’s Primaries (CMY)
Subtractive or Artist’s Primaries (RYB)
Color in the Design Worldcolor systEms
Color in the Design WorldrgB color systEm
Additive or Pure Light Primaries (RGB)
RGB is Red, Green and Blue.
Since these 3 colors make up the Human Color Space, this color system is the most pure and has the most brightness or intesity. When these colors overlap, they create Cyan, Magenta, Yellow and White. White is acheived by seeing all colors.
This system is called Additive.
Color in the Design Worldcmy color systEm
Subtractive or Printer’s Primaries (CMY)
CMY is Cyan, Magenta and Yellow.
This system has physical properties that absorb color. For instance, the sensation of color is when the paper absorbs all wavelenghts except those that the eyes perceive. When these colors overlap, they create Red, Blue, Green and Black.
That is why this is called a Subtractive system, because it subtracts wavelengths.
Color in the Design WorldryB color systEm
Subtractive or Artist’s Primaries (RYB)
RYB is Red, Yellow and Blue.
RYB is the most common color system in art classes and is the basis for most color theory. This color system is similar to CMY where when all colors combined create black. When overlapped, they create Orange, Green and Purple.
This is also a Subtractive system.
The wheels on the color wheel go round and round
you guEssEd it! thE color WhEEl
The Color Wheel12 stEp color WhEEl
RYB Color Wheel
Color wheels can vary from the simple to the complex.
This 12 step model is a good middle ground.
The Color Wheel12 stEp color WhEEl
Primary Colors
Red
Yellow
Blue
The Color Wheel12 stEp color WhEEl
Secondary Colors
Purple
Orange
Green
The Color Wheel12 stEp color WhEEl
Tertiary Colors
Purple red
Red orange
Orange yellow
Yellow green
Green blue
Blue purple
My a-capella group was sweet!color harmoniEs
Color HarmoniescomplEmEntary
Complementary
Colors that are directly across from each other on the color wheel.
These colors have the most contrast and will excite the eye.
Color Harmoniessplit complEmEntary
Split Complementary
Three colors where one color is accompanied by two colors equadistant from its compliment.
Less contrast than complimentary colors, creating a more sophisticated look.
Color HarmoniesdouBlE complEmEntary
Double Complementary
A combination of two pairs of complimentary colors.
Using equal amounts of these four colors will be pretty intense and jarring.
Color Harmoniesanalogous
Analogous
Two or more colors spaced equally from each other.
Since they all have similar light wavelenghts, this color scheme is easy on the eyes.
Color Harmoniestriadic
Triadic
Three colors that are spaced evenly around the color wheel.
Some of these combinations can seem garish, while others are quite nice.
Color Harmoniesmonochromatic
Monochromatic
Made of shades or tints of the same color.
Low contrast and very pleasing to the eye.
The nitty-grittypropErtiEs of color
Properties of ColorhuE
Hue
The description of the dominant wavelength of a color.
Hue is also called the name of a color.
Blue-Purple
Blue
Light Blue
Properties of Colorsaturation
Saturation
A measure of the purity of the hue determined by the amount of gray it contains.
The more gray the color, the lower the saturation.
Saturation is also called chroma.
High Saturation
Mid Saturation
Low Saturation
Properties of ColorBrightnEss
Brightness
The amount of light reflected by a color.
The more light reflected, the whiter the color (white is all light reflected).
Brightness is also called value.
High Brightness
Mid Brightness
Low Brightness
Part Deux
Battle royalecmyk Vs. rgB
CMYK vs. rGBWhich systEm do you usE?
CMYK = Print RGB = Monitor
Baby steps to the printerinks
Inkscmyk
Inksspot
Layin’ it downhoW to gEt ink on papEr
Getting Ink on Paperprinting procEssEs
Engraving Very nice
Thermography Cheap engraving
Reprographics Copying stuff
Digital Printing Cheap, quick, bad
Letterpress Beautiful, classic
Screen Think posters & t-shirts
Flexography Like letterpress, but flexible
Offset The one, the only
Getting Ink on PaperlEttErprEss printing
Getting Ink on PaperscrEEn printing
Getting Ink on PaperoffsEt printing
Getting Ink on PaperoffsEt printing
WATeR INK
PLATe
OFFSeT
PAPeR
IMPReSSION
You’re almost therecontrolling color on prEss
Controlling Color on PressWays to control color
Paper Choice
Dot Pattern
Ink Draw Down
Loose Color Proofs
Composed Proofs
Press Check
Controlling Color on PresspapEr choicE
Paper
One of the most important decisions to make when choosing a paper is whether the paper is Uncoated or Coated.
Controlling Color on Pressdot pattErn
Dot Pattern
Conventional offset print-ing lays down dots is a grid pattern, increasing and decreasing the size of dots to control density and color.
Stocastic printing uses a random dot placement and a random dot size.
Controlling Color on Pressink draW doWns
Ink Draw Downs
Used when printing with spot colors, this is like seeing a small sample of wall paint before you paint your house.
Controlling Color on PressloosE color proofs
Loose Color Proofs
This is great for preview-ing color before you send your files to the printer.
It allows you to check builds, reverses and skin tones.
Controlling Color on PresscomposEd proofs
Composed Proofs
Last chance to make any changes before you go on press.
Once on press your options will be limited, so be very diligent when reviewing your composed proofs.
Controlling Color on PressprEss chEck
Press Check
Your last chance to fine tune your final product.
Trust your press people, they know more than you. Tell them what you desire, and they will make it happen.
FinpracticE makEs prEfEct… color