Muscle - uky.edu
Transcript of Muscle - uky.edu
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�� MuscleMuscle
�� Muscle BundleMuscle Bundle
�� Muscle Fiber Muscle Fiber (myofiber)(myofiber)
�� MyofibrilsMyofibrils
�� MyofilamentsMyofilaments
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�� Contains 10Contains 10--20 20 myofibersmyofibers
�� Encased by Encased by perimysiumperimysium
�� Can see with the Can see with the naked eyenaked eye
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�� Individual muscle Individual muscle cellcell
�� MultinucleatedMultinucleated
�� Encased by Encased by �� Encased by Encased by endomysiumendomysium
�� Cell wall: Cell wall: sarcolemmasarcolemma
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�� Embedded in Embedded in sarcoplasmsarcoplasm
�� Mitochondria Mitochondria located between located between myofibrilsmyofibrilsmyofibrilsmyofibrils
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�� Comprised of repeating units: Comprised of repeating units: sarcomeressarcomeres
�� A bandA band
�� I bandI band
�� Z diskZ disk�� Z diskZ disk
�� H zoneH zone
�� PseudoPseudo--H zoneH zone
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� Contractile Proteins� Myosin
� Actin
� Regulatory Proteins� Tropomyosin� Tropomyosin
� Troponin
� Structural Proteins� Z – Line Proteins
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� Myosin� 70 – 80% of the total
protein
� Thick filament
� Burns the ATP for
Myosin & Its Fragments
S1Chymotrypsin
� Burns the ATP for muscle contraction
� Myosin head moves back and forth to perform a muscle contraction
COO-
COO-LMM
ROD
HMM
Regula tory light chainAlkal i
l ight chain
Act in binding
and A TPa se
acti vity
Trypsin
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� Actin� 20% of the myofibrillar
protein� Thin Filament � Globular protein (G-
protein)� Globular protein (G-
protein)� Arranged like a
twisted pearl necklace (F-protein)
� Myosin head attaches to the Actin
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� Regulate contraction and the speed of contraction
� Tropomyosin
� Troponin
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� Tropomyosin� Thin protein that lays around the Actin proteins
AA AA
End View
Top View
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� Troponin
��3 Subunits3 Subunits�� TnTTnT
�� Binds tropomyosinBinds tropomyosin
TnITnI�� TnITnI�� Inhibitory subunitInhibitory subunit
�� TnCTnC�� CaCa2+2+ binding subunitbinding subunit
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� Sarcolemma – membrane around the myofibril; sits just under the endomysium
� Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
� T – tubules or Transverse Tubules
� Terminal Cisternae � Terminal Cisternae
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� Sarcoplasmic Reticulum � Surrounds each myofibril
� Stores Calcium, needed for contraction
� T – tubules and Terminal Cisternae transport Ca to cytosol & transmit nerve impulseto cytosol & transmit nerve impulse
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� A signal travels down a nerve
� Attached to individual muscle cells
� The signal is passed on to the Sarcolemma Sarcolemma
� The Sarcolemma depolarizes
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� The depolarization causes the SR to release Ca into the cytosol
� The Ca will bind with troponin (Tn)
� This causes a shift in the troponin tropomyosin (Tm) complex(Tm) complex
Actin Actin Actin Actin
Ca
Ca Ca
CaTn
Tn Tn
TnTm
Tm
Tm
Tm
Myosin
binding
site
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� ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) bind to the Myosin head
� ATP hydrolysis to ADP + Pi “cocks” the Myosin head
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� The Myosin head attaches to the exposed binding site on Actin
� Weak bond� Weak bond
� Pi leaves the Myosin head causing the “Power Stroke”
� ADP is released causing a strong Myosin – Actin bond
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� ATP re-attaches to the Myosin head causing the head to release from the release from the Myosin – Actin binding site
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� 1.) An impulse travels down a nerve to a muscle cell
� 2.) The nerve impulse is transferred to the Sarcolemma of a muscle cell
� 3.) The Sarcolemma depolarized causing the � 3.) The Sarcolemma depolarized causing the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum to release Ca into the cytosol of the cell
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� 4.) The Ca binds to Troponin on the Troponin –Tropomyosin complex
� 5.) The Tn – Tm complex shifts to the grove of the Actin exposing the Actin – Myosin binding site
� 6.) ATP has bound with the Myosin head releasing � 6.) ATP has bound with the Myosin head releasing it from the previous contraction
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� 7.) Myosin hydrolyzes the ATP to ADP + Pi, “cocking” the Myosin head
� 8.) Myosin attaches to Actin forming a weak bond
� 9.) Pi is released causing the “power stroke”
10.) ADP is released forming a tight rigor bond of � 10.) ADP is released forming a tight rigor bond of Actin and Myosin
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