Students Name : Hannah binti Mahmud

Faculty/ Group : LAW/ LWB03A

Lecturers Name: Madam Roseleena

Title: Nurturing multilingual generation

Order: Topical Order

General Purpose: To Inform

Specific Purpose: To Inform my audience about ways to nurture multilingual generation

Central Idea: In order to nurture multilingualism it must be done since tender age, strategise properly what language you wish to master and continuously practicing the languages

IntroductionI. If I said Lughatun wahidah la takfi, or Yizhong yuyan yongyuan bugou, can anyone tell me what does it mean?A. Or In what language they are?B. The phrase means one language is never enough.II. According to UNESCO, there are around 6,000 languages spoken around the worldIII. Multilingualism generally means use of multiple languages.IV. There are varieties definition of multilingualism defined by researchersA. General consensus is that multilingualism is common human condition that makes it possible for an individual to function, at some level, in more than one language.V. Around the globe, there are already many individuals who are referring themselves as polyglot, a person who capable to use multiple languages in their communication.A. In 1998, Ziad Fazah was acknowledged in the Guinness Book of World Records because of his capability to speak and read, in not 5, but 58 languages.B. A young polyglot, Timothy Donner is able to speak in over 20 languages and among them are Japanese, Italian, Hindi and Arabic.VI. When you are able to understand and use more than one language, you might save yourself from some kind of back talk or insult in other language that people might use to dupe youA. For example, if someone said that you are jamal do not delighted with it because he means to say that you are a camelB. Only when he said you are jameel you can be pleased about it as it means you are beautiful.VII. Multilingualism can be attained if the learning of languages has begun since tender age, for young children, and for adults, if it is done with proper strategies and constant practice.(Transition: The first step is to start the learning of languages since tender age)

BodyI. It is best to start language learning since tender age as young children are better learner than adults. A. Researches show that young children are able to grasp and cope with foreign language easier compared to adults.1. According to Erika Levy, assistant professor of speech and language pathology at Columbia University Teachers College, in New York City, young children can absorb easily whatever they hear, thus making it easy for them to learn different languages at an amazingly fast rate, 2. Freudenstein (1979) and Genesee (1978) also suggested that an early start combined with appropriate method leads to higher level of mastery.B. Furthermore, the age between 0-4 years old is considered as critical period to learn various languages.1. During this period, the brain is capable to absorb any information easily and this definitely helps in acquisition of foreign languages. 2. The research published in The Journal of Neuroscience in 2013 found that the distribution of myelin the insulation that develops from birth within the circuitry of the brain is fixed from the age of four, suggesting the brain is most plastic in very early life thus they predicted that any environmental influences on brain development will be strongest in infanthood. (Transition: Still, even if we all are now adults, it is still not too late for us to master as many languages as we want so long we strategise for it properly)II. Proper strategy, in a way, helps in determining how many languages we can master in certain period of time.A. Initially, try for the easiest language that you think you can fluent in easily.1. Factors to be considered are how much similar the language that you want to learn to your mother tongue, your passion towards that language and resources that available for you to study it.2. This explains why English can be considered as an easy language to learn because it alphabets and sounds are not so much different from Malay and we are widely exposed to it.B. In addition to that, we need to adopt a practical learning that will make it easier for us to grasp the language.1. Study by Gardner and Lambert (1972) showed learners are much more likely to reach a high level of control of a variety of language when they are learning it in order to become a member of the community speaking the language than when they are learning it for some other purpose.2. For instance, Mandarin, albeit being one of the hardest languages to learn, is still being chosen by many because words of Michael Distefano, a Los Angeles-based senior vice president at executive recruiting firm Korn/Ferry International, it gives the speaker competitive advantage in job market against non-mandarin speaker. (Transition: Finally, the most important thing is to practice constantly languages that you learned.)III. Constant practice is the main key to make you a multilingual speakerA. When you constantly practice languages that you had learned or currently learning, you will easily able to fluently converse in it.1. Benny Lewis, the author of Fluent in 3 Months and a multilingual himself, strongly suggested that in order to be able to speak a new language, you must practice it in real-life communication.2. He also said that technical learning in formal environment without any practice in real-life communication will hinder ones improvement in language.B. Therefore we need to immerse ourselves in natural setting of the language in order for us to converse in it comfortably.1. Gardner (2000) suggested that the cultural context can have an effect on the individuals ultimate success in learning the language.2. Also a study by Munoz (2010) concluded that natural setting is better for language learning as compared to instructed setting because it does not restrict the usage in the classroom only.ConclusionI. Before I conclude, let me reiterate that to master more than one language is not impossibleII. It can be done so long you start early with it, strategise properly on what to learn and constantly practicing the languages, you can be a multilingual.III. There is no need to wait further.IV. We can start now in working towards nurturing a multilingual generation.V. Before I end, allow me to inspire you with quote by Frank Smith, One language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way.

BibliographyBooksHusen, T., & Postlewaite, T. N. (Eds.). (1985). The International Encyclopedia of Education (Vol.5). Oxford, England: Pergamon Press.

ReportFall, P. L., & Zhang, Y. (2011). Multilingualism in the united nations system organizations: Status of implementation.

JournalStefnsson, E. G. (2013). Second language acquisition: The effect of age and motivation. Skemman, 16-19.

NewspaperTilton, S., & Lee Young, J. (2012, June 26). To improve kids' chinese, parents head to Asia. Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/ SB10001424052702303640804577490671473322992

Internet SourcesBriggs, H. (2013, October 9). Toddler brain scan gives language insight. Retrieved June 1, 2014, from BBC website: http://www.bbc.com/news/health-24446292

Cohen, I. (n.d.). Bilingual babes: Teach your child a second language. Retrieved June 1, 2014, from http://www.parents.com/toddlers-preschoolers/development/language/teaching-second-language/

Multilingualism. (n.d.). Retrieved May 28, 2014, from http://www.linguisticsociety.org/resource/multilingualism

Steph. (2011, October 23). Speak right now: An interview with Benny Lewis of fluent in 3 months. Retrieved May 29, 2014, from http://twenty-somethingtravel.com/2011/10/speak-interview-benny-lewis-fluent-3-months/

The easiest language to learn. (n.d.). Retrieved June 3, 2014, from http://mylanguages.org/easy_languages.php