Performance Enhancement of Easy Care Cross-linker with Nano-Titanium Dioxide

by using Conventional Technology

Muhammad Mohsin

Prof. Chris Carr & Dr. Muriel Rigout

Presentation Outline

Overview of wrinkling in cotton

Easy care finishes based on zero formaldehyde

Nano-Titanium dioxide impact on cross-linker performance

Nano-Titanium dioxide impact on physical properties of fabric

Conclusions

Wrinkling Wrinkling of cotton clothes is an everyday problem.

Ironing requires time & hard work

Wastes money and sometimes damages clothes.

Why Cotton Fabric Wrinkle

Breaking of hydrogen bonding between polymer chains especially in amorphous region.

This effect is much more when cotton is wet e.g. washing.

When stress is applied to the moisture containing cellulosic fibres, the internal polymer chains of the amorphous areas are free to move

In the absence of any restoring force available these newly formed wrinkles will remain there

Introduction of the cross-link between cellulosic chains is one of the solution to this problem.

Formaldehyde-based Cross-linkers for Cotton

Formaldehyde based cross-linkers have been used in the textile industry from 1930s.

However formaldehyde is a recognised irritant and carcinogen.

Other concern for the use of formaldehyde based cross-linkers.

Regulations on formaldehyde release are becoming stricter and stricter.

Formaldehyde Free Cross-linkers for Cotton

DHEU

DMeDHEU

BTCA

CA

Nano Technology for Textile

To achieve Unique and valuable properties

Nanotechnology is increasingly attracting worldwide attention because it is widely perceived as offering huge potential in a wide range of end uses.

Attraction for not only scientists and researchers but also businesses, due to their huge economical potential.

Enhancement of textile materials by nanotechnology is expected to become a trillion dollar industry

Nano Technology for Easy Care Finishing of Cotton

Performance of the cross-linkers based on carboxylic acid could be increased by using nano TiO2.

Most of the research is emphasized on the use of effective but very expensive BTCA by using unconventional UV curing treatment

ExperimentalPad-dry-cure technique

Crease recovery angle- BS3086, EN ISO22313

CIE Whiteness index (WI) AATCC -110

Tensile strength retention BS EN ISO 13934-1:1999

Washing durability/ Appearance of the fabric after repeated home laundering- AATCC 124-1996

The Kawabata Evaluation System (KES) was used to measure mean deviation of coefficient of friction (MMD).

Performance of DMDHEU Finish

DMDHEU(%)

Mgcl2.6H20

(%)

DCRA

Degree

WashingDurability

1wash 5wash

WID TensileStrengthRetention

%

0 - 127 1.8 1.5 73.6 100

6 1.2 211 2.4 2.2 72.9 87

8 1.6 243 3.0 2.5 71.4 71

10  2.0 251 3.5 3.4 70.7 68

12 2.4 257 3.6 3.5 70.2 67

Performance of Formaldehyde Free Modified DHEU Finish

ModifiedDHEU

(%)

DCRA Degree

Washing Durability

1wash 5wash

WID

0 127 1.8 1.5 73.6

3 142 3 2.5 72.0

6 159 3 2.5 71.2

8 172 3.1 2.6 70.6

10 175 3.2 2.6 69.8

12 174 3.2 2.8 69.1

Performance of BTCA Finish

BTCA(%)

Mole ratio BTCA/SHP

DCRA

(Degree)

Washing Durability(DP Rating)

1wash 5wash

TensileStrengthRetention

(%)

0 - 127 1.8 1.5 100

2 1.13 182 2.8 2.6 89

4 1.13 208 3.0 2.8 72

6 1.13 234 3.5 3.0 69

8 1.13 256 3.6 3.5 62

10 1.13 269 3.8 3.5 59

Performance of Citric Acid Finish

CA(%)

Mole ratio CA/SHP

DCRA

(Degree)

Washing Durability(DP Rating)

1wash 5wash

TensileStrengthRetention

(%)

0 - 127 1.8 1.5 100

2 0.8 161 2.3 2.0 87

4 0.8 180 3.0 2.6 85

6 0.8 198 3.0 2.7 78

8 0.8 210 3.1 2.8 78

10 0.8 232 3.5 3.0 78

12 0.8 267 3.6 3.4 77

Performance of Citric Acid with Nano TiO2 Finish

CA(%)

Mole ratio Acid/

SHP

NanoTiO2

(%)

DCRA (Degree)

Washing Durability (DP Rating)

1wash 5wash

TensileStrengthRetention

(%)

0 - 127 1.8 1.5 100

10 0.8 232 3.5 3.0 78

10 0.8 0.05 257 3.6 3.3 82

10 0.8 0.1 263 3.6 3.3 84

10 0.8 0.2 238 3.5 3.0 84

Impact of Cross-linkers with & without Nano TiO2 on Tensile Strength

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

untreated DMDHEU BTCA CA CA+TiO2

Cross-linker 10%

Tens

ile s

tren

gth

rete

ntio

n %

Impact of Nano TiO2 with Citric Acid on (MMD)

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.08

untreated CA CA+0.05% TiO2 CA+0.1% TiO2 CA+0.2% TiO2

CA 10%

Mea

n de

viat

ion

of c

oeffi

cien

t of

fric

tion

(MM

D)

ConclusionsIt was possible to enhance the performance of the citric acid as

a formaldehyde free cross-linker by using nano titanium dioxide with conventional pad-dry-cure technique.

Nano titanium dioxide was only needed 0.1% for best results.

Nano titanium dioxide was also effective in improving the tensile strength of the treated fabric.

Handle of the treated fabric was also improved by the incorporation of nano titanium dioxide with citric acid as compared to alone citric acid treated fabric.

AcknowledgementUET

UMT