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#1: CONSUMPTION BY PRIVATE CITIZENS [C]

like you and me buying (overpriced) daal, vegetables and milk (courtesy: Sharad Pawar).

I buy your second-hand bike for 15,000 Rupees, should we including it in the consumer Expenditure (C) ? Nope.

Because the bike Is not produced again.

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Second hand products are not counted

When you had bought that bike for Rs.30000, 10 years ago, we had counted that money in that years GDP. Sosecond hand-product sale money cannot be counted in this years GDP.

Now, I buy your second-hand bike from an auto dealer, (who gets Rs.1000 Commission) should we include it in

the (C)? Hell Yes, because he sold his service to me uniquely. Every time he sells a second hand product,

although no new product is created but new service is delivered by him.

WHAT IF SAME 1000 RUPEE NOTE IS CHANGING HANDS?

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Each service or product has separate value even if same currency note is used to purchase it

I gave a note of Rs.1000 to that dealer as part of his brokerage (dalaali) and he gives the same Rs.1000 note to

the electricity company for his monthly bill.

Same Rs.1000 note is changing hands so is our GDP =Rs.1000? Nope. GDP is the money value of everything

produced within India. So brokerage service is Rs.1000 separately and the electricity produced is also worth

Rs.1000 separately. Therefore, Even as same 1000 rupee note is given to both parties.

Total GDP=1000 brokeage+1000 electricity bill=Rs.2000

If electri.co gives that 1000 rupee note to its peon as salary, then again it has to be counted. Because peon sold

his unique service separately to the company. So in that case

Total GDP =Brokerge+Electric bill+peon^ salary=Rs.3000

#2: Investment [I]

People investing in sharemarket, putting money in banks etc.

#3: Government spending [G]

Like buying (overpriced) sports equipment from Kalmaadis associates during Common wealth games.

Government paying salary to staff, buying new tanks and missiles..everything.

#4, 5 :Export & Import [X & M]

Money we get from export is added.

You remember that GDP means Money value of everything we produce within India. So if we import something, it

has to be subtracted, because it is not produced within India.

So formula (for ease In remembering)

GDP = Consumer+Investor+Governer + (eXporter iMporter)

Technically correct formula:

GDP(Expenditure)=C+I+G+(X-M)

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#B: Income Method of counting gdp

Here you count everyones income. But some people may be running business in credit (udhaari), sometimes

payments are delayed. So may not give the full picture for the given year.

#C: Production method of counting gdp

Total money value of everything produced (value added at each stage)

1. Farmer produced Wheat and sold 100 kg of it @ 2000 Rs. (Original value)

2. Flour mill, purchased it, grinded it and sold the flour to baker @ 2500 Rs. (+500 value added to previous

purchase)

3. Baker made breads, cookies and biscuits and sold the total production @3500 Rs to its final customers.

(+1000 value added to previous purchase)

what is total GDP here?

2000+2500+3500=8000 Rs? Hell no! Youve to see the value added.

So, total money value of this line is: 2000+500+1000=3500.

Not all of the wheat goes into Bakers oven. Some of it will go in making beer, some in a normal household for

making roti and so on. Youve to track the value added in each different line.

To be continued GDP at nominal price, Market price, Factor Cost, etc.etc.etc.