Mulibeam bathymetry Survey Rangiroa, French Polynesia

Multibeam Bathymetry SurveyRangiroa, French Polynesia

Salesh Kumar, Jens Kruger, Zulfikar Begg, Eileen Handerson, & Manoël Alvis

Ocean and Islands Programme

SPC SOPAC TECHNICAL REPORT (PR106)

SPC Applied Geoscience and Technology Division (SOPAC)

September 2013

© Copyright Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC), 2013

All rights for commercial / for profile reproduction for translation, in any form, reserved. SPC authorises the partial reproduction or translation of this material for scientific, educational or research purposes, provided that SPC and the source document are properly acknowledged. Permission to reproduce the document and/or translate in whole, in any form, whether for commercial / for profit or non-profit purposes, must be requested in writing. Original SPC artwork may not be altered or separately published without permission.

SPC Applied Geoscience and Technology Division (SOPAC)Private Mail BagGPO SuvaFiji IslandsTelephone: (679) 338 1377Fax: (679) 337 0040E-mail: [email protected] site: http://www.sopac.org

Multibeam Bathymetry SurveyRangiroa, French Polynesia

Salesh Kumar, Jens Kruger, Zulfikar Begg, Eileen Handerson, & Manoël Alvis

Ocean and Islands Programme

September 2013


SPC Applied Geoscience and Technology Division (SOPAC)

DISCLAIMER

While care has been taken in the collection, analysis, and compilation of the data, it is supplied on the condition that the Secretariat of Pacific Community Applied Geoscience and Technology Division (SOPAC) shall not be liable for any loss or injury whatsoever arising from the use of the data.

ImPOrTAnT nOTICe

This document has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Union through the Supporting Disaster Risk Reduction in Pacific Overseas Countries and Territories, 9th European Development Fund – C Envelope.

The contents of this document are the sole responsibility of the Secretariat of the Pacific Community and can under no circumstances be regarded as reflecting the position of the European Union.

The SPC Applied Geoscience and Technology (SOPAC) Division undertook the work in collaboration with ‘Service de I’Urbanisme’ of French Polynesia

1

TABLe OF COnTenTSeXeCUTIVe SUmmArY.......................................................................................................................... 2

1 InTrODUCTIOn.............................................................................................................................. 3

1.1 Background.................................................................................................................................................................... 3

1.2 Geography...................................................................................................................................................................... 3

2 reSULTS AnD DISCUSSIOn.......................................................................................................... 5

2.1 multibeam bathymetry.................................................................................................................................................... 5

3 ACQUISITIOn AnD PrOCeSSInG.................................................................................................. 11

3.1 Fieldwork summary......................................................................................................................................................... 11

3.2 Field personnel............................................................................................................................................................... 11

3.3 Geodetic reference system............................................................................................................................................. 11

3.4 Vessel description and static offsets.............................................................................................................................. 12

3.5 Positioning control.......................................................................................................................................................... 13

3.6 Survey computer............................................................................................................................................................. 13

3.7 multibeam echosounder................................................................................................................................................. 13

3.8 multibeam echosounder data processing...................................................................................................................... 14

3.9 Tidal information............................................................................................................................................................. 15

3.10 Sound velocity profiling.................................................................................................................................................. 15

4 APPenDICeS................................................................................................................................... 19

APPENDIX A: CONDUCTIVITY, TEMPERATURE AND DEPTH PROFILES................................................................................ 19

APPENDIX B: MULTIBEAM LOG SHEETS............................................................................................................................... 39

APPENDIX C: RANGIROA, FRENCH POLYNESIA BATHYMETRY CHART

2 SPC SOPAC TECHNICAL REPORT (PR106)

Multibeam Bathymetry Survey Rangiroa, French Polynesia

eXeCUTIVe SUmmArYThis report describes a multibeam bathymetric survey of Rangiroa Lagoon and nearshore areas around the atoll rim, from the northwest (near Tivaru) to the northeast (near Ataiaheo motu). The survey was a component of the Supporting Disaster Risk Reduction in Pacific Overseas Countries and Territories project, conducted by the Secretariat of the Pacific Community Applied Geoscience Division, in collaboration with the Urban planning Department, and the Lighthouses and Beacons Service. This project component called for an investigation of the nearshore and lagoon seabed of Rangiroa Atoll. The survey was carried out using a multibeam echosounder over a period of six months (July to December 2011).

Figure 1. Location of rangiroa Atoll, French Polynesia.

3SPC SOPAC TECHNICAL REPORT (PR106) SPC SOPAC TECHNICAL REPORT (PR106)


1 InTrODUCTIOn

1.1 BackgroundFrench Polynesia experiences a variety of major natural hazards, some of which are potentially very damaging to human life, the economy and infrastructure. In response, the country has introduced a risk-prevention policy that regulates development activities, and thereby increases protection for people and property against natural disaster hazards. The partnership programme between the Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC) and French Polynesia aims to assess the storm surge hazard in the Tuamotu Archipelago at the atoll scale, so that this hazard can be accurately addressed in future land-use plans.

This programme was jointly implemented by the Service de l’Urbanisme of French Polynesia and the Applied Geoscience Division (SOPAC) of SPC. Under this programme SOPAC carried out a multibeam echosounder (MBES) bathymetry survey of Rangiroa Lagoon and the outer reef slope to a depth of around 300 meters (m).

The objective was to investigate the seabed and provide information about water depths in the lagoon and nearshore areas of Rangiroa Atoll to assist French Polynesia in deriving coastal-related information to underpin and inform storm surge hazard mitigation in the Tuamotu Islands.

Figure 2. Chart of rangiroa Atoll, showing the location of the offshore survey areas (excerpt from the Service Hydrographique et Oceanographique de la marine; publication 1997, edition no. 2, 2002 chart 7373 of Archipel de Tuamotu, rangiroa).

1.2 GeographyRangiroa is the largest atoll in the Tuamotus, and one of the largest atolls in the world. It is located about 335 kilometres (km) northeast of Tahiti; the nearest atoll is Tikihau, located 12 km to the west. The main town on Rangiroa is Avatoru, in the northwestern part of the atoll (Figure 3). The atoll consists of about 415 motus, islets and sandbars, with a total land area of about 170 km2. There are approximately one hundred narrow passages in the fringing reef (called hoa). The atoll has a flattened elliptical shape, and is 80 km long and 5–32 km wide. The width of the land is 300–500 m, with a circumference of about 200 km. The lagoon has a maximum depth of 38 m, and a surface area of 1446 km2.

Only two islands, located on the northern end of the atoll, are permanently inhabited. In 2007, the island had a population of 2,473. The main villages are Avatoru, Tiputa, Ohutu, Taeo’o, Fenuaroa, Otepipi and Tivaru. Avatoru and Tiputa are on neighbouring islands, separated by Tiputa pass, one of the atoll’s two major passes (the other is Avatoru pass, immediately to the west of the island of Avatoru).



Figure 3. Avatoru, in the northwestern part of rangiroa Atoll. The islet of Avatoru is bounded by Avatoru pass to the west and Tiputa pass to the east.

Table 1: Summary of the geography of rangiroa Atoll.

Summary of the geography of Rangiroa Atoll

Location Pacific Ocean: 15.12° S 147.64° W

Land Area The shape of the atoll is a flattened ellipse, extending 80 km from east to west and 32 km from north to south, with an approximate land area of 79 km2.

Coastline The lagoon is enclosed by an almost continuous reef flat, with approximately 100 narrow passages in the fringing reefs. The main villages are Avatoru and Tiputa. Avatoru and Tiputa are built on neighbouring islands that are 2.5 km and 4 km in length, respectively, and separated by Tiputa pass, one of the atoll’s two major passes (the other is Avatoru pass, immediately to the west of the island of Avatoru). The lagoon has a surface area of about 1,446 km2 and a maximum depth of 38 m.

Tides Tides are semi-diurnal with pronounced diurnal inequalities (i.e. two tidal cycles per day of unequal tidal range). Predicted mean range at Rangiroa Atoll is 0.52 m, with a mean spring range of 0.64 m. (Source: tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/tides10/tab2wc3.html).

Climate Rangiroa has a humid tropical climate, with two relatively distinct seasons (a wet season from December to March, and a dry season from July to October). Rainfall is lower than would be recorded on a high island in the same location due to the lack of relief. The atoll is influenced by the easterly trade winds. The mean temperature ranges around 25°C, with a daily temperature range of approximately 4°C. The mean temperature is 27°C.

5SPC SOPAC TECHNICAL REPORT (PR106)



2 reSULTS AnD DISCUSSIOn

2.1 Multibeam bathymetryIn total, 2,118 km of survey lines were run over the 141 days that the vessel was mobilised. A breakdown of data acquisition versus down time is summarised in Figure 5 below, showing that 39% of the time was spent on the acquisition of bathymetric data. The coverage achieved during that time is shown in Figure 5. Further details on line runs can be found in the log sheets attached as Appendix B.

Figure 4: Summary of vessel activity during mobilisation period. The survey vessel Toa nui was mobilised for a total of 141 days. Data was acquired during 54 survey days (39% of the time). The remainder of the time was spent as official leave for French Polynesia survey staff (26%); weather downtime (7%); mechanical downtime (13%); and electrical downtime (15%).

Figure 5: Survey coverage map. Survey lines run inside the lagoon are shown in red, and lines run on the oceanside to the north are shown in blue.

The MBES bathymetry acquired during this study is shown on a chart at a scale of 1:100,000, with contour intervals of 5 m in the lagoon, and 50 m on the nearshore slope. The original chart is drawn to fit an A0 paper size, with a reduced version shown in Figure 6.

26%39%

15%13%

7%

Official leave for FP survey staff (26%)

Weather downtime (7%)

mechanical downtime (13%)

electrical downtime (15%)

Survey days sucessful data acquisition (39%)



Figure 6: Final bathymetric chart of rangiroa Atoll (scale 1:100,000 printed at A0).

The nearshore survey area on the ocean side of the reef slope extended from the coast to a water depth of approximately 300 m. Minimum water depths were measured near the coast on the outer slope of the fringing reef, with depths increasing in a general seaward direction at a mean slope angle of 31º toward the offshore limits of the survey area. As expected, the seabed is quite irregular locally, with highly variable slope angles ranging from 0º to 83º.

Bathymetric data provide information on the depth and morphology of the seafloor, as well as the shape and size of submarine features. Bathymetric derivatives (shaded relief maps, and three-dimensional rendered surfaces) can be used in addition to the high resolution bathymetry to aid visual interpretation of the seabed morphology (Figure 7 to Figure 10).

Table 2. Bathymetric derivatives.

Bathymetric derivatives

Shaded relief Shaded relief maps use shades of grey to indicate the local orientation of the seafloor relative to a user-defined light source direction. The light source can be thought of as the sun shining on a topographic surface, much like artificial hill shading that illuminates bathymetric roughness. Portions of the surface that face away from the light source reflect less light toward the viewer, and thus appear darker.

Three-dimensional surface

For three-dimensional surfaces, the height of the surface corresponds to the depth of the seafloor.



Figure 7: Shaded relief map of Tiputa channel. Sun illumination angle from the northwest.



Figure 8: Three-dimensional perspective image of Tiputa channel, looking toward the southeast. Depths shallow (red) to deep (blue), 4x vertical exaggeration.



Figure 9: Shaded relief map of Tiputa channel. Sun illumination angle from the northwest.



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3 ACQUISITIOn AnD PrOCeSSInG

3.1 Fieldwork summaryTable 3: Survey particulars.

Survey particulars

Survey vessel Toa Nui

Fieldwork period 01/08/2011 to 13/12/2011

Equipment used R2Sonic 2024 multibeam

All dates and times in this report are given in local Tahiti time (Coordinated Universal Time –10).

3.2 Field personnelTable 4: Personnel

SOPAC

Jens Kruger Physical Oceanographer

Salesh Kumar Senior Technical Assistant

Zulfikar Begg Senior Technical Assistant

Peni Musunamasi Electronics Engineer

Avitesh Ram Electronics Techinician

Maleli Turangabeci Electronics Techinician

French Polynesia

Eileen Handerson Hydrographic Surveyor

Manoël Alvis Captain

3.3 Geodetic reference systemSurvey results were mapped in terms of the following geodetic reference system.

Table 5: Geodetic reference system

Geodetic reference system

Geodetic datum Universal Transverse Mercator Zone 6 South

ellipsoid WGS 84

semi-major axis 6378137.000

flattening (1/f) 298.257223563

eccentricity sq. (e2 )

Projection UTM Zone 6 South

projection type Transverse Mercator

Central meridian 147 00 00.000W

Reference latitude 00 00 00.000N

False easting 500000.000

False northing 1000000.000



Geodetic reference system

Scale factor 0.9996000000

grid unit metres

Geodetic transformation from WGS 84 (GPS satellite datum) to UTM 6 South

source coordinate system WGS 84

target coordinate system UTM 6 South

transformation parameters

dX 0.00

dY 0.00

dZ 0.00

rX 0.00000

rY 0.00000

rZ 0.00000

scale 0.00000

3.4 Vessel description and static offsets

Table 6: Vessel description and static offsets

Vessel description and static offsets

Sensor X (m) Y (m) Z (m)

Not to scale

Reference point at water level 0.00 0.00 0.00

Motion reference unit (MRU) 0.00 0.00 -0.115

Positioning antenna (GPS1) 0.00 3.188 2.610

Multibeam echosounder (MBES) -1.875 -1.728 0.685

Vessel

Name Toa Nui

Length overall 9.90 m

Beam (mid) 3.10 m

Draft (mid) 0.75 m

Displacement 3.95 T

Port of registry Tahiti

Radio call sign FGD7522

Classification Motor yacht



Sensor X (m) Y (m) Z (m) Not to scale





Vessel

Name Toa Nui


Beam (mid) 3.10 m

Draft (mid) 0.75 m

Displacement 3.95 T




-X

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MRU GPS1 GPS2

MBES

GPS2

-Z

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Water level MRU

GPS1



Sensor X (m) Y (m) Z (m) Not to scale





Vessel

Name Toa Nui


Beam (mid) 3.10 m

Draft (mid) 0.75 m

Displacement 3.95 T




-X

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MRU GPS1 GPS2

MBES

GPS2

-Z

+Z

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Water level MRU

GPS1



Figure 11: The survey vessel Toa nui.

3.5 Positioning control and headingThe vessel’s origin is the reference by which all devices and tracking points are positioned on the vessel. Each sensor is referenced to the origin based on the distance in survey units. It is starboard (X-direction), forward (Y-direction) and vertical (Z-direction). Vessel offsets are measured from the static water line, and are positive downward (Table 6).

Positioning was by the MarineSTAR 9200 G2H DGNSS dual frequency positioning equipment. The addition of the G2 service provided an accuracy of 0.2 m. The patch test was conducted in Tahiti and again in Rangiroa at the start and end of the survey. The MarineSTAR also provided heading information by use of a second antenna (see GPS2 in diagram of Table 6).

3.6 Survey computerThe survey computer was a Windows XP PC, running Hypack 11.0.1.49. This computer was used for continuous online data logging and computation of positioning and digital bathymetry. The package also provided a line control display for the helm. The online operator continuously monitored a range of quality control parameters.

An off-line Hypack 11.0.1.49 package was used in the office for replaying and post-processing of track data and bathymetry. An A0 plotter was available for the production of charts.

3.7 Multibeam echosounder A R2Sonic 2024 wideband multibeam echosounder system was temporarily installed on Toa Nui, and used to provide swath bathymetry data. An MBES provided high resolution information about the depth of water from the surface to the seafloor in a water body. The main instrumental and operating parameters are listed below.



Table 7: multibeam echosounder parameters.

Multibeam echosounder parameters

Instrumentation

Multibeam echosounder R2Sonic 2024

Transducer mount Port side-mounted

Motion reference unit TSS DMS 2-05 Dynamic Motion Sensor

Sound velocity probe at transducer Valeport Mini SV

r2Sonic 2024 System Specification

Frequency 400 kHz/200 kHz

Beamwidth - across track 0.5° @ 400 kHz / 1.0° @ 200 kHz

Beamwidth - along track 1.0° @ 400 kHz / 2.0° @ 200 kHz

Number of beams 256

Swath sector 10° to 160° (user selectable)

Maximum slant range 500 meters

Pulse length 15 µsec - 1000 µsec

Pulse type Shaped Continuous Wave (CW)

Depth rating 100 meters

Operating temperature 0° C to 40° C

Dynamic offset calibration Rangiroa 01 August 2011

Roll correction -2.09

Pitch correction 0.25

Yaw correction -2.0

GPS latency correction 0.0

3.8 Multibeam echosounder data processingHypack 11.0.1.49 software was used for post-processing the MBES survey data. The production of contour maps was done using Surfer 10.7.972 software. The processing and gridding sequences are listed below.

Table 8: Data processing.

Data processing

Post-processing sequence

Phase 1 Tide (water level) and sound velocity corrections.

Phase 2 Search and filter options are used for editing the data. Removed poor-quality beams (quality <3) and outliers from individual survey lines.

Phase 3 Applied 4th standard deviation filter to remove outliers from median depth. Further manual cleaning of outliers.

Output ASCII XYZ file using actual positions of median sounding depths in the project coordinate system.

map Production Sequence

Input XYZ output data from Hypack reduced to 1 mm at charting scale (e.g. 50 m-grid size for a chart at 1:50 000).

Surface model XYZ output data were gridded using the Kriging method in Surfer 10.7.972. Data gaps were interpolated using three times the survey line spacing.

Output DXF contours, PDF chart, backdrop images, and DTM model in the project coordinate system. See Appendix C

Various levels of smoothing were applied to the contours and digital terrain model (DTM) to give a more realistic impression of the seabed without removing any real features from the dataset. However, due to the fact that the majority of survey lines were oriented from north to south, some striping can be observed on the final gridded and interpolated dataset.



3.9 Tidal informationObserved soundings were reduced to the chart datum using the observed tidal elevations from the Rangiroa tide gauge. The table below details the station metadata.

Table 9: Tidal station metadata.

Tidal station metadata

Code rangi

Country France

Location Rangiroa Atoll (Tuamotu, French Polynesia)

Status Operational

Local contact University of French Polynesia (France)

Other contact Service Hydrographique et Océanographique de la Marine (France)

Latitude -14.945834667°

Longitude -147.706037917°

Connection GTS message

GTS message type SEHI40

Sensor 1

Type of sensor Pressure

Sampling rate (min) 2

Sensor 2

Type of sensor Radar

Sampling rate (min) 2

The tide data were obtained from the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission website (www.ioc-sealevelmonitoring.org). Data on this website are not reduced to chart datum and a correction of -5.945 m was, therefore, applied to the pressure sensor values (Marie Protat, Service Hydrographique et Océanographique de la Marine, pers. comm.).

3.10 Sound velocity profilingThe accuracy of the depth soundings depends in part on the variation of the speed of sound with water depth. Sound velocity profiles are, therefore, required in order to find the correct depth and location of water depth soundings.The speed of sound in seawater varies with temperature, salinity and depth, and was determined by measuring the conductivity, temperature and depth (CTD) through the water column. The main instrumental, operational, and processing parameters are listed below.

Table 10: Sound velocity profiling.

Sound velocity profiling

CTD instrumentation

Make SeaBird Electronics

Model SeaCat 19 (self-powered, self-contained)

Serial number 2795

Depth rating 3,000 m

Operating parameters

Sample rate 1 scan every 0.5 s

Maximum depth Limited to 200 m due to rope length

Data recorded Profiles of conductivity, temperature, and pressure



Sound velocity profiling

Data processing

Positioning The profile position was taken at the GPS attenna near the start of the downcast. No allowance was made for instrument or vessel drift over the duration of the profile, which may be significant (>50 m).

Data conversion Convert raw data (.hex) to a .cnv file. The following values are output from the recorded data:

•Pressure,dbar•Depth,m(derivedusingsaltwateratlocallatitude)•Temperature,°C(ITS-90)•Salinity,psu(derived)•Density,kgm-3 (derived)•Soundvelocity,ms-1 (derived using Chen and Millero 1977)

Bin average Average data into 1 m depth bins. No filtering was applied.

Output Processed data is saved in ASCII text format with the date_bin.cnv.

The CTD profile details are listed below, with locations plotted in Figure 12. Summaries of the CTD profile data in graphical form are shown in Appendix A.

Table 11: CTD profile details.

CTD profile details

CTD casts Date Time easting northing Depth (m)

CTD cast 1 03/08/2011 12:43 426531.13 8340621.39 33

CTD cast 2 04/08/2011 09:55 425275.8 8331685.1 36

CTD cast 3 05/08/2011 10:21 420512.09 8330968.56 28

CTD cast 4 07/08/2011 09:22 432057.4 8329436.6 30

CTD cast 5 09/08/2011 14:11 431340.36 8344030.48 24

CTD cast 6 10/08/2011 10:32 409312.33 8345559.75 21

CTD cast 7 11/08/2011 12:36 420998.66 8343142.51 26.5

CTD cast 8 12/08/2011 11:29 427526.12 8316849.16 30

CTD cast 9 14/08/2011 11:11 432533.56 8324540.37 29

CTD cast 10 15/08/2011 13:02 434920.94 8330379.36 28

CTD cast 11 16/08/2011 13:20 437263.4 8327419.46 30

CTD cast 12 17/08/2011 12:19 437217.61 8331051.16 28

CTD cast 13 18/08/2011 11:40 424091.38 8323799.33 32

CTD cast 14 21/08/2011 12:57 428359.4 8337199.26 35

CTD cast 15 23/08/2011 11:36 421610.51 8326826.94 28

CTD cast 16 24/08/2011 14:18 418133.35 8329982.81 26

CTD cast 17 29/08/2011 11:14 422875.24 8331083.36 34

CTD cast 18 30/08/2011 12:15 415776.73 8339525.67 30

CTD cast 19 31/08/2011 12:56 424817.61 8317423.33 23

CTD cast 20 02/09/2011 12:26 413363.27 8340145.3 28

CTD cast 21 06/09/2011 15:08 408572.34 8331638.08 18

CTD cast 22 07/09/2011 13:46 404925.64 8330558.14 18

CTD cast 23 12/09/2011 14:52 413311.2 8326739.73 29

CTD cast 24 13/09/2011 15:08 403635.08 8338633.92 20

CTD cast 25 14/09/2011 14:15 424126.64 8323178.7 33

CTD cast 26 15/09/2011 15:00 405023.4 8332326.78 19

CTD cast 27 16/09/2011 14:12 428969.21 8329763.81 30

CTD cast 28 27/09/2011 12:23 440949.31 8316954.74 26



CTD profile details

CTD casts Date Time easting northing Depth (m)

CTD cast 29 28/09/2011 13:18 443324.1 8320040.9 28

CTD cast 30 29/09/2011 14:10 444518.64 8324167.72 26

CTD cast 31 30/09/2011 12:30 430061.84 8320207.8 24

CTD cast 32 02/10/2011 13:45 466090.56 8312398.3 18

CTD cast 33 03/10/2011 14:08 464903.84 8310158.54 20

CTD cast 34 04/10/2011 12:32 463123.96 8310708.03 21

CTD cast 35 05/10/2011 13:02 446952.08 8319763.98 30

CTD cast 36 06/10/2011 13:30 449327.49 8318668.29 21

CTD cast 37 21/10/2011 12:12 451430.21 8310854.65 22

CTD cast 38 24/10/2011 10:50 462446.17 8314483.54 20

CTD cast 39 25/10/2011 13:26 460758.87 8313003.51 20

CTD cast 40 26/10/2011 13:02 459519.88 8312249.52 25

CTD cast 41 17/11/2011 10:30 421152.22 8332210.94 29

CTD cast 42 21/11/2011 13:53 457106.55 8312252.72 25

CTD cast 43 02/12/2011 13:28 430742.37 8342447.75 28

CTD cast 44 04/12/2011 13:20 432240.72 8343765.42 21

CTD cast 45 05/12/2011 13:55 453208.77 8317452.41 27

CTD cast 46 06/12/2011 13:28 406060.54 8344844.12 97

CTD cast 47 07/12/2011 13:20 406463.13 8336766.05 25

CTD cast 48 08/12/2011 12:30 462331.51 8319638.97 196

CTD cast 49 09/12/2011 13:35 426616.45 8347802.18 113

CTD cast 50 09/12/2011 13:20 431428.95 8344416.16 24

CTD cast 51 11/12/2011 13:28 427385.84 8346591.48 18

CTD cast 52 12/12/2011 10:53 427394.9 8346604.19 18



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4 APPenDICeS

Appendix A: Conductivity, Temperature and Depth (CTD) profilesThis appendix shows plots of the CTD profiles. Both downcast and upcast are shown. The title of each plot indicates the date on which the cast was done year, month, and date format (yyyymmdd). Please refer to Table 11 and Figure 12 for numbering and locations.

The plots consist of three x-axis and one y-axis. The y-axis shows depth in metres. The different x-axis show sound velocity, temperature and density as follows: the first x-axis at the top of the plot shows sound velocity in m/s (blue labels and line); the second x-axis under the plot shows temperature in degrees Celcius (red labels and line); and the third x-axis at the bottom of the plot shows Density in kg/m3 (green labels and line).



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54_1

312

ZB

End

of l

ine

27/1

0/20

11

5611

:01

11:0

359

5259

5317

15.

7856

_110

1

ZBS

tart

line

56,

nor

thea

st, s

ync

out e

rror

5611

:05

11:2

159

5659

7914

44

56_1

105

ZB

Syn

c ou

t err

or

5611

:25

11:2

959

8159

8817

75

56_1

125

ZB

Sim

box

erro

r

5611

:34

11:4

659

8960

0616

55

56_1

134

ZB

SV

P e

rror

, sim

box

erro

r

17/1

1/20

11

182

9:04

9:59

6008

6115

192

5.78

182_

0904

ZB

Hea

ding

sou

th, c

alm

sea

s

182

10:0

310

:28

6116

6167

175

518

2_10

03

ZB

188

10:4

211

:42

6169

6296

176.

97

188_

1042

ZB

188

11:4

211

:57

6297

6329

178

6.8

188_

1142

ZB

End

of l

ine

184

12:0

413

:04

6330

6457

42.9

418

4_12

04

ZB



SO

PA

C M

ULT

IBE

AM

ON

LIN

E L

INE

LO

G R

2 S

ON

IC 2

024

184

13:0

413

:22

6458

6497

2.8

7.04

184_

1304

ZB

178

13:3

014

:30

6498

6619

4.3

517

8_13

30

ZB

178

14:3

014

:45

6620

6650

358

6.34

178_

1430

ZB

End

of l

ine

21/1

1/20

11

569:

5210

:17

6651

6703

160

456

_095

2

ZBS

tart

line

- he

adin

g so

uth

east

5610

:19

10:5

667

0467

7817

76.

356

_101

9

ZB

5810

:57

67

79

58_1

057

S

K

5811

:03

11:1

067

8267

8635

66

58_1

103

S

K

5811

:12

12;0

767

9769

1113

.26

58_1

112

S

K

6012

:26

13:2

669

1270

3417

45

60_1

226

ZB

6013

:26

13:3

070

3570

4316

87

60_1

326

ZB

6213

:33

13:5

370

4570

8535

67

62_1

333

S

K

6213

:58

14:4

170

8771

7635

77

62_1

358

S

K

2/12

/201

1ha

bita

t1

8:54

71

78

180

500

1_08

54

SK

Res

tart

ed, m

atrix

pro

blem

ha

bita

t21

9:14

9:21

7193

7203

885

021_

0914

S

K

ha

bita

t20

9:23

72

04

312

502

0_09

23

SK

ha

bita

t19

9:53

10:0

272

2872

3972

501

9_09

53

SK

ha

bita

t18

10:0

410

:12

7241

7252

315

501

8_10

04

SK

ha

bita

t17

10:1

510

:23

7253

7264

795

017_

1015

S

K

ha

bita

t16

10:2

510

;30

7265

7276

292

501

6_10

24

SK

ha

bita

t15

10:3

310

:41

7278

7289

785

015_

1033

S

K

ha

bita

t14

10:4

310

:48

7291

7302

294

501

4_10

42

SK

ha

bita

t13

10:5

010

:58

7304

7315

735

013_

1050

S

K

ha

bita

t12

10:5

911

:06

7316

7327

300

501

2_10

59

SK

ha

bita

t11

11:0

711

:15

7328

7339

105

501

1_11

07

SK

ha

bita

t10

11:1

611

:23

7340

7351

286

501

0_11

16

SK

ha

bita

t9

11:2

611

:33

7352

7363

855

090_

1126

S

K

ha

bita

t8

11:3

511

:40

7365

7376

284

500

8_11

35

SK



SO

PA

C M

ULT

IBE

AM

ON

LIN

E L

INE

LO

G R

2 S

ON

IC 2

024

ha

bita

t7

11:4

111

:48

7377

7388

925

007_

1141

S

K

tip

uta

pass

411

:54

12:0

573

9074

0815

500

4_11

54

SK

tip

uta

pass

312

:06

12:1

974

0974

3020

65

003_

1205

SK

On

line

5

ha

bita

t6

12:2

512

:31

7436

7447

279

500

6_12

25

SK

ha

bita

t5

12:3

212

:40

7449

7460

805

005_

1232

S

K

ha

bita

t4

12:5

413

:00

7462

7473

270

500

4_12

54

SK

ha

bita

t3

13:0

1##

####

7475

7488

825

003_

1301

S

K

ha

bita

t2

13:1

013

:16

7488

7499

279

500

2_13

10

SK

ha

bita

t1

13:1

913

:25

7500

7501

184

700

1_13

19S

KC

ross

line

4/12

/201

1Ti

puta

pas

s1

7:08

7:25

7502

7522

133

500

1_07

08

SK

Ti

puta

pas

s7

7:25

7:38

7502

16

85

007_

725

S

K

Ti

puta

pas

s1

7;49

75

32

001_

749

S

K

Ti

puta

pas

s7

007_

0806

S

K

A

vato

ru o

ffsho

re1

8:27

9:27

7564

7662

281

500

1_08

27

SK

A

vato

ru o

ffsho

re1

009:

279:

3876

6376

7928

05

001_

0927

S

K

A

vato

ru o

ffsho

re2

9:43

10:4

376

8077

6110

15

002_

0943

S

K

A

vato

ru o

ffsho

re2

10:4

311

:01

7762

11

95

002_

1043

S

K

A

vato

ru o

ffsho

re2

11:0

811

:14

7796

7803

145

500

2_11

08

SK

Ti

puta

pas

s1

11:4

812

:00

7807

7830

214

500

1_11

48

SK

Ti

puta

pas

s6

12:0

012

:17

7830

7844

305

006_

1200

S

K

Ti

puta

pas

s6

12:1

912

:22

7846

7852

202

500

6_12

19

SK

Ti

puta

pas

s15

12:2

712

:27

7853

7865

355

015_

1227

S

K

Ti

puta

pas

s17

12:3

912

:45

7866

7879

154

501

7_12

39

SK

Ti

puta

pas

s19

12:4

7

7880

60

501

9_12

47S

KD

ata

fill



SO

PA

C M

ULT

IBE

AM

ON

LIN

E L

INE

LO

G R

2 S

ON

IC 2

024

Ti

puta

pas

s21

78

98

02

1_13

10S

KV

feat

ure

jett

y

5/12

/201

1ea

ster

n la

goon

659:

5810

:58

7900

8016

180

506

5_09

58

SK

6510

:58

11:1

680

1780

4417

85

065_

1058

S

K

7011

:25

12:2

580

4580

649

507

0_11

25

SK

7012

:25

13:0

180

6480

785

607

0_12

25

SK

7513

:14

13:5

580

7980

9717

85

075_

1314

S

K

7514

;14

15:0

680

9981

1917

46

075_

1414

S

K

6/12

/201

1of

fsho

re n

orth

wes

t1

8:02

9;02

8121

8220

350

600

1_08

02

SK

19:

0210

:02

8221

8324

279

600

1_09

02

SK

110

:02

10:3

483

2583

8821

06

001_

1002

S

K

410

:36

11:2

584

0885

1747

700

4_10

36

SK

611

;27

12:2

285

1886

3620

36

006_

1127

S

KFr

eq 2

00 a

bs 8

9 P

r 1.

5 pu

lse

500

212

;26

86

42

546

002_

1226

S

KD

ata

fill

212

:58

13:2

386

8087

0220

700

2_12

57

SK

413

:31

14:3

187

1988

2086

400

4_14

31

SK

414

:31

15:3

188

2088

9795

400

4_14

31

SK

415

:32

8899

004_

1532

S

KC

hann

el

7/12

/201

1w

est

234

9:24

10:2

489

0089

9318

05

0234

_092

4

SK

234

10:2

411

:07

8994

9051

166

523

4_10

24

SK

231

11:2

412

:18

9053

9142

350

523

1_11

24

SK

231

12:2

513

:05

9143

9208

305

231_

1225

S

K

8/12

/201

1no

rthe

ast o

ffsho

re11

8:36

9:36

9209

9299

107

501

1_08

36

SK

119:

3610

:36

9300

9411

157

501

1_09

36

SK

1110

:36

11:3

694

1295

3213

65

011_

1036

S

K

1111

:36

12:2

495

3396

4813

97

011_

1136

S

K



SO

PA

C M

ULT

IBE

AM

ON

LIN

E L

INE

LO

G R

2 S

ON

IC 2

024

912

:34

13:1

096

9128

429

85

009_

1234

S

K

1013

;09

13:5

128

437

431

16

010_

1309

S

K

913

:54

14;5

440

0

304

500

9_13

54

SK

914

;54

15:5

454

066

032

15

009_

1454

S

K

915

:54

15:5

966

667

132

15

009_

1554

S

K

9/12

/201

1Ti

puta

pas

s21

8;05

8:14

672

680

345

021_

0805

S

K

Ti

puta

pas

s23

8:17

8:25

681

690

365

023_

0817

S

K

Ti

puta

pas

s25

8:29

8:42

691

701

365

025_

0829

S

K

Ti

puta

pas

s1

8:53

9:00

702

713

285

001_

0853

S

K

Ti

puta

pas

s29

9:01

9:08

714

725

285

029_

0901

S

K

Ti

puta

pas

s31

9:09

9:15

726

738

265

031_

0909

S

K

Ti

puta

pas

s33

9:17

9:25

739

749

150

503

3_09

17

SK

Ti

puta

pas

s35

9:27

9:38

751

761

255

035_

0927

S

K

Ti

puta

pas

s36

9:40

9:46

762

771

465

036_

0940

S

K

Ti

puta

pas

s36

9:47

10:4

777

277

532

23

036_

0947

S

KD

ata

fill

Ti

puta

pas

s36

10:4

710

:50

773

776

320

303

6_10

47

SK

Dat

a fil

l

A

vato

ru o

ffsho

re4

10:5

911

:59

777

876

280

500

4_10

59

SK

A

vato

ru o

ffsho

re4

11:5

912

:11

877

894

280

500

4_11

59

SK

11/1

2/20

11Ti

puta

pas

s1

8:48

89

6

295

001_

0848

S

K

19:

049:

5192

710

1590

500

1A_0

927

S

K

A

vato

ru s

hore

para

llel

29:

5410

:09

1016

1045

300

500

2_09

54

SK

A

vato

ru s

hore

para

llel

210

:18

11:0

510

5711

5032

05

002_

1018

S

K

A

vato

ru s

hore

para

llel

511

:05

11:3

911

5112

2190

500

5_11

50

SK

A

vato

ru s

hore

para

llel

511

:51

12:0

912

3712

4732

05

005_

1151

S

K

A

vato

ru s

hore

para

llel

812

:10

12:5

212

4813

2823

65

008_

12:1

0

SK



SO

PA

C M

ULT

IBE

AM

ON

LIN

E L

INE

LO

G R

2 S

ON

IC 2

024

A

vato

ru s

hore

para

llel

812

:57

13:0

813

3413

4075

500

8_12

56

SK

A

vato

ru s

hore

para

llel

413

:08

13:2

713

4013

8215

45

004_

1308

S

K

12/1

2/20

11pa

tch

test

Dec

19:

219:

2513

8613

9627

55

001_

0921

S

K

pa

tch

test

Dec

39:

279:

3214

0014

1697

500

3_09

27

SK

pa

tch

test

Dec

59:

349:

3814

1914

2725

95

005_

0933

S

K

pa

tch

test

Dec

79:

399:

4414

2814

3688

500

7_09

39

SK

pa

tch

test

Dec

99:

459:

5014

3814

4626

85

009_

0945

S

K

pa

tch

test

Dec

119:

519:

5614

4814

5696

501

1_09

51

SK

pa

tch

test

Dec

119:

5710

:02

1458

1466

259

501

1_09

57

SK

pa

tch

test

Dec

910

:04

10:0

914

6814

7697

500

9_10

04

SK

pa

tch

test

Dec

710

:10

10:1

414

7714

8527

35

007_

1010

S

K

pa

tch

test

Dec

510

:15

10:2

014

8614

9483

500

5_10

15

SK

pa

tch

test

Dec

310

:21

10:2

614

9615

0427

35

003_

1021

S

K

pa

tch

test

Dec

110

:27

10:3

215

0615

1480

500

1_10

27

SK

pa

tch

test

Dec

310

:33

10:4

115

1615

2328

03

003_

1033

S

KLa

tenc

y

pa

tch

test

Dec

310

:46

10:4

915

2515

3327

67

003_

1046

S

KLa

tenc

y

S

K

A

vato

ru s

hore

para

llel

311

:12

12:0

215

3416

4041

500

3_11

12

SK

612

:02

12:5

516

4017

4519

25

006_

1202

S

K

412

:57

13:1

017

4717

9256

500

4_12

57

SK

413

:13

13:2

917

9218

2528

95

004_

1313

S

K

13/1

2/20

11A

vato

ru s

hore

para

llel

98:

3408

"51

1834

1865

120

300

9_08

34

Mulibeam bathymetry Survey Rangiroa, French Polynesia

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Transcript of Mulibeam bathymetry Survey Rangiroa, French Polynesia