26 October 20172nd Annual Conference JPI Oceans

Munitions in the Sea by JPI oceans

Munitions in the Sea

End of WW2: In Europe, 1.2 million tons of conventional explosive and 600 thousand tons of chemical weapons were disposed, mostly in the Baltic and in the Mediterranean Sea

3

State of Dumping in the Mediterranean Sea (1995-2001)

UXO are an underrated risk, calling for technological development and a coordinated strategy. Due to drift, sedimentation and advanced corrosion, detection and removal have become increasingly difficult whereby leakages in chemical weapons can be most dangerous for man (divers) and environment.

UneXploded Ordnance (UXO) are often distributed in coastal zones, or in marine areas intersecting several nations and threatening international infrastructures.

Thanks: Ezio Amato - ISPRA

Increasing exploration and industrial exploitation of sea and ocean - Oil & gas,- Fisheries & aquaculture- New molecules - Minerals- Near & Offshore wind farms

Concerns in connections with the tens of thousands of tons of munitions dumped at sea during/after conflicts.

Chemical warfare agents (CWA)

DUMPING BURIAL LEAKAGE

UNDERWATER EXPLOSION

CORROSION

DIRECT PHYSICAL CONTACT

DISTURBANCEBIOACCUMULATION

DISPERSION

5E. Amato

In this presentation:

Why and what Munitions in the Sea in the JPIO context?What steps to adopt the action?

How the action has been structured?

What are the main challenges/mission?

What has been done?What are the next steps?

Thanks: Ezio Amato - ISPRA

Thanks: Norwegian Defence Research (FFI)

Unexploded Ordnance (UXO) in the oceans (conventional explosive and chemical weapons dumped at sea during /after conflicts ) are

low-ranked RISKS calling for an urgent STRATEGY

• EXPLOSIONS• LEAKAGE of CWA

(chemical warfare agents)

• INTERVENTION (safe and efficient)• MONITORING & FORECASTING

SOCIETAL CHALLENGE for Good Environmental Status…but a cross-cutting issuePRODUCTIVE CHALLENGE, remove MUNITIONS in the SEA means fostering

activities: oil and gas operations placing pipelines and cables on the seabed offshore fish-farming and demersal fisheries wind farm installation

What are the main challenges?

Scouting/Testing/Providing

solutions

Support to policy(integrated risk-

assessments)

SUPPORT TO POLICY/ANTICIPATE EMERGENCIES through a MAP OF THE RISKS, including time-scales for intervention, impacts (people, environment, human activities), options/solutions (before and after emergencies).

Safety of people(operators/citizens)

For further information: http://www.jpi-oceans.eu/munitions-sea

What are the main aims?

priorities/topics driven by end-users

close link with operators, authorities etc.

interdisciplinary approach

The added value/intervention logic from JPI Oceans

Introducing/structuring a “EU” scientific cooperation (counterfactual + avoiding duplications )

Structuring a EU bridge with operators (soft table)

Contributing to cost/time efficiency for solutions

support to emergency

cross-sector industrial involvement

support to decisions

state of the art

Added value in carrying out the work at EU level

UXO is mainly a European problem since most of the unexploded munitions lie in the North and Baltic sea, and in the Mediterranean area. Since part of UXO are located in international waters or along the borders of national waters, it is therefore mandatory for EU member states to provide a common effort to detect and

i i

The steps towards the adoption of JPI Oceans’ Munitions in the Sea

CSA Oceans“Science support to emergency issues”

as a typology of action

StABStAB advised test case “Munitions in the Sea :

from Monitoring to Remediation”

MBSRIA - Area 5

“Act as a hub to address acute risks (including

emergencies)”

EX COM + MB

Decision to proceed towards

a scoping workshop

2014 2014 2015 2015

Summer 2015: National experts appointed 11 September 2015: Scoping workshopNovember 2015: adoption of the action

Participating Countries: BE, DE, ES, FR, GR, IE, IT, PL, PT, NL, NO, SE, UK

Structuring the mission into action

2. Technology

3. Exchange ofPractices & Knowledge

1. Science Support:• to operators• to simulations of

impacts

Filling gaps to Increase safety/efficiency:- forecast of the state of the sea (also at seabed level)- visibility for the intervention- risk assessments

• Update of Munitions response technologies• Environmental remediation technologiesTest of new/adapted technologies, to reduce costs and/or increase efficiency/safety

Scouting of technologies also from other sectors:

Circulation of knowledge, procedures and contactsProviding updated support to authorities recommendations and suggestions of activities.

Lead by Italy

Lead by Germany

Lead by Norway

JPI Oceans presented the action at the NATO Research workshops “Sea Dumped Munitionsand Environmental Risk” AVT-269 -RWS-027 (Varna, Bulgaria, 11-13 October 2016) and AVT-ET180 (Utrecht, The Netherlands, 10 Oct 2017), at the Baltic Clean Technology Conference(HanseMesse Rostock, Germany , 29 Sep 2017). Messages:• there is a supra-national process in parallel to NATO activities on the civilian side• activities are coordinated and thus will for sure avoid duplication• shared vision of future improvements due to civil-military co-operation

From the adoption up to October 2017 (1/2)

ET 180 on Sea Dumped Munitions and Environmental Risk

’

Co-Chairs:

Panel Mentor

Members:

Duration:

Coordination:

Related activities:

Prof Adam S Cumming (GBR)Hristo Hristov (BGR)Wim de Klerk (NLD)

BGR, DEU, GBR, ITA, NLD, NOR, POL, PRT, CAN, CHE, (ROM)Jan 2018-Dec 2018

CASG (MSIAC), NSPA

AVT-269, 276, 197, 243, HFM

Objectives:• To examine activity gaps for the management of

underwater dumped conventional munitions and propose NATO STO activities to help fill these gaps and to work with other groups to help produce a coordinated approach..

Topics covered:• Hazardous shipwrecks – munitions and danger of mass explosion• Corrosion of munitions in various environments – Baltic, Black Sea,

Mediterranean Sea North Sea, Fresh Water• Technology coordination and watch with communication• Links to Non –NATO programmes such as Daimon, JPI-O as well as with

other NATO bodies• Other topics will be assessed for priority.

Impact and Exploitation: DOTMLPFI• Proposals for future RTG activities, and outline of relevant

activities. Not all topics will be proposed but a priority list will be suggested. A short summary will also be produced to advise AVT and NATO.

• Review and assessment of the problems posed by sea or water dumped munitions.

• Assessment of the available technology and experience in using it.

• A Technology Roadmap and NATO White paper to meet these requirements.

• Provision of NATO expertise to support debate on the management of environmental impact from underwater munitions.

Picture 1

Picture 2

NATO UNCLASSIFIED40th AVT Panel Business Meeting Week Oct. 9-13 , 2017 – Utrecht (NL)

JPI Oceans presented the action at the NATO Research workshops “Sea Dumped Munitionsand Environmental Risk” AVT-269 -RWS-027 (Varna, Bulgaria, 11-13 October 2016) and AVT-ET180 (Utrecht, The Netherlands, 10 Oct 2017), at the Baltic Clean Technology Conference(HanseMesse Rostock, Germany , 29 Sep 2017). Messages:• there is a supra-national process in parallel to NATO activities on the civilian side• activities are coordinated and thus will for sure avoid duplication• shared vision of future improvements due to civil-military co-operation

From the adoption up to October 2017 (1/2)

Reference to “Munitions" have been introduced into the COFUND MARTERA:• proposals for funding already have been submitted

JPIO has been invited to join large scale EXERCISE AT SEA in 2016 and 2017, in cooperationwith the Portuguese Navy :• an operational interaction with Navies has already started

•A list of END-USERS’ PRIORITIES has been completed in 2016 to guide the activities in thenear future.

From the adoption up to October 2017 (2/2)

Without additional external contributionAccess to projects’ results, data and sitesSimulations and modelingOrganization of joint activities at seaScouting of technologies

With additional external contributionInnovationDevelopment of technologiesOperational servicesSite characterization

•A list of NATIONAL OFFERS (IT+DE+NO+BE+PT) has been completed in 2017, for jointactivities with and without additional funding/effort. In brief:

• An implementation plan for late 2017-208 has been approved in Rome, 6th Oct 2017,taking into account the received national offers, mainly focusing on the more feasibleactivities, and having in mind that many activities will be open to the participation ofothers countries. The outputs of the activities in 2018 aim at structuring a EU scientificcooperation and a bridge with operators to tackle the challenge of Munitions in the Sea.

Collection and dissemination ofactivities, meetings, workshops

1st WORKSHOP (innovative approach based on simulation of scenarios) for best practices on procedures and solutions

ACTIVITY Deliverables

ReportAnalysis of needs and gapsBefore end 09/2018

IMPLEMENTATION PLAN for late 2017-2018 (1/2)

2nd WORKSHOP for identifying scientific results, emerging technologies and paths for solutions

ReportRecommendationsBefore end 2018

Dynamictargeted information base

Rationalization and structuring of datalinked to munitions

Analysis and promotion of technologies(from MARTERA and ROBEMM)

ACTIVITY Deliverables

List of technologies and dissemination

Draft modular design before end 2017Revision with operatorsScouting for opportunities (REP17, EDA, al.)

IMPLEMENTATION PLAN for late 2017-2018 (2/2)

Proposal for rationalization to be submitted to relevant actors for implementation and funding

Design for customized activites at sea, with joint efforts from operators, military and scientific communities