Mrs. Schroerlucke with help from Roger Kaimien Music and Appreciation

What makes music?Sound is organizedMusic is usually planned and predeterminedMusic contains several organizing principlesNoise is not organized, it just happensExample of noise: everyone warming up on

their own

Analogy: What are the structural elements of a house?

What are some common elements of music?

Pitch= highness or lowness of soundsee.

Oh. You.. Can.

say.

Pitch changes with speed of vibration of a sound wave. The faster the vibration, the higher the pitch, the slower the vibration, the lower the pitch

Each definite pitch is called a tone and has a specific frequency

The distance in pitch between 2 notes is called an interval

Question: How can you change the speed of vibration on an instrument?

The octave is the interval between the first and last tones of the familiar scale used in Western music for centuries.

Note: in non-western music (Asian and African continent) the octave may be divided into more tones

The distance between the lowest tone and the highest tone that one instrument can play is called the pitch range.

Some instruments have bigger ranges than others. They can play more tones! For example a voice is about 1 ½ octaves while the piano can play 7 octaves!

Loudness and softness in music. Composers traditionally use Italian words or their abbreviations to notate dynamics:

Pianissimo pp very softPiano p softMezzo piano mp medium softMezzo forte mf medium loudForte f loudFortissimo ff very loudOther symbols tell musicians to get louder or

softer

Tone color or timbre distinguishes one instrument from another. Words like bright, dark, brilliant, mellow and rich describe different instrument or vocal sounds.

How would you compare the sound of the flute to the tuba?

Performing MediaStrings: violin, cello, bass, viola, harpWoodwinds: flute, clarinet, oboe, bassoon, saxBrass: trumpet, trombone, french horn,

euphonium, tubaPercussion: drums, xylophone, timpani,

cymbals, gongs, triangle, tambourine, claves and more….

Keyboard instruments: piano, harpsichord, organ, accordian

Electronic: guitars, synthesizers, MIDI (musical instrument digital interface)

RhythmRhythm is comprised of beat, meter, tempo,

accent and syncopationBeat= a regular, recurring pulsation. It can

be strong or subtle./ / / / / / / / / / / / ////Jin gle Bells Jin gle Bells Jin gle all the way

RhythmCombinations of different note lengths create

rhythm. Some notes are long and some are short.

S s s s s LHappy Birthday to You,

What are the long and short notes in:Mary had a little lamb, little lamb, little lamb Mary had a little lam her fleece was white as

snow…

Rhythm--MeterIn music, some beats feel stronger or more

stressed than others. This creates patterns of a strong beat + weaker beats.

Duple meter: 1 2 (While my guitar gently weeps- Beatles)

Triple meter: 1 2 3 (Crazier –Taylor Swift)Quadruple meter: 1 2 3 4 (Come together-

Beatles)

Rhythm- TempoTempo is the speed of the music. Again,

Italian words are used to communicate how to play a piece of music.

Largo AllegrettoGrave AllegroAdagio VivaceAndante PrestoModerato Prestissimo

Melody“A series of single notes which add up to a

recognizable whole. A melody begins, moves and ends. It has direction, shape and continuity. The up and down movement of pitches conveys tension and release, expectation and arrival.”Roger Kamien

The melody is usually the tune, or the part that has the words in the song

MelodyWhat are some melodies that you can think of

?

HarmonyWhen singers accompany themselves on

guitar, they add support, depth, and richness to the melody. This is called harmonizing.

Harmony is the way chords are constructed and how they follow each other.

A chord is a group of three of more tones sounded at once.

HarmonySome chords are stable and restful. We call

these consonant.Some chords are unstable and demand a

motion to a more stable chord. These are called dissonant chords.

Listen to these examples. Are these chords consant or dissonant?

TextureTexture describes 3 possibilities in music:

Monophonic: a single unaccompanied melodyPolyphonic: Two melodies played at the

same time of equal importanceHomophonic: a Melody with accompaniment.

Most popular music is homophonic.

Listen to the examples and identify each texture.

Musical FormForm is the structure of a piece of music. It is

like the architectural blueprint of a house!Some types of Form: (there are others)A B A (ternary or 3 part)A B (binary of 2 part)By using the principles of repetition and

contrast, composers are able to expand upon these forms, creating mega-pieces!

Double Bubble MapDraw a double bubble map to compare to

different songs or pieces of music. The circles should represent similarities and the other shapes should represent differences. Use the musical vocabulary your have learned in this presentation.

melody

1 2

meter

melody