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Page 1: MU study House Fly copy

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BACKGROUND�...................................................................................................................................................�3�

POPULATION�DEVELOPMENT�PHASE�..................................................................................................................�4�

MATERIALS�AND�METHODS�FOR�POPULATION�DEVELOPMENT�...............................................................................................�4�TABLE�P.0�DATA�FROM�POPULATION�DEVELOPMENT�PHASE�.................................................................................................�6�TABLE�P.1�POPULATION�DEVELOPMENT�PHASE�GENERATIONS�ONE�.......................................................................................�6�TABLE�P.2�POPULATION�DEVELOPMENT�PHASE�GENERATION�TWO�........................................................................................�6�TABLE�P.3�POPULATION�DEVELOPMENT�PHASE�GENERATION�THREE�......................................................................................�7�PICTURE�P.1:�LARVA�ACTIVELY�FEEDING�ON�HABITAT�PROTEIN�SOURCE�(TABLE�P.3)�..................................................................�7�PICTURE�P.2:�PUPA�IN�HABITAT�(TABLE�P.3)�......................................................................................................................�8�PICTURE�P.3:�MATURE�FLIES�THRIVING�IN�HABITAT�(TABLE�P.3)�............................................................................................�8�

STUDY�ONE:�MLC�EFFECT�ON�EGG�DEVELOPMENT�..............................................................................................�9�

RESEARCH�QUESTION�STUDY�1�.........................................................................................................................................�9�RESULTS�STUDY�1�..........................................................................................................................................................�9�MATERIALS�AND�METHODS�STUDY�1�................................................................................................................................�9�TABLE�1:�LARVA�DEVELOPMENT�AND�SURVIVAL�DATA�FOR�STUDY�1�.....................................................................................�10�PICTURE�1.1:�FIRST/LATER�PUPAL�STAGE,�CONTROL�S1C01�AFTER�13�DAYS�(TABLE�1)�............................................................�10�PICTURE�1.2:�FIRST/LATER�PUPAL�STAGE,�TREATMENT�S103�AFTER�13�DAYS�(TABLE�1)�..........................................................�11�SUMMARY�OF�STUDY�1�.................................................................................................................................................�11�

STUDY�TWO:�MLC�EFFECT�ON�POSTͲOVIPOSITION�EGG�MORTALITY�...................................................................�13�

RESEARCH�QUESTION�STUDY�2�.......................................................................................................................................�13�RESULTS�STUDY�2�........................................................................................................................................................�13�MATERIALS�AND�METHODS�STUDY�2�..............................................................................................................................�13�TABLE�2:�EGG�DEVELOPMENT�AND�ADULT�FLY�SURVIVAL�DATA�FOR�STUDY�2�.........................................................................�14�PICTURE�2.1:�FIRST/LATER�INSTAR,�TREATMENT�S201�AFTER�12�DAYS�(TABLE�2)�..................................................................�14�PICTURE�2.2:�FIRST/LATER�INSTAR,�CONTROL�S2C02�AFTER�12�DAYS�(TABLE�2)�...................................................................�15�SUMMARY�OF�STUDY�2�.................................................................................................................................................�15�

STUDY�THREE:�MLC�EFFECT�ON�OVIPOSITION�....................................................................................................�17�

RESEARCH�QUESTION�STUDY�3�.......................................................................................................................................�17�RESULTS�STUDY�3�........................................................................................................................................................�17�MATERIALS�AND�METHODS�STUDY�3�..............................................................................................................................�17�TABLE�3:�EGG�DEVELOPMENT�AND�ADULT�FLY�SURVIVAL�DATA�FOR�STUDY�3�.........................................................................�18�PICTURE�3.1:�OVIPOSITION,�CONTROL�S3C01�AFTER�8.5�DAYS�(TABLE�3)�............................................................................�18�PICTURE�3.2:�PREͲOVIPOSITION�ADULT�MORTALITY,�TREATMENT�S303�AFTER�8.5�DAYS�(TABLE�3)�..........................................�19�SUMMARY�OF�STUDY�3�.................................................................................................................................................�19�

STUDY�FOUR:��MLC�EFFECT�ON�FLY�HABITAT�......................................................................................................�20�

RESEARCH�QUESTION�STUDY�4�.......................................................................................................................................�20�RESULTS�STUDY�4�........................................................................................................................................................�20�MATERIALS�AND�METHODS�STUDY�4�..............................................................................................................................�20�TABLE�4:�LIFE�STAGE�SURVIVAL�DATA�FOR�STUDY�4�...........................................................................................................�22�PICTURE�4.1:�ALL�STAGES�THRIVING,�CONTROL�S4C01�AFTER�10�DAYS�(TABLE�4)�..................................................................�22�SUMMARY�OF�STUDY�4�.................................................................................................................................................�23�

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Table P.0 Data from Population Development Phase

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Table P.1 Population Development Phase Generations One

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Table P.2 Population Development Phase Generation Two

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Table P.3 Population Development Phase Generation Three

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Picture P.2: Pupa in habitat (Table P.3)

Picture P.3: Mature flies thriving in habitat (Table P.3)

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��� 7DEOH���VKRZV�WKH�OHQJWK�RI�WLPH�ODUYD�LQ�HDFK�RI�WKH�IRXU�VWXG\�FKDPEHUV�ZHUH�REVHUYHG�IRU�HDFK�RI�WKH�LGHQWLILHG�DFWLYLWLHV�DV�ZHOO�DV�ZKHQ�DFWLYLW\�SHUPDQHQWO\�

FHDVHG�DQG�ODUYD�ZHUH�LGHQWLILHG�DV�GHDG����

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Table 1: Larva Development and Survival Data for Study 1

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)LUVW�3XSDO�6WDJH�2EVHUYHG�LQ�!����RI�ODUYD�DW�LQGLFDWHG�WLPH�ODSVH�

7UHDWPHQW�DIWHU�LQGLFDWHG�FXPXODWLYH�WLPH�ODSVH�RI����������

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3HUFHQW�ODUYD�LQ�ILUVW�RU�ODWHU�SXSDO�VWDJH�DIWHU��FXPXODWLYH�WLPH�ODSVH�RI����������

3HUFHQW�$GXOW�)OLHV�HPHUJLQJ�IURP�SXSD�DIWHU�FXPXODWLYH�WLPH�ODSVH�RI����������

3HUFHQW�/DUYDO�PRUWDOLW\��DIWHU�FXPXODWLYH�WLPH�ODSVH�RI����������

6�&��������/DUYD�� ��������� 0LVWHG�ZDWHU� ���� �������� ���� ���

6�&��������/DUYD�� ��������� 1�$� ���� ������� ���� ���

6���������/DUYD�� ��������� 0LVWHG�0/&� ���� ������ �� ����

6���������/DUYD�� ��������� 0LVWHG�0/&� ���� ���� �� ����

Picture 1.1: First/later pupal stage, Control S1C01 after 13 days (Table 1)

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������������������������������������������������������������8�7KH�FKDPEHUV�ZHUH�WDSSHG�D�IHZ�WLPHV�EHIRUH�D�ILQDO�GHWHUPLQDWLRQ�RI�GHDWK�ZDV�PDGH��9�6HH�3LFWXUH�����10�6HH�3LFWXUH�����

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Picture 1.2: First/later pupal stage, Treatment S103 after 13 days (Table 1)

Summary of Study 1

��� /DUYD�ZHUH�SODFHG�LQ�IRXU�VWXG\�FKDPEHUV�ZLWK�KDELWDWV�VLPLODU�WR�ZKLFK�WKH\�ZRXOG�EH�REVHUYHG�LQ�QDWXUH��

��� 7UHDWPHQW�FKDPEHUV�ZHUH�PLVWHG�ZLWK���P/�OLWHU�GLOXWLRQ�RI�3UHYHQWLQH�0/&�DQG�WDS�ZDWHU����KRXUV�DIWHU�WKH�ILUVW�SXSDO�VWDJH�ZDV�REVHUYHG�LQ����SHUFHQW�RU�PRUH�RI�WKH�ODUYD����GD\V�DIWHU�WKH�VWXG\�EHJDQ�ZKHQ�ODUYD�ZHUH�SODFHG�LQ�WKH�FKDPEHUV����7KH�ILUVW�FRQWURO�FKDPEHU�ZDV�PLVWHG�ZLWK�RQO\�WDS�ZDWHU���7KH�VHFRQG�FRQWURO�FKDPEHU�UHFHLYHG�QR�WUHDWPHQW��

��� (DFK�RI�WKH�IRXU�FKDPEHUV�ZHUH�WKHQ�REVHUYHG�IRU�VLJQV�RI�DFWLYLW\�LQFOXGLQJ�FRQWLQXHG�PRYHPHQW�RI�WKH�ODUYD��IHHGLQJ��SXSDWLRQ��DQG�PDWXULQJ�LQWR�DGXOW�IOLHV�DQG�WKH�REVHUYHG�GLIIHUHQFHV�EHWZHHQ�WKH�WUHDWPHQW�DQG�FRQWURO�FKDPEHUV�UHFRUGHG�LQ�7DEOH����

��� 'HYHORSPHQW�LQWR�SXSD�LQ�WKH�FRQWURO�FKDPEHUV�SURFHHGHG�DV�H[SHFWHG�ZLWK�������SHUFHQW�RI�WKH�ODUYD�LQ�WKH�ILUVW�RU�ODWHU�SXSDO�VWDJH�REVHUYHG�ZLWKLQ����GD\V�RI�WKH�WLPH�WKH�ODUYD�ZHUH�ILUVW�FRPPLQJOHG�DQG�WKH�VWXG\�EHJDQ���)XUWKHU������RI�WKH�ODUYD�HPHUJHG�DV�DGXOW�IOLHV�ZLWKLQ����GD\V�RI�WKH�VWDUW�RI�WKH�VWXG\��

��� 'HYHORSPHQW�LQ�WKH�7UHDWPHQW�FKDPEHUV�GLG�QRW�SURFHHG�VLJQLILFDQWO\���2QO\����SHUFHQW�RI�WKH�ODUYD�ZKHUH�LQ�WKH�ILUVW�RU�ODWHU�SXSDO�VWDJH�ZLWKLQ����GD\V�DIWHU�WKH�ODUYD�ZHUH�ILUVW�FRPPLQJOHG�DQG�WKH�VWXG\�EHJDQ���5HFDOO��WKHUH�ZHUH�DW�OHDVW������L�H��WKHUH�PD\�KDYH�EHHQ�FORVH�WR������LQ�WKH�SXSDO�VWDJH�DW�WKH�WLPH�RI�WUHDWPHQW����

��� 1R�IXUWKHU�ODUYDO��RU�SXSDO�GHYHORSPHQW�ZDV�REVHUYHG�LQ�WKH�ILQDO���GD\V�RI�WKH�VWXG\�LQ�WKH�WUHDWPHQW�FKDPEHU���7KH�ODYD�DQG�SXSD�ZHUH�SUHVXPHG�GHDG�ZLWKLQ����KRXUV�E\�FRPSDULVRQ�WR�WKH�GHYHORSPHQW�REVHUYHG�LQ�WKH�FRQWURO�FKDPEHUV��

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WUHDWPHQW�FKDPEHUV�DV�ZHOO�DV�WR�REVHUYH�WKH�FRQWURO�FKDPEHUV�IRU�DGKHUHQFH�WR�H[SHFWHG�JURZWK�SDWWHUQV��7DEOH�����

��� /DUYD�DQG�SXSD�LQ�WKH�FRQWURO�FKDPEHUV�FRQWLQXHG�WR�GHYHORS�ZLWK�DSSUR[LPDWHO\�����VXUYLYLQJ�WR�DGXOWKRRG��

��� :KLOH�LW�DSSHDUHG�WKDW�DOO�ODUYD�DQG�SXSD�ZHUH�GHDG�ZLWKLQ����KRXUV�DIWHU�WUHDWPHQW��LW�ZDV�FOHDU�WKDW�3UHYHQWLQH�0/&�FDXVHG�FRPSOHWH�PRUWDOLW\�LQ�WKH�WUHDWPHQW�FKDPEHUV�LQ�FRPSDULVRQ�WR�WKH�GHYHORSPHQW�REVHUYHG�LQ�WKH�FRQWURO�FKDPEHUV��

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Research Question Study 2��'RHV�WKH�SRVW�RYLSRVLWLRQ�DSSOLFDWLRQ�RI�3UHYHQWLQH�0/&�

RQWR�WKH�HJJV�DQG�KDELWDW�VXUIDFH�DUHD�HIIHFW�GHYHORSPHQW"�

Results Study 2��<HV��3UHYHQWLQH�0/&�FDXVHG�FRPSOHWH�PRUWDOLW\�RI�WUHDWHG�HJJV�LQ�DV�OLWWOH�DV����KRXUV��

Materials and Methods Study 2

��� $�VDPSOH�RI����DGXOW�IOLHV�����PDOH�DQG����IHPDOH��ZDV�UDQGRPO\�FKRVHQ�IURP�

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ZKHQ�DFWLYLW\�SHUPDQHQWO\�FHDVHG�DQG�IOLHV�ZHUH�LGHQWLILHG�DV�GHDG����

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Page�14�of�23��

Table 2: Egg Development and Adult Fly Survival data for Study 2

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2YLSRVLWLRQ�ILUVW�REVHUYHG�DIWHU�LQGLFDWHG�WLPH�ODSVH�

2YLSRVLWLRQ�7DSHUHG��7UHDWPHQW�$SSOLHG��DIWHU�FXPXODWLYH�WLPH�ODSVH����������

3HUFHQW�ILUVW�ODWHU�,QVWDU��VWDJH�REVHUYHG�DIWHU�FXPXODWLYH�WLPH�ODSVH�RI����������

3HUFHQW�ILUVW�SXSDO�VWDJH�REVHUYHG�DIWHU�FXPXODWLYH�WLPH�ODSVH�RI����������

3HUFHQW�$GXOW�)OLHV�HPHUJLQJ�DIWHU�FXPXODWLYH�WLPH�ODSVH�RI����������

(JJ�DQG��/DUYDO�PRUWDOLW\���DIWHU�FXPXODWLYH�WLPH�ODSVH�RI����������

6���������/DUYD�� ��������� 0LVWHG�0/&� ���� �� �� �����

6�&��������/DUYD�� ��������� 0LVWHG�:DWHU� ��������� ���� ������� ����

6�&��������/DUYD�� ��������� 1R�7UHDWPHQW� ������� ���� ������� ����

6���������/DUYD�� ��������� 0LVWHG�0/&� �� �� �� �����

Picture 2.1: First/Later Instar, Treatment S201 after 12 days (Table 2)

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Page 15: MU study House Fly copy

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Picture 2.2: First/Later Instar, Control S2C02 after 12 days (Table 2) �

Summary of Study 2

��� $GXOW�IOLHV�ZHUH�SODFHG�LQ�IRXU�VWXG\�FKDPEHUV�ZLWK�KDELWDWV�VLPLODU�WR�ZKLFK�WKH\�ZRXOG�EH�REVHUYHG�LQ�QDWXUH��

��� 7UHDWPHQW�FKDPEHUV�ZHUH�PLVWHG�ZLWK���P/�OLWHU�GLOXWLRQ�RI�3UHYHQWLQH�0/&�DQG�WDS�ZDWHU���7KH�ILUVW�FRQWURO�FKDPEHU�ZDV�PLVWHG�ZLWK�RQO\�WDS�ZDWHU���7KH�VHFRQG�FRQWURO�FKDPEHU�UHFHLYHG�QR�WUHDWPHQW��

��� 7KH�DGXOW�IOLHV�ZHUH�DOORZHG�WR�IHHG��FRSXODWH��DQG�REVHUYHG�IRU�SURJUHVVLRQ�WR�RYLSRVLWLRQ���

��� 7KH�WUHDWPHQW�FKDPEHUV�ZHUH�PLVWHG�ZKHQ�LW�DSSHDUHG�WKDW�RYLSRVLWLRQ�KDG�VXEVWDQWLDOO\�WDSHUHG��DSSUR[LPDWHO\����GD\V�DIWHU�WKH�IOLHV�ZHUH�FRPPLQJOHG�LQWR�WKHLU�UHVSHFWLYH�FKDPEHUV�DW�WKH�EHJLQQLQJ�RI�WKH�VWXG\�����

��� 7KH�FKDPEHUV�ZHUH�WKHQ�REVHUYHG�IRU�HJJ�GHYHORSPHQW�DQG�HPHUJLQJ�ODUYD�DQG�WKH�REVHUYHG�GLIIHUHQFHV�EHWZHHQ�WKH�WUHDWPHQW�DQG�FRQWURO�FKDPEHUV�UHFRUGHG�LQ�7DEOH����

��� 2YLSRVLWLRQ�LQ�WKH�WZR�FRQWURO�FKDPEHUV�SURFHHGHG�VLPLODUO\�DQG�SURJUHVVHG�DV�H[SHFWHG�IRU�VXFK�D�KDELWDW�ZLWK�������SHUFHQW�RI�WKH�HJJV�HPHUJLQJ�LQWR�ILUVW�LQVWDU�ODUYD�ZLWKLQ����KRXUV��1R�ODUYD�ZHUH�REVHUYHG�WR�HPHUJH�LQ�WKH�ILUVW����KRXUV�LQ�HLWKHU�RI�WKH�WUHDWPHQW�FKDPEHUV��

��� 7KHUH�ZDV�QR�IXUWKHU�GHYHORSPHQW�REVHUYHG�LQ�WKH�HJJV�LQ�HLWKHU�RI�WKH�WUHDWPHQW�FKDPEHUV���7KH�HJJV�ZHUH�SUHVXPHG�GHDG�ZLWKLQ����KRXUV�E\�FRPSDULVRQ�WR�WKH�GHYHORSPHQW�REVHUYHG�LQ�WKH�FRQWURO�FKDPEHUV��

��� 0RQLWRULQJ�RI�DOO�FKDPEHUV�FRQWLQXHG�DQG�GDWD�UHFRUGHG�IRU����GD\V�DIWHU�WKH�WUHDWPHQWV�ZHUH�DSSOLHG�DOORZLQJ�YHULILFDWLRQ�RI�HJJ�PRUWDOLW\�LQ�WKH�WUHDWPHQW�

Page 16: MU study House Fly copy

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Page 17: MU study House Fly copy

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Research Question Study 3��'RHV�WKH�3UH�RYLSRVLWLRQ�DSSOLFDWLRQ�RI�3UHYHQWLQH�0/&�

RQWR�WKH�HJJV�DQG�KDELWDW�VXUIDFH�DUHD�HIIHFW�RYLSRVLWLRQ�DQG�IXUWKHU�GHYHORSPHQW"�

Results Study 3��<HV��3UHYHQWLQH�0/&�FDXVHG�FRPSOHWH�PRUWDOLW\�RI�DGXOW�IOLHV�LQ�DV�OLWWOH�DV����KRXUV�SUHYHQWLQJ�RYLSRVLWLRQ��

Materials and Methods Study 3

��� $�VDPSOH�RI����DGXOW�IOLHV�����PDOH�DQG����IHPDOH��ZDV�UDQGRPO\�FKRVHQ�IURP�

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Page 18: MU study House Fly copy

Page�18�of�23��

Table 3: Egg Development and Adult Fly Survival data for Study 3

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7UHDWPHQW�DSSOLHG�DIWHU�FXPXODWLYH�WLPH�ODSVH�RI����������

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3HUFHQW�ILUVW�SXSDO�VWDJH�REVHUYHG�DIWHU�FXPXODWLYH�WLPH�ODSVH�RI����������

3HUFHQW�$GXOW�)OLHV�HPHUJLQJ�DIWHU�FXPXODWLYH�WLPH�ODSVH�RI����������

(JJ�DQG��/DUYDO�PRUWDOLW\���DIWHU�FXPXODWLYH�WLPH�ODSVH�RI����������

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2EVHUYHG� �� �� �� �����

Picture 3.1: Oviposition, Control S3C01 after 8.5 days (Table 3)

������������������������������������������������������������14�7KH�FKDPEHUV�ZHUH�WDSSHG�D�IHZ�WLPHV�EHIRUH�D�ILQDO�GHWHUPLQDWLRQ�RI�GHDWK�ZDV�PDGH��15�6HH�3LFWXUH�����16�6HH�3LFWXUH�����

Page 19: MU study House Fly copy

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Picture 3.2: Pre-oviposition Adult Mortality, Treatment S303 after 8.5 days (Table 3) �

Summary of Study 3

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Research Question Study 4��'RHV�WKH�DSSOLFDWLRQ�RI�3UHYHQWLYH�0/&�LQWR�D�KDELWDW�

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Materials and Methods Study 4

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Table 4: Life Stage Survival data for Study 4

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Picture 4.1: All stages thriving, Control S4C01 after 10 days (Table 4) �

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Summary of Study 4

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