Music Through History Using Music in the Social Studies Curriculum Megan Puckett.
-
Upload
kerrie-dalton -
Category
Documents
-
view
216 -
download
2
Transcript of Music Through History Using Music in the Social Studies Curriculum Megan Puckett.
Medieval Period (476-1400)
Gregorian Chant- supposed creator Pope Gregory I Usually written in Latin and easily passed around Chants were written in syllabic, melismatic or neumatic
styles Music was transferred by troubadours, trouveres and
minnesinger Polyphony happens mid-9th Century Mensural notation (note values) happens mid-13th
century; followed by Franconian and Petronian notations Ars Nova (new art) begins in 14th century by Phillippe de
Vitry
Important Medieval Composers
Messe de Notre Dame (Guillaume de Machaut)- the first cyclical cycle of Mass Ordinary
Secular styles of composition: France-formes fixes, ballade, virelai, rondeaux,
canon;Italy- balata, madrigal, cacciaEngland- rondellus
Renaissance (1400-1600)
Protestant Reformation brings about other faiths/ churches and secular courts grow in size, number and importance (arts are important)
Most music is unwritten at this time, shared from person-to-person by memory; that which is written is done by hand and expensive; music printing begins in early 16th century
Most music is composed by the common man Was essential to play/sing/read music & instruments Bassoon invented.
Instruments of Renaissance Period
Keyboards are invented
Secular styles of composition:
Italy- chanson, frottola, madrigal
Germany- lieder, tenorlied, chorale
Spain- villancico
England- lute song, anthem, Italian madrigal
Important Renaissance Composers
Guillame DuFay (1397-1474) serves in Papal Chapels in Rome, Florence, Bologna, Savoy writing mostly in French
Josquin des Prez (1450-1521) French; serves in Milan, Rome, Ferrara and Notre Dame
John Dunstable (1390-1453) English; traveled in France
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina (1525 or 26-1594) Italian
Orlando de Lassus (1530 or 32- 1594) served in Italy and Bavaria
Baroque Period (1600-1750)
Age of Absolutism (king authority) France leads in utilizing the arts (Louis XIV) Theaters and opera houses flourish and
compete against one another in London, Hamburg and Venice
Music often conveyed a single emotion Music is primarily written for the Church or
court Cello, oboe and trombone are invented
Important Baroque Composers
Jean-Baptiste Lully Antonio Vivaldi Johann Sebastian Bach George Frideric handel Henry Purcell Heinrich Schütz Claudio Monteverdi
Italian church composer; the Red Priest; writes several instrumental concertos, some sacred music and 46 operas; works at a girls schoolThe Four Seasons
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l-dYNttdgl0
Antonio Vivaldi (1678-1741)
born in Florence, but considered father of French opera; court musician
Jean-Baptiste Lully (1632-1687)
Te Deum http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sXTeWyyyluk
German church musician writing primarily for the church and adjoined school; had some 16 children; wrote well over 200 cantatas plus several instrumental works for keyboard and organ
Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750)
Toccata and Fugue in D Minorhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?annotation_id=annotation_78634&v=ATbMw6X3T40&feature=iv
German born musician, also living in Italy and finally England writing operas, oratorios, sacred music for Anglican church, royal weddings, coronations and funerals.
George Frideric Handel (1685-1759)
Water Music Suite in F Major, Mvt. 1http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8slQkKlSKkI
Other Important Composers
Henry Purcell (1659-1695) English composer; organist of Westminster Abbey; writes music for plays and sacred anthems
Heinrich Schütz (1585-1672) German church composer responsible for transmitting the seconda prattica north of the Alps
Claudio Monteverdi (1567-1643) Italian court composer; wrote madrigals and dramatic works
Henry Purcell: Dido and Aeneas excerpts http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p8Vkq5xKkHQHeinrich Schutz- Die mit Tränen säen SWV 378 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gyQAkKHvBFoClaudio Monteverdi L'Orfeo http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jb2TURdBeEQ
Classical Period (1750-1800)
Age of Enlightenment Emerging musical styles: sonata, string
quartet, symphony and concertos (each has 3-4 contrasting mvts. Also, rondos and trios.
Piano invented/popularized
Important Classical Composers
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Christoph Willibald Gluck Joseph Haydn Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach William Billings
Others: Johann Christian Bach, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Domenico Scarlatti, Antonio Salieri, Muzio Clementi, Johann Stamitz
a child prodigy; begins composing before age 5; could hear something and write it; wrote 41 symphonies, several string quartets/quintets, chamber works, piano solos, concertos, operas, masses and sacred works.
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791)
The Magic Flute Overturehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IR8GFUTMP_E
born in present day Czech Republic, later moves to Vienna; composes many operas in Italian and French
Christoph Willibald Gluck (1714-1787)
Overture to Orpheus and Eurydice http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q7vuat-5dv8
Austrian born, eventually sent to Vienna; writes many symphonies, string quartets, keyboard sonatas; gives lessons to child Beethoven
Joseph Haydn (1732-1809)
Surprise Symphony, Mvt. 2http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lLjwkamp3lI
son of J. S. Bach; called ‘C.P.E. Bach’ and is known as the ‘Berlin Bach’ as he writes similarly to his father; writes especially for keyboard and sacred church music in his last years
Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach (1714-1788)
Concerto in D Minor, Part 1 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q7vuat-5dv8Sa
American composer; helped to start the American tradition of music; publication include The New-England Psalm-Singer and The Continental Harmony
William Billings (1746-1800)
Sacred Harp 479 Chester http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wqQrWKfLNcw
Romantic Period (1800-1900)
Domestic music-making is a necessity; females played piano or sang at high level
Closely associated with Idealism Concert overture, minstrels, parlor songs,
character pieces grow in importance Banjos are among important instruments in
America; Saxophone and modern French horn invented
Important Romantic Composers
Ludwig van Beethoven Hector Berlioz Modeste Mussorgsky Felix Mendelssohn Robert and Clara Schumann Franz Schubert Frederic Chopin Franz Liszt
German composer who studies with Haydn in Vienna; composes for instruments, especially keyboard and the voice
Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827)
Symphony 3 (Eroica), Mvt. 4 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cGBzOudjQhk
French born and lives mostly in Paris; known for his large instrumentation in symphonies
Hector Berlioz (1803-1869)
Symphonie Fantastique pt. 1 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mTDbkp4HHs8
Russian composer who incorporated folk-like elements into his music
Modeste Mussorgsky (1839-1881)
Pictures at an Exhibition: Promenade pt 1 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_5r8sa863Ts
German born; child prodigy, making several trips to England; composes symphonies, orchestral works, chamber works, piano and vocal works (some oratorios)
Felix Mendelssohn (1809-1847)
Violin Concerto in E minor 1, mvt 1 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C0aZt5vgFHE&feature=fvst
They married in 1840; he composes piano works for her, she plays them and is known for her virtuosity; Robert Schumann additionally composes symphonies, chamber works, piano music and lieder.
Robert Schumann (1810-1856) & Clara Schumann (1819-1896)
Traumerei/Reverie http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2zzAvc_iHEI
Austrian born; worked as a school teacher; wrote lieder, symphonies, string quartets, chamber works and piano sonatas.
Franz Schubert (1797-1828)
Ave Maria http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2bosouX_d8Y
Polish born which was then under Russian domination, but settles in France; mostly composes for piano: nocturnes, etudes, polonaises, waltzes, sonatas, ballades, scherzos, impromptus, etc.
Frederic Chopin (1810-1849)
Nocturne Op. 9, No. 2 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tV5U8kVYS88
Hungarian born, later moves to Vienna and France, travelling often; composes symphonies, piano and vocal works
Franz Liszt (1811-1886)
Liebestraum http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eW_MAQj0aIA
Other Important Composers
Richard Wagner, Verdi and Gilbert and Sullivan are the great operatic composers
Lowell Mason, Stephen Foster and Louis Moreau Gottschalk are U.S. composers
Strauss, Mahler, Brahms are other important composers
Sousa The Stars and Stripes Forever http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n9ePaETGQZ0Claude Debussy: Clair de lune http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LlvUepMa31oPaul Hindemith: Symphony in B Flat http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BWQ93Vu5qUwSergei Rachmaninoff: Piano Concerto No. 3, Mvt. 1 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oA0kXDMKiLgGiacomo Puccini: Nessun Dorma from Turandot http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RdTBml4oOZ8Igor Stravinsky: The Rite of Springhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-gZbMOq_Ge8&feature=relatedCharles Ives Three Quarter-Tone Pieces (1924), Mvt. II. Allegro http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EU85bUyDPWs
Twentieth Century (Early-Mid 1900’s)
Impressionism- one of earliest attempts to explore new musical approaches
Atonality, serial composition, dodecaphony, ragtime, blues, jazz, rock, etc. are invented
Neo-Classicism is popular Jazz, Rock N Roll, etc. lead to electronic
music, aleatory music, minimalism and postmodernism
Tuba invented
Important 20th Century Composers
American: Charles Ives, John Philip Sousa, Irving Berlin, George Gershwin, Richard Rogers, Samuel Barber, Gian Carlo Menotti, Vincent Persichetti, John Cage
French: Claude Debussy, Francis Poulenc, Olivier Messiaen Hungarian: Bela Bartok Italian: Giaccomo Puccini, Ottorino Respighi English: Ralph Vaughan Williams, Benjamin Britten, Edward Elgar, Gustav Holst German: Paul Hindemith Russian: Sergei Rachmaninoff, Dmitri Shostakovich, Igor Stravinsky
John Philip Sousa: The Stars and Stripes Forever http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n9ePaETGQZ0Claude Debussy: Clair de lune http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LlvUepMa31oPaul Hindemith: Symphony in B Flat http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BWQ93Vu5qUwSergei Rachmaninoff: Piano Concerto No. 3, Mvt. 1 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oA0kXDMKiLgGiacomo Puccini: Nessun Dorma from Turandot http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RdTBml4oOZ8Igor Stravinsky: The Rite of Spring http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-gZbMOq_Ge8&feature=relatedCharles Ives Three Quarter-Tone Pieces (1924), Mvt. II. Allegro http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EU85bUyDPWs
Helpful LinksTime Period links
http://www.essentialsofmusic.com/
http://www.classicalworks.com/his.pages/timeline.html
http://library.thinkquest.org/15413/history/music-history.htm
http://www.stevenestrella.com/composers/index.html?styletimeline.html
Composer links
http://www.8notes.com/artists/
http://www.essentialsofmusic.com/
American music
http://www.lonestar.edu/library/kin_music1.htm
http://www.americanmusicpreservation.com/Americanmusictimeline.htm
http://www.earlyamerica.com/music/
http://www.colonialmusic.org/Resource/Resources.htm