Municipal Wastewater Treatment Market Study

8/13/2019 Municipal Wastewater Treatment Market Study

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FEASIBILITY STUDY ON THE MUNICIPAL WASTE TREATMENT MARKET ANDNEW PRODUCT LINE EXPANSION

AUGUST 10, 2009

CONTENTS

Executive Summary……………………………………………………………………………….2Introduction…….....…………………………………………………………………………….....3Geographic Territory…...………………………………………………………………………....3Biosolids Quality…...……………………………………………………………………….….…6Terminology…….…………………………………………………………………………………9Market Potential……….…………………………………………………………………………18Technologies & Trends………….…………………………………………………………….…19Stabilization Technologies…..…………………………………………………………………..19Mechanical Dewatering…...……………………………………………………………………..21Applications…...…………………………………………………………………………………27Competition………...…………………………………………………………………………….31Resources…...…...……………………………………………………………………………….31Funding Sources……...…...……………………………………………………………………...34Marketing Plan………......……………………………………………………………………….37Conclusion……...………………………………………………………………………………..39Appendix…………………………………………………………………………………………41

ABBREVIATIONS USEDBDMS – Biosolids Data Management SystemCWNS – Clean Watersheds Needs SurveyMGD - Million Gallons per Day

NPDES – National Pollution Discharge Elimination SystemPOTWs – Publicly-Owned Treatment WorksUSEPA – United State Environmental Protection AgencySTP – Sewage Treatment PlantSRF – State Revolving FundARRA – American Recovery & Reinvestment Act


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EXECUTIVE SUMMARYIn the United States, the infrastructure that leads to the production of sewage sludge (also called“wastewater solids,” and – when treated and tested – “biosolids”) includes 16,583 wastewater treatmentfacilities, according to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Of these, the largest ~ 3,300facilities generate more than 92% of the total quantity of wastewater solids produced in the U.S.

The treated solids – biosolids – removed from wastewater at these wastewater treatment facilities – can belegally used or disposed of in three ways: by application to soils (“land application”), by landfilling (orsurface disposal), and by incineration. The Clean Water Act (CWA) provides the legal basis formanagement of biosolids nationwide, and regulations at 40 CFR Part 503 (Part 503) establish minimumnational standards that are protective of public health and the environment. Each local wastewatertreatment facility makes its own decision regarding how their solids are managed.

The Clean Watershed Needs Survey (CWNS) is considered the definitive source for primary informationon wastewater treatment plants and biosolids. It has been conducted by the USEPA every 4 Years since1992 and is used to assist congress and state legislatures in budgeting efforts, measures environmental

progress and inform the public. The data reported below is derived from much of the 2004 report but itshould be noted the 2008 survey was completed in March of this year and is now before Congress andshould be made available by the 4 th quarter of this year.

Data compiled from state regulatory agencies, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) offices,individual wastewater treatment facilities, and other sources indicate that 7,180,000 dry U.S. tons of

biosolids were beneficially used or disposed in the fifty states in 2004.

Of that total, approximately 55% were applied to soils for agronomic, silviculture, and/or land restoration purposes, or were likely stored for such use. The remaining 45% were disposed of in municipal solidwaste (MSW) landfills, surface disposal units, and/or incineration facilities.

Of the total applied to soils, most (63%) were disposed of in MSW landfills. Thirty-three percent were processed in incinerators, while the remaining 4% were placed in biosolids-only surface disposal units.

Of the total 7,180,000 dry U.S. tons of biosolids in 2004, approximately 23% were treated to Class Astandards – and almost all of that met Class A EQ standards. Another 34% were treated to Class Bstandards. For the remainder (43%), there is no data (or no data was obtained) regarding whether or not itmet Class A or Class B standards. This lack of data is mostly due to the fact that wastewater solids thatare landfilled or incinerated are not generally subjected to the same stabilization, testing and reportingrequirements. Most states have additional regulatory programs that go above and beyond Part 503.


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INTRODUCTION

1. What is the market potential for product sales to the municipal waste treatment market?2. What biosolid treatment technologies are currently in place and what are the trends.3. Who is the competition and who are some competitors?4. What are the key organizations; associations and agencies to consider with affiliation?5. What events should be attended?6. What funding sources are available; grants, ARRA stimulus money, loans, etc.?7. What are some ongoing tools and research studies to use?8. What advertising and marketing strategies should be pursued to reach the market

“players?”

GEOGRAPHIC TERRITORY Iowa The Iowa Department of Natural Resources (IDNR) oversees the wastewater discharge permit programfor Municipal Sewage Treatment Plants also referred to as Publicly-Owned Treatment Works (POTWs),Significant Industrial Users (SIUs) and Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs). Thereare approximately 1,800 CAFOs and 1,691 commercial/industrial operations. However the focusof this study is on the municipal sewage treatment facilities of which there are currently 833. Ofthis total 105 or 12.6% are considered “major” facilities while 728 or 87.4% are considered“minor” facilities. A major plant is considered >1.0 MGD (million gallons of daily waste flow).

City Demographics for the State of Iowa

Cities > 70K population (4);Des Moines (metropolitan area)Cedar Rapids (metropolitan area)Davenport/BettendorfSioux City

Cities >10K


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flow.Table 1

0.000 -to- 0.100 6.830 298 (0.9%)

0.101 -to- 1.000 6,431 2,327 (6.9%)

1.001 -to- 10.000 2,771 8.766 (26.1%)

10.001 -to- 100.000 503 13,233 (39.3%)

100.001 and greater 41 9,033 (26.8%)

Otherª 7 -

TOTALº 16,583 33,657 (100.0%)

Thus, the 13,261 smallest TWTDS – considered “minors” by USEPA – are in relatively smallcommunities. These small TWTDS manage their wastewater solids in ways that are notnecessarily represented by how larger TWTDS manage them. For example, minor (


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that most of the 6% “other” was also destined for beneficial uses (application to land). Thismeans that the rate of beneficial use of biosolids tracked in 2004 was probably close to 55%.

Agricultural uses of biosolids dominate the beneficial use practices (Figure 3). Most of this istraditional Class B land application, but a good portion is Class A – at least 613,000 dry U.S.

tons. The distribution of Class A “exceptional Quality” (EQ) biosolids makes up one quarter ofthe U.S. total and includes significant amounts of biosolids compost and heat-dried pelletfertilizer.


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Reclamation – the use of biosolids to improve disturbed or marginal soils and lands (e.g. minelands) – requires relatively large amounts of biosolids per acre of land, but only 3% of

beneficially used biosolids are land applied for this purpose. Some biosolids that were specifiedas having been applied to rangeland are included in the “forestland” category: clearly,silvicultural uses of biosolids are limited.

Most U.S. wastewater solids that are not applied to soils go to municipal solid (MSW) landfills(Figure 4 ). The 63% landfilled reported here for 2004 includes some that was used as alternativedaily cover. Disposition of wastewater solids by incineration (thermal oxidation) predominates ina few densely populated states (e.g. Connecticut, Rhode Island) and manages large volumes ofsolids in several other states (e.g. Anchorage, Cleveland and Indianapolis). In 2004 there were234 operating incinerators in the U.S. Dedicated surface disposal units, also known as monofills,handle only a small percentage of the nation’s wastewater solids.

BIOSOLIDS QUALITY

National Data Regarding Class A, Class B

The land application of sludge is regulated by the state which requires sludge to be treated before its use.There are two ways to treat sludge: pretreatment, which prevents pollutants such as PCBs and metalsfrom entering the sewer drains; and treatment at the wastewater facility for organisms that cause disease.Sludge is classified as either Class A or Class B, depending on the type of treatment it has received.Class A sludge has benefited from both pretreatment and treatment at the wastewater facility. The

pathogens in Class A biosolids cannot exceed certain levels set by the EPA.

Standards for Class B sludge are less stringent, and their use is therefore more regulated. A landownerwho wishes to use Class B sludge as an alternative to conventional fertilizers must apply to the stategoverning agency to register the site. Among other items, the application requires information on the typeof land, the amount of buffer zones, and the type of soil. The applicant must also provide information


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from the wastewater treatment facility on the type of pollutants and pathogens in the sludge, andcalculations of nutrient needs for the crops. The use of Class B sludge on land has been criticized by theCenter for Disease Control and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. A landownerusing Class A sludge does not have to register his land.

As of the 2004 survey, little overall change had occurred nationwide since the late 1990s in the rate of biosolids recycling to soils, and half of state biosolids coordinators reported that the amounts of biosolidsapplied to soils were not increasing in their states. However, the 2008 survey may reveal some newfindings due to costs, regulations and environmental concerns

For a large percentage of wastewater solids (2,903,000) dry U.S. tons or 43%), there is no data(or no data was obtained) regarding whether or not it met Class A or Class B standards.This lack of data is mostly due to the fact that wastewater solids that are landfilled or incineratedare not generally subjected to the same stabilization, testing, and reporting requirements. Itshould be noted that there are some YWTDS that produce Class A biosolids (e.g. heat dried

pellets) that are burned in incinerators and can provide an energy recovery benefit.

Of the remaining 57% of biosolids for which quality data were available for 2004, 60%(2,273,000 dry U.S. tons) were Class B and 40% (1,532,000 dry U.S. tons) were Class A.Almost all of the Class A biosolids met the Exceptional Quality (EQ) criteria.

Table 2 – State-by-State Population, Wastewater, and Total Solids Used / Disposed in 2004.


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TERMINOLOGY

Advanced TreatmentA level of wastewater treatment more stringent than secondary treatment; requires an 85-percentreduction in conventional pollutant concentration or a significant reduction in nonconventional

pollutants.

Advanced Wastewater TreatmentAny treatment of sewage that goes beyond the secondary or biological water treatment stage andincludes the removal of nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen and a high percentage ofsuspended solids. (See primary, secondary treatment).

Primary Waste TreatmentFirst steps in wastewater treatment; screens and sedimentation tanks are used to remove mostmaterials that float or will settle. Primary treatment results in the removal of about 30 percent ofcarbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand from domestic sewage.

Secondary treatmentIn sewage treatment, either the aerobic or anaerobic decomposition of sewage following theremoval of nondegradable objects by primary treatment. Generally, a level of treatment thatremoves 85 per cent of BOD and suspended solids. Also called biological treatment, referring tothe treatment of sewage to a stage where the pollutants (settle able, colloidal and dissolved) areremoved biologically by the action of microorganisms.

Water exiting secondary treatment will still carry nitrogen, phosphorus, heavy metals, pathogens,and bacteria. For further removal of pollutants the water is transported to a tertiary treatmentsystem and disinfection. There are a variety of secondary treatment processes; the following are

conventional processes used by treatment plants:• Activated sludge• Trickling filter• Oxidation ponds

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soil fertility or structure and therefore further some natural resource management objective.Other synonymous expressions include, “end use,” “biosolids recycling,” and “biosolidsrecycling to soils.”

Biomass

A mass or clump of living organisms feeding on the wastes in wastewater, dead organisms andother debris.

BioreactorA facility which uses microorganisms to degrade water-based contaminants.

BiosolidsThe semi-solid end product of wastewater treatment. Organic solid product suitable for

beneficial use used esp. as fertilizer resulting from processing the sludge produced by sewagetreatment processes. The term “biosolids” is in widespread use amongst water quality

professionals in North America. Its generally accepted definitions refer to agricultural uses or

land application

BODBOD is the biochemical oxygen demand of the wastewater (mg/l). The BOD is obtained fromclosed batch tests which operate for a number of days. BOD 5 (five day biochemical oxygendemand [2]) that pass through the primary treatment stage. All secondary treatment systems use a

biological process to break down organic matter.

Chemical conditioningMixing chemicals with a sludge prior to dewatering to improve the solids separationcharacteristics. Typical conditioners include polyelectrolytes, iron salts, and lime.

ClarificationAny process or combination of processes whose primary purpose is to reduce the concentrationof suspended matter in a liquid; formerly used as a synonym for settling or sedimentation. Inrecent years, the latter terms are preferred to describe settling processes.

ClarifierThe clarifier, or secondary settler, is a large vessel or tank where the activated sludge solids areseparated from the mixed liquor by gravity settling. Any large circular or rectangularsedimentation tank used to remove settleable solids in water or wastewater. A special type ofclarifier, called an upflow clarifier, uses flotation rather than sedimentation to remove solids.

Combined sewerA sewer intended to receive both wastewater and stormwater.

Contact stabilizationA wastewater treatment plant in which there are two tanks, one for the adsorption of organicmatter onto the suspended solids and another for oxidation of the adsorbed materials.


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Decomposition of wastewater(1) The breakdown of organic matter in wastewater by bacterial action, either aerobic oranaerobic.

(2) Chemical or biological transformation of organic or inorganic materials contained in

wastewater.

Dewater(1) To extract a portion of the water present in a sludge or slurry.

(2) To drain or remove water from an enclosure. A structure may be dewatered so that it can beinspected or repaired.

DigesterA tank or other vessel for the storage and anaerobic or aerobic decomposition of organic matterin sludge.

Digestion(1) The biological decomposition of the organic matter in sludge, resulting in partial liquefaction,mineralization, and volume reduction.

(2) The process carried out in a digester.

DisposalRefers to disposition of solids in ways that do not take advantage of the soil-enriching qualities –this includes incineration, landfilling and surface disposal.

Domestic wastewaterWastewater derived principally from nonindustrial sources (e.g., dwellings, business buildings,institutions, etc.).

Extended aeration The extended aeration process is a type of secondary (biological) treatment.It is a modification ofthe conventional activated sludge process andoperates in the endogenous phase of growth, in which there is not enough food remaining in thesystem to support all of the microorganisms present.The microorganisms are aerated and suspended within the sewage, where aerobic degradation ofthe pollutants takes place. Residence time is of theorder of 24 hours compared to around 6 hours in conventional activated sludge tanks.

F/M RatioThe food to microorganism ratio uaed to provide a broad indication of the amount of

biodegradable material (or load) entering the treatment plant, as a function of time. Since BOD isused as one of the parameters and the term M is based upon the MLVSS or mixed liquor volatilesuspended solids, F/M is usually an historical measure rather than a control parameter. Similarly


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F/M determination would usually be subject to significant error and variability particularly overchanges of sludge age.

Filtered wastewaterWastewater that has passed through a mechanical filtering process.

FiltrationA process whereby suspended and (some) colloidal matter is removed from water andwastewater by passage through a granular medium. A treatment process for removing solid(particulate) matter from water by passing the water through porous media such as sand or aman-made filter.

Final effluentThe effluent from the final treatment unit of a wastewater treatment plant.

Final sedimentation

The separation of solids from wastewater in the last settling tank of a treatment plant.

Fresh sludgeSludge in which decomposition is little advanced.

Gallons per day (gpd)A unit of measurement for the flow rate of water, wastewater, or other liquid.

Gallons per minute (gpm)A unit of measurement for the flow rate of water, wastewater, or other liquid.

Industrial wastewaterWastewater derived from industrial sources or processes.

LagoonIn wastewater treatment, a large earthen basin used for extended aeration processes or to holdexcess influent during high-flow episodes.

Mechanical Aeration(1) Mixing, by mechanical means, of wastewater and activated sludge in the biological reactor ofthe activated-sludge process to bring fresh surfaces of liquid into contact with the atmosphere.

(2) The introduction of atmospheric oxygen into a liquid by the mechanical action of paddle, paddle wheel, spray, or turbine mechanisms.

Membrane filtration (MF)1Techniques such as microfiltration, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis used in tertiary treatment

processes to produce high-grade effluents for specific purposes.


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Membrane filtration (MF)2The use of a non-absorbent porous membrane to trap particles (including bacteria) which allowthe water to filter through. It is a technique used to enumerate low numbers of bacteria in water

by concentration the cells on the filters surface where they may be grown to form visiblecountable colonies. Pore sizes commonly employed are of 0.22 and 0.45 microns diameter

MicrofiltrationThe process of passing wastewater through porous membranes in the form of sheets or tubes toremove suspended and particulate material. Pore sizes can be very small and particles down to0.2 microns can be filtered.

Million gallons per day (mgd)A measure of flow equal to 1.547 ft3/sec, 681 gallons per minute, or 3.785 m3/d.

Mixed liquorA mixture of raw or settled wastewater and activated sludge contained in an aeration tank in the

activated-sludge process. See mixed liquor suspended solids.

Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids (MLSS)The total amount (comcentration) of inorganic and organic material in suspension in the mixedliquor in the aerobic reactor. It is quantified in the same way as SS and has the same units (mg/l).

Mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS)That fraction of the suspended solids in activated sludge mixed liquor that can be driven off bycombustion at 550 degrees Celsius. It indicates the concentration of microorganisms availablefor biological oxidation

Mixing chamberA chamber used to facilitate the mixing of chemicals with liquid or the mixing of two or moreliquids of different characteristics. It may be equipped with a mechanical device thataccomplishes the mixing.

Nitrogen (N)An essential nutrient that is often present in wastewater as ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, and organicnitrogen. The concentrations of each form and the sum (total nitrogen) are expressed asmilligrams per liter (mg/L) elemental nitrogen. Also present in some groundwater as nitrate andin some polluted groundwater in other forms. See nutrient.

Nutrient removalTertiary treatment introduced to remove some of the trace compounds and elements contained inmost domestic wastewaters, e.g. inorganic ammonia, nitrates, phosphates and sulfates, which arelittle affected by conventional treatment processes.

Oxidation ditchA ring-shaped channel, 11.5 m deep, around which wastewater circulates at 0.3-0.6 ms-1, isaerated by mechanical rotors and undergoes biological treatment by the resident microbes.


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Oxidation Ponds or LagoonsHolding ponds designed to allow the decomposition or organic wastes by aerobic or anaerobicmeans.

Phosphorus Removal

The process of removing phosphorus from the wastewater by precipitation, adsorption or biological means.

Physical-Chemical TreatmentProcesses generally used in large-scale wastewater treatment facilities such as air-stripping orfiltration (physical), chlorination, or ozone addition (chemical).

Plug flowFlow in which fluid particles are discharged from a tank or pipe in the same order in which theyentered the tank. The particles retain their discrete identifies and remain in the tank for a timeequal to the theoretical detention time.

Plug-flow reactorsReactors that are not mixed and, therefore, exhibit a concentration gradient along their length.

Raw sludgeSettled sludge promptly removed from sedimentation tanks before significant decomposition hasoccurred.

Raw wastewaterWastewater before it receives any treatment.

Retention timeThe length of time a wastewater remains in a clarification tank, an important design parameter inthe optimization of settling of suspended solids.

ReuseUse of reclaimed water for a beneficial purpose. Examples of reuse applications are as follows:

Secondary clarifierA settling tank following secondary treatment designed to remove part of the suspended matter

by gravity. Also called a secondary sedimentation tank.

SedimentationThe process of subsidence and decomposition of suspended matter or other liquids by gravity. Itis typically accomplished by reducing the velocity of the liquid below the point at which it cantransport the suspended material. It can be variously classified as discrete, flocculant, hindered,and zone sedimentation. It may be enhanced by coagulation and flocculation. Also calledsettling.


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Sewage Treatment Plant (STP)A facility using biological secondary treatment technology which removes fine and dissolvedorganic matter, and with disinfection to destroy bacteria and viruses.

SewerageThe pipes and other infrastructure used to convey sewage.

SludgeThe accumulation of solids resulting from chemical coagulation, flocculation and sedimentationafter water or wastewater treatment. The solids which are removed from wastewater by primaryand secondary treatment. Screenings and grit are usually removed separately. See activatedsludge and biosolids.

Sludge blanketAccumulation of sludge hydrodynamically suspended within an enclosed body of water or

wastewater.

Sludge conditioningAddition of chemicals, polyelectrolytes or heat treatment to improve the rate of dewatering.Treatment of liquid sludge, usually by heat treatment or addition of chemicals, before dewateringto facilitate water removal and enhance drainability.

Sludge density indexA measure of the degree of compaction of a sludge after settling in a graduated container,expressed in milliliters per gram (mL/g). The sludge density index is the reciprocal of the sludgevolume index (SVI).

Sludge dewateringThe mechanical unit operation used to reduce the moisture content of sludge to 70 75% and thusensure that the remaining sludge residue effectively behaves as a solid for handling purposes.The process of removing a part of the water from the sludge to convert to a semisolid form.Methods used include draining, pressing, vaccum filtration, pressure filtration, centrifugation andothers.

Sludge stabilizationThe process of destroying or inactivating pathogens. Any treatment including such operations asanaerobic or aerobic digestion which converts sludge to a form which can be disposed of withouta detrimental effect on the environment.

Sludge Volume Index (SVI)A measure of the ability of sludge to settle, coalesce and compact on settlement. The ratio of thevolume (in milliliters) of sludge settled from a 1000-mL sample in 30 minutes to theconcentration of mixed liquor (in milligrams per liter [mg/L]) multiplied by 1000. The SVI is thereciprocal of the sludge density index.


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Sludge Yield (Y)The quantity of solids left over at the end of the secondary treatment processes, consisting ofdead cells, surplus microorganisms, non-biodegradable materials.

Solids inventoryMass of sludge in the treatment system. Inventory of plant solids should be tracked through theuse of mass balance set of calculations.

Solids loadingAmount of solids applied to a treatment process per unit time per unit volume.

Solids retention time (SRT)The average time of retention of suspended solids in a biological wastewater treatment system.Equals the total weight of suspended solids leaving the system per unit time

Stabilization pondA quiescent, diked pond in which wastewater undergoes biological treatment under microbialaction.

Suspended growthThe free-moving, aerobic, microbial culture used in the biological treatment of wastewater by theactivated sludge process.

Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)The sum of the inorganic and organic materials dissolved in water. Total Suspended Solids(TSS): The sum of all insoluble particles suspended in a water.

Trickling filterA biological treatment device; wastewater is trickled over a bed of stones covered with bacterialgrowth. The bacteria break down the organic wastes in the sewage and produce cleaner water.

Waste Activated Sludge (WAS)Excess activated sludge removed from the treatment process to maintain the micro-organism

population in balance with the sewage inflow.

WastewaterWater which has been used, at least once, and has thereby been rendered unsuitable for reuse forthat purpose without treatment and which is collected and transported through sewers.Wastewater normally includes water from both domestic and industrial sources.

Wastewater CharacterizationA complex fractionation of an influent wastewater which usually divides COD and TKN intosubsets. Usually used in activated sludge process modelling.Wastewater Inventory A detailed listing of all wastewater sources including data on flow,temperature, BOD, suspended solids and other parameters necessary to define quality.


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MARKET POTENTIAL

Regional and local governments that operate their own water and sewer systems spend $55 billion annually on water and sewer services. Additionally there are 5,333 commercial water and

sewer companies with combined annual revenues of $7.3 billion who also purchase products andservices from waste water treatment industry vendors. The commercial industry is fairlyconcentrated: the 50 largest companies account for 65% of industry revenue.

High growth niches in the sedimentation market

The $5 billion dollar worldwide market for sedimentation and centrifugation equipment includesclarifiers, thickeners, dissolved air flotation device, hydroclclones and centrifuges. Somesegments of this market are slow growing. Municipal wastewater is the largest application forsedimentation and centrifugation equipment followed by the food, mineral, power and

pharmaceutical industries. Waste water treatment facilities are considered a “high growth niche”

mainly due to retooling of aging treatment plants and growing population need. The marketplaceis being served by more than 1,000 companies. Most are specialized by industry, equipment typeand geography.

China is the fastest growing market of sedimentation and centrifugation equipment. China is building large numbers of wastewater treatment plants. Most include clarifies. Many are usingcentrifuges for sludge dewartering. The Chinese market for sedimentation and centrifugationequipment currently at $1.5 billion is forecast to grow to $1.9 billion in 2009. (Source; the McIlvaineCompany).

Growth driven by infrastructure capital investment needsPopulation growth and urban sprawl increase the collection (sewer) system needed to movewastewater to centralized treatment plants. Although the 5-year life expectancy of a sewersystem is longer than that of treatment equipment (15 to 20 years), renovation needs of a sewersystem can be more costly. EPA’s 2004 Clean Watershed Needs Survey found over $200 billionis needed for the nation’s sewer infrastructure in the next 20 years. Adjusted for inflation thisneed is now almost $240 billion and the states believe this is a very conservative figure. Thus,there is a gap of $12 billion per year over the next 20 years and this gap is growing every yearthere is a failure to address it. The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, signed into law $4

billion to fund wastewater infrastructure projects, and $2 billion to fund drinking waterinfrastructure projects, nationwide.

Prior to the ARRA stimulus money the Federal government has historically reduced the StateRevolving Fund (SRF) which plummeted from $1.35 billion for 2004 to $687 million for 2008.The SRF is the primary lending source for states seeking federal money on infrastructure

projects. The Federal government now only provides 3% of the funding for wastewater treatmentinfrastructure down from 78% in 1978. As a cautionary note, a long-term new productdevelopment strategy based in part on government funding and subsidies for state infrastructure

projects is risky due to state budget stress, unstable bond markets, current deficit spending,social-political burdens of increased water fees and taxes and future depletion of theinfrastructure funding supply after the ARRA money has “run out.”


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States and localities are taking on huge burdens to replace aging infrastructure even as furtherFederal mandates have been placed on the states. There has been tremendous progress madeimproving the nation’s waters. Reinvestment in wastewater infrastructure must be made before

backsliding begins. The following table demonstrates the need and disparity in funding.

Clean Water State Revolving Loan FundStimulus under ARRA(31 States responding)

Projects: Number of ProjectsStates Expect to Fund

1,064

Number of Bona Fide

ApplicationsReceived

8,007

Applications Unableto Fund

6,943

Funding:Total Dollar Amount

of Applications$40 Billion

Amount of StimulusFunds Received

$2.5 Billion*

Unmet demand $37.6 Billion* Currently allocated Source: ASIWPCA

TECHNOLOGIES & TRENDS

Stabilization TechnologiesAerobic digestion Aerobic digestion is a bacterial process occurring in the presence of oxygen. Under aerobic conditions, bacteria rapidly consume organic matter and convert it into carbon dioxide. Theoperating costs are characteristically much greater for aerobic digestion because of the energycosts needed to add oxygen to the process. Another growing concern is carbon emissions and thethreat it poses to global warming. Smaller cities and urban large scale communities are designingmore eco-friendly systems such as constructed wetlands and reed bed lagoons.

The reed bed system uses a modified sand-drying bed planted with the common reed Phragmites.Under normal weather conditions, the reeds can grow to their full height of 8 ft in 1 year. Thesereeds help the dewatering process in several ways. The reeds themselves help dewater sludge byevapo-transpiration. The microorganisms on the reeds and sludge help to further destructorganics. Dewatering and biological destruction substantially reduce sludge volume so that thesludge can be stored for 10 years in the reedn addition, Membrane Bio-reactors provide


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advanced treatment and remove nutrients better creating a smaller footprint than conventionaltreatment plants. Effluent can be reused or groundwater recharged

Thermophilic aerobic treatment processes have undergone a fair amount of research anddevelopment in recent years for treatment of residuals (sludge) from domestic wastewater

treatment plants. The process is used fairly extensively in Europe and is gaining acceptance inthe United States. Thermophilic treatment processes operate at temperatures between 40°C and60°C. Because biological oxidation of organic matter is exothermal, the process can be made to

be autothermal if precautions are taken to conserve heat, and the concentration of biodegradableorganic matter in the feed source is sufficiently high. The benefits of thermophilic treatment

processes for treatment of sludge and high strength wastewaters are many.

The first step in biological treatment is hydrolysis of organic matter, which makes the solublesubstrate available for biological oxidation. The high operating temparatures of the thermophilic

process has been shown to highly accelerate the hydrolysis process, making it posssible toachieve equivalent levels of organic removal at much shorter hydraulic retention times and

consequently, much smaller reactor volumes compared to conventional aerobic or anaerobictreatment systems operating in the mesophilic temperature range. Additionally, the organismsthat predominate in the thermophilic systems exhibit a very low rate of new cell synthesis(biosolids production). Biosolids production in thermophilic systems is a small fraction of thequantity generated by mesophilic aerobic treatment processes. Since disposal of excess sludge isa major operating cost for any biological treatment system, this characteristic is one of the

primary benefits of thermophilic treatment processes.

Anaerobic digestion Anaerobic digestion is a series of processes in which microorganisms break down biodegradable material in the absence of oxygen. It is widely used to treat wastewater sludges and organic

waste because it provides volume and mass reduction of the input material. The process caneither be thermophilic digestion, in which sludge is fermented in tanks at a temperature of 55°C,or mesophilic , at a temperature of around 36°C. Though allowing shorter retention time (and thussmaller tanks), thermophilic digestion is more expensive in terms of energy consumption forheating the sludge.

As part of an integrated waste management system, anaerobic digestion reduces the emission oflandfill gas into the atmosphere. Anaerobic digestion is widely used as a renewable energy source because the process produces a methane and carbon dioxide rich biogas suitable forenergy production helping replace fossil fuels. Also, the nutrient-rich digestate can be used asfertilizer. One major feature of anaerobic digestion is the production of biogas , which can be

used in generators for electricity production and/or in boilers for heating purposes. CompostingComposting is also an aerobic process that involves mixing the sludge with sources of carbon such as sawdust, straw or wood chips. In the presence of oxygen, bacteria digest both thewastewater solids and the added carbon source and, in doing so, produce a large amount of heat.


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ThermalWhen a liquid sludge is produced, further treatment may be required to make it suitable for finaldisposal. Typically, sludges are thickened (dewatered) to reduce the volumes transported off-sitefor disposal. There is no process which completely eliminates the need to dispose of biosolids.There is, however, an additional step some cities are taking to superheat (thermal) the wastewater

sludge and convert it into small pelletized granules that are high in nitrogen and other organicmaterials. Many major plants contain dewatering facilities that use large centrifuges along withthe addition of chemicals such as polymer to further remove liquid from the sludge. The removedfluid, called centrate, is typically reintroduced into the wastewater process. The product which isleft is called "cake" and that is picked up by companies which turn it into fertilizer pellets. This

product is then sold to local farmers and turf farms as a soil amendment or fertilizer, reducing theamount of space required to dispose of sludge in landfills.

Mechanical Dewatering

Dewatering serves the following purposes:•

Reducing the biosolids volume, thus reducing storage and transportation costs.• Eliminating free liquids before landfill disposal.• Reducing fuel requirements if residuals are to be incinerated or dried.• Producing a material which will have sufficient void space and volatile solids for

composting when blended with a bulking agent.• Avoiding the potential of biosolids pooling and runoff associated with liquid land

application.• Optimizing subsequent processes such as thermal drying.

Most of the 16,000 publically owned wastewater treatment plants in the U.S. are small and donot mechanically dewater sewage sludge.

The majority of the largest plants on the other hand use centrifuges. The development ofcentrifuges to achieve dry solids content of more than 30% has led to the selection on this type ofdewatering device where the sludge is incinerated or where sludge would otherwise have to bethermally dried.

Belt Filter PressPlants smaller than 5 MGD nearly all use belt filter presses. Belt filter presses are used to removewater from liquid wastewater residuals and produce a non-liquid material referred to as “cake”.Dewatered residuals, or cake, vary in consistency from that of custard to moist soil.

A belt filter dewaters by applying pressure to the biosolids to squeeze out the water. Biosolidssandwiched between two tensioned porous belts are passed over and under rollers of variousdiameters. Increased pressure is created as the belt passes over rollers which decrease indiameter. Many designs of belt filtration processes are available, but all incorporate thefollowing basic features: polymer conditioning zone, gravity drainage zones, low pressuresqueezing zone, and high pressure squeezing zones.

Advanced designs provide a large filtration area, additional rollers, and variable belt speeds that


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can increase cake solids by five percent. The general mechanical components of a belt filter pressinclude dewatering belts, rollers and bearings, belt tracking and tensioning system, controls anddrives, and a belt washing system

Advantages •

Staffing requirements are low, especially if the equipment is large enough to process thesolids in one shift.• Maintenance is relatively simple and can usually be completed by a wastewater treatment

plant maintenance crew. Replacing the belt is the major maintenance cost.• Belt presses can be started and shut down quickly compared to centrifuges, which require

up to an hour to build up speed• There is less noise associated with belt presses compared to

Disadvantages• Odors may be a problem, but can be controlled with good ventilation systems and

chemicals, such as potassium permanganate, to neutralize odor-causing compounds.

However, some manufacturers offer fully enclosed equipment to minimize odors andreduce vapors in the operating room air.

• Belt presses require more operator attention if the feed solids vary in their solidsconcentration or organic matter. This should not be a problem if the belt presses are fedfrom well-mixed digesters.

• Wastewater solids with higher concentrations of oil and grease can result in blinding the belt filter and lower solids content cake.

• Wastewater solids must be screened and/or ground to minimize the risk of sharp objectsdamaging the belt.

• Belt washing at the end of each shift, or more frequently, can be time consuming 14-3/9:)3/ ,135/ 1


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however, this equipment is too expensive and too large for their needs. Therefore, many smallerfacilities rely on the sand filter drying beds for sludge dewatering. It requires a special grade ofsand to properly filter the biosolid affluent. Only efficient with very small operations.

Centrifuges

The majority of the largest plants use centrifuges. The development ofcentrifuges to achieve dry solids content on more than 30% has led to theselection on this type of dewatering device where the sludge is incineratedor where the sludge would have otherwise have to be thermally dried.

Not surprisingly the most populous states have the most installations. In New York for example there are 130 facilities utilizing 300 belt filter presses, 27 facilities utilize centrifuges. However, these centrifuges produce 133,000 dry tons of sludge per year vs. 185,000 tpy for facilitieswith belt presses. New York City alone operates more than 50 centrifuges.13 facilities in New York State operate plate and frame filter presses and

only 6 facilities have vacuum filters.

The largest supplier of centrifuges in the US is Alfa Laval , followed by Eimco and GEA(Westfalia Centrico) .

Plate & Frame Press The Plate & Frame Press has been around for 30 years. This simple technology designed to treatthe underflow of a Thickener or Clarifier. The major advantage a Plate & Frame Press has versusa Belt Filter Press is that the units require no additional polymer / chemicals after the Thickenerand no person is needed to watch the system run.In dewatering very fine solids (-325 mesh) from wash water, the PLATE & FRAME PRESS

dehydrates sludge by squeezing the water out (recovering 85-90% of the water) and formingeasy-to-handle, solid dry cakes that can be transported via truck or conveyor belt. Units aretypically installed after a Thickener and can be retrofitted to replace existing (and expensive) beltfilter presses

Vacuum Filters Vacuum Filters are considered one of the oldest mechanical sludgedewatering methods at WWTPs and use vacuum filtration. Vacuum filtershave historically used ferric chloride with lime to improve dewatering

performance. Over the past 10 years vacuum filters have switched to polymers. Although polymers are simpler to add and less corrosive tomechanical equipment and contribute less to the final disposal volumethey do not provide a direct hydrogen sulfide reduction and are thus havehigher odor intensities

Thermal Dryer There are two major types of thermal dryers to achieve Class A biosolids:direct and indirect dryer. Indirect dryer operates at lower temperature thandirect dryer. The heat transfer medium is not directly in contact with the


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The waste material, paper sludge, produced from the manufacturing of paper has material valueand can be utilized as a fuel supplement in the plant’s boilers. Paper sludge at a 70-80% totalsolids content, contains a moderate level of energy which can be economically recovered.

Paper sludge prior to water removal has limited use and is usually discarded into landfills. Byremoving the majority of the water from the paper sludge, the energy content of the waste isshifted from minimal to moderate. After water removal, it is recommended that the paper sludgeis pelletized to ease handling and increase boiler retention time for a thorough burn. The neteconomics are positive for this process and system.

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A new use for the Tempest is the processing of contaminatedsoils in the oil and gas industry. Oil and Gas collection facility

soil covers are historically contaminated with saltwater and oil.Trials conducted in Oklahoma have shown that the salt and oilcan be removed from the gravel and soil in the Tempest. Thesalt and oil are collected at the air discharge of the Tempestsystem and can be treated further with other processes. The soiland gravel can then be reused on the site eliminating the needfor disposal of a petroleum contaminated material.

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This is the product left over from the beer brewing process. The spent grain can mold within a

few days. Causing problems with storage of the product when supply overcomes demand forlivestock feed. The dried spent grain processed by the Tempest can be stored or bagged forlonger periods and sold as a feed additive. The value of the product is determined by thenutritional value that remains in the product.

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This is purest form of Calcium Carbonate (limestone) in granularform and harvested from the ocean bottom. It is utilized in the glassand bottle production and in pollution control system for power


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plants. The end-product requirement is 99.5% solids, which allowsthe Aragonite to readily mix with other additives and to minimize the amount of heat required inthe glass making process. The Tempest designed for this application will dry up to 40 wet tons

per hour and does not require milling of the product.

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The residue resulting from dredging operations has had in the past limited disposal practices andlocations. However, the Tempest system was part of a pilot project at the U.S. Naval Station inMayport, Florida. The residue from the many years of dredging at the Naval Station had resultedin an overflow of the available land to store and house this material. Under a pilot programinstituted by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the Tempest system was utilized to dry thisresidue from 60% solids to 85%-92% solids, providing this dried and powdery material to anadobe block processor.

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This is the sludge generated from any processing plants that does not allow human wasteintrusion into the waste water stream. The cost savings associated with the Tempest process isthe reduction of transportation and potential by-product utilization after it is dried. Drying theSludge turns it into a fertilizer while a 3 to 1 weight reduction reduces the transportation ofwater.

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The Lime Sludge when wet is extremely hard to handle and apply. The dried lime sludge produced by the Tempest has significant value to farmers as an agricultural lime. When dried it

resembles talcum powder.

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Global Resource Recovery Organization has developed the technology and processes a costeffective animal manure drying system. With site specific information, GRRO can providesolutions for the beneficial reuse, as well as volume and weight reductions of the manure. These

reductions decrease transportation and application costs. This will aid the farmer and ranchersconform to the proposed US EPA CAFO manure managementrules and regulations.

Efficient manure management can be accomplished with theTempest Recycler Processor where the wet manure is directlyremoved from the holding facility and mixed with previouslydried manure. The ratio of mixture is dependent upon the watercontent of both materials. The blended mixture is easy handledand can be processed in a highly efficient manner at high through

put rates.

Processing the manure on a daily basis will drastically reduce the generation of anaerobic gasesand the odor associated with them. The Tempest recycler will also eliminate the need for longterm liquid storage of the manure and offset many of the requirements in the proposed US EPACAFO rule concerning manure storage areas and conform to the zero discharge requirements.

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Plastic film that is recovered from the paper recycling process has proven to be an excellentmaterial for processing through the Tempest Dryers. The plastic film covering paper items, suchas beverage containers, is recovered during the re-pulping process. The plastic film is floated off

the tank and is baled. The excess moisture on the plastic is removed through the Tempest DryingSystem. This allows the facility to manufacture plastic pellets with no water content andincreases the values of the “waste” product. These plastic pellets have significant energy valueand can be added to other lower energy products to enhance the overall BTU content of the fuel.

The Tempest Drying System plays an important role in this recycling process as it is critical torid the plastic of any moisture in the most cost effective way possible. In recycling wastematerials, the Tempest Drying System can provide an economical process for the removal ofwater and transform the waste material into a saleable product.

COMPETITION

Following are some manufacturers currently in providing dewatering/drying solutions:

American Process Group http://www.amprocessgroup.com/

B&P Process Equipment http://www.bpprocess.com/


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IPEC http://www.ipec.ca/index.html

Aquatech Techhttp://www.aquatech.com/

Siemens Water Technologies http://www.water.siemens.com/en/Pages/default.aspx

Monsolhttp://www.monsal.com/

Elecotechhttp://www.elcotech.ca/

Additional product suppliers may be found at Water Online; http://www.wateronline.com/

RESOURCES

Agencies:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) www.epa.gov/

Region 7 - Serving Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, and 9 Tribal NationsRegion 5 - Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, and Wisconsin.

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Water Conservation Laboratory (USDA) - (Beneficial Use of Biosolids)www.usda.gov

Water Environment Research Foundation (WERF) www.werf.org National League of Cities (NLC) www.nlc.org National Center for Environmental research (NCER) www.epa.gov/ncerCouncil of Infrastructure Financing Authorities (CIFA) www.cifanet.org/index.htmlEnvironmental Council of States (ECOS) www.ecos.org

Associations: Solid Waste Association of North America (SWANA) www.swana.orgAssociation of Metropolitan Sewerage Agencies (AMSA) www.amsa-cleanwater.org

National Biosolids Partnership www.biosolids.org National Association Clean Water Agencies (HACWA) - formally; National Association of Metropolitan

Sewage Agencies www.nacwa.org/ Water Environment federation (WEF) www.wef.orgAmerican Water Works Association (AWWA) www.awwa.org


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National Rural Water Association (NRWA) www.nrwa.org Association of State and Interstate Water Pollution Control Administrators (ASIWPCA)www.asiwpca.org

National Association of Counties (NAC) 000G41N*G*35Association of State Drinking Water Administrators (ASDWA) www.asdwa.org

Water Resue AssociationAssociation of Water Technologies (AWT) www.awt.org/International Water Resource Association www.irc.nl/page/6776

National Association of Clean Water Associations (NACWA) www.nacwa.org

Iowa Organizations:Iowa Water Pollution Control Association (IWPCA) www.iawpca.orgIowa Department of Natural Resources (IDNR) www.iowadnr.govWastewater Public Information Exchange (WWPIE); state of Iowa

https://programs.iowadnr.gov/wwpie/Iowa Association of Sanitation Agencies (IASA)

Journal Publications:Journal Water Pollution Control FederationWater Environment Research http://www.werf.org/net/search.aspxJournal American Water Works AssociationWater Engineering & Management & Civil Engineering, and Industrial WastesBooks:Wastewater Engineering: Treatment and Reuse (Hardcover) - Amazon $158 - "Journal Water Pollution

Control Federation"000G1


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www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-0471650714,descCd-emf_form.html

Events:WEF TEC 2009Orange County Convention Center

Orlando, FloridaConference: October 10-14, 2009Exhibition: October 12-14, 2009http://www.weftec.org/home.htm

24th Annual Water Reuse SymposiumSeattle, WASept. 13-16cosponsored by the AWWA and WEFhttp://www.watereuse.org/conferences/symposium/24

TMDL 2009Total Maximum Daily Load - Combining Science and Management to Restore Impaired Waterssponsored by WEFHilton MinneapolisMinneapolis, Minnesota - August 9-12, 2009www.wef.org/ConferencesTraining/ConferencesEvents/TMD

Tools: National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/

Economic Framework for Evaluating the Benefits and Costs of Biosolids Management Options (WERF)http://www.werf.org/AM/CustomSource/Downloads/uGetExecutiveSummary.cfm?File=ES-04-CTS-2.pdf&ContentFileID=9208

Federal & State Biosolids Contacts (Regional & State Biosolids Coordinatorshttp://www.epa.gov/owm/mtb/biosolids/503pe/503pe_b.pdf

Iowa Watershed Quality Task Force Contactshttp://www.iowadnr.gov/water/taskforce/files/members.pdf

ASI Activated Sludge Glossary

http://www.activatedsludge.info/glossary.asp

NPDES Glossaryhttp://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/glossary.cfm?program_id=0

Grants.govwww.grants.gov


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Research Studies (paid):

US commercial water and sewer industryPublished Date: July 2009 Published By: First Research, Inc.

Page Count: 10Mindbranch: $129http://www.mindbranch.com/Water-Sewer-Utilities-R3470-2878/

U.S. Municipal Wastewater Treatment Facilities & People DatabasePublished By: The McIlvaine CompanyOnline ApplicationMcIlvaine Company: $3.000.00/yr, (additional user: $100.00/yr .)http://www.mcilvainecompany.com/brochures/MWTPSamples/default.html

Sewerage Systems (SIC:4952)Published By: Prime Industrial Reportrs.comCounty level - $119 per reportState level - $99 per report

National level - $89 per reporthttp://www.primeindustryreports.com/content/4952-Sewerage-Systems.htm

Market Research Studies (various sales and marketing studies, analytical tools and forecasts)Published By: The McIlvaine Company

http://www.mcilvainecompany.com/brochures/water.html

FUNDING SOURCES

ARRA - The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act “Stimulus”

Water Infrastructure Funding in the ARRAThe American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA) contains $13.5 billion for projectsin water infrastructure construction and improvements. Just over half of those funds will go towardcapitalization grants for states and local governments to improve their drinking water and wastewater

treatment systems, while the other half will go to water infrastructure projects conducted by such entitiesas the U.S. Army Corp of Engineers (Corps) and Bureau of Reclamation (Bureau).

The total ARRA funding for water-infrastructure projects is divided between five federal agenciesand one commission and is subject to the general ARRA goal that at least 50 percent of the funds go toactivities that can be obligated within 120 days of enactment, unless otherwise indicated .

Funding for Wastewater and Drinking Water-Infrastructure Improvements


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The Clean Water Act (CWA) and Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) both provide for federalcapitalization grants to support the Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (SRF), which in turn provideslow- or no-interest loans to communities for water-infrastructure projects.

Congress provided an additional $4 billion in funding for municipal wastewater-treatment facilities

and $2 billion for drinking-water improvements. These funds are managed by the U.S. EnvironmentalProtection Agency (EPA). The $6 billion represents four times the amount of funding these programsreceived in 2008, while the ARRA also eliminated the need for states to provide a 20-percent matchingamount for each project. The chart below shows the expected amount each state will receive for boththeir CWA grants and SDWA SRF loans. Priority will be given to projects that can commenceconstruction within a year of the ARRA enactment. For communities with populations of 10,000 peopleor fewer, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Rural Utilities Service (RUS) provides additionalfunds for water- and wastewater-related infrastructure projects. Congress approved $1.38 billion infunding for the program in the ARRA, with $968 million in grants and $412 million in direct loans,which is 2.5 times more than the 2008 funding level. This funding will help alleviate the program’s$2.4 billion in backlog requests.

General Water Efficiency Infrastructure Funding in the ARRABoth the Corps and the Bureau oversee massive water-related infrastructure projects, includingdams, levees, irrigation pipelines, and water-supply infrastructure. In the ARRA, Congress provided$4.6 billion to the Corps and $1 billion to the Bureau; however, these amounts must be used on

projects that can be entirely completed with the funding and would not create any future budgetaryobligations. Furthermore, Corps water-related environmental infrastructure projects such as

wastewater-treatment plants, are guaranteed to receive at least $200 million of these funds, while$126 million of the Bureau money must be spent on water-reclamation and reuse projects.Congress also doubled the length of time for repayment — extending it to 50 years — for water-supplycustomers to repay the Bureau for the cost of placing the infrastructure. As discussed previously, these

funds are subject to the ARRA’s general goal that 50 percent of the funding be obligated within 120 daysof enactment.

Water Infrastructure Funding in the ARRA Agency Program Final Funding ($13.5 billion)• EPA Clean Water State Revolving Fund capitalization grants - $4 billion• EPA Drinking Water State Revolving Fund capitalization grants - $2 billion• RUS/USDA Rural water and waste disposal grants and loans - $1.38 billion• Bureau of Reclamation/Department of the Interior (DOI) Water and related resources - $1 billion• Corps/U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) Army Corps of Engineers Civil Works Program

- $4.6 billion• Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS)/USDA Small Watershed Program $340 million

International Boundary and Water Commission (IBWC)/Department of State InternationalBoundary and Water Commission - $220 million

State Allocation of EPA Wastewater Funds in the ARRA is displayed in the table below

StateFinal H.R. 1 Clean WaterSRF Funds ($4 Billion)

Alabama $44,163,600 Alaska $23,637,900


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Community RelatedEDA Recovery Act Funding

Manufacturing Related Recovery Act: Development of Algal/Advanced BiofuelsConsortia Department of Labor Recovery Act Competitive Grant Opportunities (Training)

Water Infrastructure Bankhttp://www.awwa.org/Government/content.cfm?ItemNumber=48925&navItemNumber=3831

Report: Venture Capital Community Summit – Exploring Programs to Commercialize EnvironmentalTechnology; sponsored by the EPA, held Nov. 2008

http://epa.gov/ncer/venturecapital/venturecapitalsummit_finaldpv_7_1_09.pdf

Federal Funding Sources for Small Community Wastewater Systems (small communities)http://www.epa.gov/OW-OWM.html/mab/smcomm/eparev.htm

Environmental Protection AgencyClean Water SRF. Drinking Water SRF. Hardship Grants Program for Rural Communities. Colonias Program. Clean Water Indian Set-Aside Program.

Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)Community Development Block Grant Program. Water and Waste Disposal Program. Sanitation Facilities Construction Program.

Department of CommerceEconomic Development Administration Grants for Public Works and Development Facilities Appalachian Regional Commission's Community Development Supplemental Grants Program.

MARKETING PLAN

1. Who is the target market?• What are the market launch strategies?• Advertising channels?• Marketing campaigns?• Public Relations?

2. What internet technologies are needed and why?TG What is the projected cost of a new product launch?

Target Market• Small cities and towns (communities) with existing WWT facilities• Minor WWT facilities


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• USEPA Region 7 & 5 states; region 7 is IA, MO, NE, KS, region 5 is IL,MN, WI, MI, IN,OH• Cities & towns actively engaged in or pursuing a WWT development project• Communities receiving ARRA funding

Target Personas• City council members• County supervisors• Engineering companies• Plant managers/supervisors

Marketing Strategy• Promote a cost-effective Class A beneficial reuse campaign featuring partner

products.• Establish geographic zones of yoked communities to coop a beneficial reuse program.• Coordinate with sales team educational content to communicate to target personas.• Research & target project opportunities.

Advertising Channels

• Search Engine MarketingWater Online http://www.wateronline.com/ Water & Wastewater News http://wwn-online.com/home.aspx IDS Water http://idswater.com/water/us/home.aspx The McIlvaine Company http://www.mcilvainecompany.com/main.html

• Targeted email marketing• Webinars & Webcasts• Tradeshow Exhibitions• Trade Publications (print & electronic)

Public Works Online www.pwmag.com • CPC (cost per click advertising)

Google AdwordsKellysearch CPC

• Association Directory AdvertisingWEF, WERF

• Social Media Lead Gen

Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook


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Marketing Campaigns

• Impact Videos• e-blasts & e-newsletters (3 rd party)• e-product alerts• opt-in e-newsletter (subscribed)• White papers

Public Relations PR

• Press Releases• Vocus/WebPR

Internet Technologies/Multimedia

• New Web Portal• Customized Landing Pages• Product Calculator Tool(s)• Video Production• Podcast Production• Blog Dev

Project Cost of Product Launch$50-100K

CONCLUSIONBased on market research, the municipal wastewater treatment market is positioned for infrastructuregrowth due to aging equipment and systems, stricter environmental regulations, new technology andARRA stimulus funding. Biosolids dewatering and drying operations are capable of increasing a facilities’

beneficial land reuse application and can potentially provide an additional revenue source.

Major facilities, >1 MGD currently use filter belt press and centrifuge dewatering systems and tosome degree incorporate thermal drying using a fuel source to generate heat. This field is competitivewith well established, capitalized vendors with proven technology solutions. Many currently have

a system in place for reuse either as a recycled by-product as in fertilizer (Class A qualified) ora land application reuse as in (Class B) cover in agriculture, or municipal/county use or as landfillcover. The quality of the biosolid is based on the pre-trement and secondary treatment of the

pathogen and vector attraction that occurs during dewatering and drying.

Minor facilities,


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Due to the ARRA stimulus incentive a number of waste water infrastructure projects which have been backlogged have now been funded and are currently in the project development stage. Thisconsists of $2.5 billion of a $4 billion ARRA allocation of projects that can be started within 120days of allocation. There is still an unmet demand of $37.6 billion in projects which will create along-term opportunity for this product. The timing is good to make presentationsto the cities and counties considering waste treatment facility projects and/or a beneficial reuserevenue stream.

An aggressive multi-channel new product launch campaign would be necessary and costly with potential risk as it is a new product in a new market rather than an existing product in an existingmarket or a new vertical where we already have brand recognition.

APPENDIX

A. Iowa Municipal Waste Treatment Plants MapB. 2009 Iowa NPDES Discharge Permit ProfileC. Logan city Case Study


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Municipal Wastewater Treatment Market Study

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Transcript of Municipal Wastewater Treatment Market Study