Mr. Hamilton Biology Monroe County High School. Cell Organelles Organelle= “specialized cell part...
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Transcript of Mr. Hamilton Biology Monroe County High School. Cell Organelles Organelle= “specialized cell part...
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Cell Organelles
Mr. HamiltonBiology
Monroe County High School
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Cell OrganellesOrganelle= “specialized cell part that performs a specific function”
Found only inside eukaryotic cells
All the stuff in between the organelles is cytoplasm (cytosol)
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Plasma(Cell) Membrane
Boundary of the cellMade of a phospholipid bilayer
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NucleusControl center of the cellContains DNASurrounded by a double membraneUsually the easiest organelle to see under a microscopeUsually one per cell
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NucleolusSmall, dense region within the nucleus
The assembly of ribosomes begins here
Ribosomes aid in the production of proteins within the cell
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ChromatinGranular material within the nucleus
Consists of DNA bound to Protein
Chromatin is normally spread throughout the nucleus
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ChromosomesWhen a cell divides, chromatin condenses to form ChromosomesChromosomes are distinct, threadlike structures that contain genetic informationThe genetic info. is passed from one generation of cells to the next
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CytoskeletonActs as skeleton and muscleProvides shape and structureHelps move organelles around the cellMade of three types of filaments
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
A.k.a. “ER”Connected to nuclear membraneHighway of the cellRough ER: studded with ribosomes; it makes proteinsSmooth ER: no ribosomes; it makes lipids
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RibosomeSite of protein synthesisFound attached to rough ER or floating free in cytosolProduced in a part of the nucleus called the nucleolus
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Golgi ApparatusLooks like a stack of platesStores, modifies and packages proteinsMolecules transported to and from the Golgi by means of vesicles
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LysosomesGarbage disposal of the cellContain digestive enzymes that break down wastes
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Mitochondria“Powerhouse of the cell”Cellular respiration occurs here to release energy for the cell to useBound by a double membraneHas its own strand of DNA
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ChloroplastFound only in plant cellsContains the green pigment chlorophyllSite of food (glucose) productionBound by a double membrane
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Cell WallFound in plant and bacterial cellsRigid, protective barrierLocated outside of the cell membraneMade of cellulose (fiber)
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VacuolesLarge central vacuole usually in plant cellsMany smaller vacuoles in animal cellsStorage container for water, food, enzymes, wastes, pigments, etc.
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CentrioleAids in cell divisionUsually found only in animal cellsMade of microtubules
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Quick ReviewWhich organelle is the control center of the cell? Nucleus
Which organelle holds the cell together?Cell membrane
Which organelles are not found in animal cells?Cell wall, central vacuole, chloroplasts
Which organelle helps plant cells make food?Chloroplasts
What does E.R. stand for?Endoplasmic reticulum