Name: _______________________Period: _______________________

Date: _______________________Biogeochemical Cycles

How does the law of conservation of matter apply to the behavior of nutrients in the environment?(page 83)

Nutrients cycle endlessly in ________________________________ cycles.

Nothing is created or destroyed, matter is just ________________________ from one type to another

The amount of matter in the environment stays the _________________________.

What is the difference between micronutrients and macronutrients?(page 83)

Micro- means _____________________ Micronutrients, like

______________________________________, are needed in small amounts.

Macro- means ____________________ Macronutrients, like

__________________________________________, are need in large amounts.

What is the difference between a producer and a consumer? (pages 141-143)

Primary __________________ produce their own food via photosynthesis

o Plants, algae, phytoplankton (phyto- = plant) _________________ are organisms that must eat (consume) other

organisms (plant or animal) to obtain nutrientso Mostly animals

___________________ are organisms that break down wastes and dead organisms

o Bacteria and fungi

How does the ten percent rule apply to the concept of an energy pyramid? (pages 144-145)

An energy __________________ shows organisms at lower trophic levels exist in far greater numbers, with greater biomass, than organisms at higher trophic levels.

Each trophic level contains just 10% of the energy of the trophic level below it.

o The rest is used to power life processes or lost as heat.What is a food chain and how

Food _______________- The sequence of consumption from producers through tertiary

Name: _______________________Period: _______________________

Date: _______________________does this compare to a food web? (page 146-147)

consumers.

Food _______________- A more realistic type of food chain that takes into account the complexity of nature.

What is the carbon cycle?(page 84-85)

Define/List an example to explain the following terms: Photosynthesis:

________________________________________________________________________________________

Name: _______________________Period: _______________________

Date: ___________________________________________________________________

Cellular respiration: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Fossil fuel: ___________________________________ Combustion:

________________________________________________________________________________________

Decomposition: ________________________________________________________________________________________

Draw the Carbon cycle:

What is the difference between a carbon sink and carbon source?(page 84-85)

Carbon Sink Carbon SourceDefinition

Examples

How do humans effect the carbon cycle?

Deforestation: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Name: _______________________Period: _______________________

Date: _______________________(page 85)

Combustion of fossil fuels: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

What is the phosphorus cycle?(page 86 and 354)

Define/List an example to explain the following terms: Weathering:

________________________________________________________________________________________

Uptake: ________________________________________________________________________________________

Fertilizer: ________________________________________________________________________________________

Eutrophication: ________________________________________________________________________________________

Draw the phosphorus cycle:

What causes eutrophication?(page 86 and 436)

1. Runoff of _______________________________ high in ________________________ or ___________________________

2. This causes too much ____________________ to grow

3. Sunlight is blocked and submerged aquatic vegetation

Name: _______________________Period: _______________________

Date: _______________________begins to die.

4. The population of ________________________ grows due to the large amount of organic matter that needs to be decomposed.

5. Bacteria respire as they are decomposing the “dead stuff” and they use up all of the ___________________ (this is called HYPOXIA)

What is the nitrogen cycle?(page 87, 88, 89)

Define/List an example to explain the following terms: Nitrogen fixation:

________________________________________________________________________________________

Bacteria: ____________________________________ Legumes: ___________________________________ Nitrification:

________________________________________________________________________________________

Denitrification: ________________________________________________________________________________________

Draw the nitrogen cycle:

What sources of nitrogen added to the Mississippi River can be regulated in order to help alleviate

Read page 63 and describe what the “dead zone” of the Gulf of Mexico is referring to: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

What causes the “dead zone” to appear?

Name: _______________________Period: _______________________

Date: _______________________the issues associated to hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico?(page 63 and 88)

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Now look at Figure 25 on page 88. List all the nitrogen inputs going into the Mississippi River. Circle the sources that humans can regulate.