Mr C Johnston ICT Teacher BTEC IT Unit 28 - Lesson 01 How the Internet Works.
-
Upload
esmond-hunt -
Category
Documents
-
view
356 -
download
0
Transcript of Mr C Johnston ICT Teacher BTEC IT Unit 28 - Lesson 01 How the Internet Works.
Mr C JohnstonICT Teacher
www.computechedu.co.uk
BTEC IT Unit 28 - Lesson 01
How the Internet Works
Session Objectives Understand web architecture and components which make
up the internet.
How Does the Internet Work??
What Are the Main Components of the
Internet?
Once you have watched the video download the vocabulary worksheet and complete the definitions of key internet components.
Web Architecture Internet Service Providers (ISP) Web hosting services Domain structure Domain name registrars Worldwide web
Web Components Hardware
eg web, mail and proxy servers; routers; Software
eg browser, email; Protocols
transport and addressing eg TCP/IP; application layer eg HTTP, HTTPS, SMTP;
The Internet The internet is simply a network of computer networks
made up from clients, servers and interconnection devices.
Description… Servers provide services for example host websites, Clients (pcs, mac, tablets, phones, consoles etc.) access the
services using software for example web browser software, Requests are sent from the software as data packets and
have a source and a destination address, Routers, route the data packets to their destination by passing
them across different networks, Servers reply to the requests sending the required information
back in more data packets using the source address, Routers will again route the data packets to the required
client by passing the data packets from network to network.
The Web Server A website needs a home so other people can access it – this is known as a
host, Most common hosts are Web Servers – computers running special software
which can handle requests and deliver content to others, Servers are normally powerful computers with multiple processors, lots of
memory and huge storage capacity,
A Web Server in addition requires a permanent internet connection and a static IP address for each site its running.
Topic Task Complete the internet vocabulary sheet. Draw a diagram to show how an HTTP request works. Write a short report which outlines web architecture
and the components which allow the internet and websites to function ensure you include:
Components: hardware eg web, mail and proxy servers; routers; software eg browser, email;
Web architecture: Internet Service Providers (ISP) and web hosting services; world wide web DNS system; domain name and domain name registrars; IP Addresses
BTEC Book – Unit 28 p4 - 6
Internet Addressing – TCP/IP - History
In 1983 it was decided that all computers on the net should communicate using a standard protocol, A protocol is a set of rules – in English we must start sentences with a capital letter and end with a punctuation
mark, Transport Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) was chosen, It is made up of 5 layers:
The top level provides the protocols which your applications use e.g. email, http, and ftp The middle layers breaks data up into packets and adds destination and source addresses. They also reassemble at the other end The bottom layer sends / receives data
Each computer (both servers and clients) connected to the internet need an address so they can send and receive data,
Internet Protocol states how this address is constructed: A 32 bit binary number spilt into four parts of 8 bits by a full stop,
The parts of the IP address are then decimalised for ease of use. For example: 10110010.00101000.00000011.01011000
is 178.40.3.88 Each computer that is connected to the internet needs a unique registered IP Address, Your computer is assigned an IP address automatically by your ISP when you connect to the
internet.
Internet Addressing – TCP/IP - Explanation
Accessing Web Pages To access a webpage on a server you need to enter
the IP address for the server where the pages live into web browsing software
IP address for Google's server
IP address for Google's server entered into browser and page appears
Is this really the best way to access content on the internet??
Domain Names - Overview The “Domain Name” was invented to make the web more
accessible, Access webpage's using IP addresses would intimidate some
people and most would struggle to remember them, Domain names are a textual way of accessing websites –
instead of entering an IP address companies can register their name or a related word and link it to their IP address,
You can register a domain name for as little as 99p for 2 years. The “Domain Name Service” (DNS) links your IP address and
domain name so that either become an address for your site, Basically DNS is big database listing domain names and their
linked IP address. Your ISP contain DNS listings on its servers.
Theoretical Example DNS
Domain Name IP
www.google.co.uk 209.85.229.104
www.bbc.co.uk 212.58.246.90
uk.msn.com 213.199.164.110
www.virginmedia.com
212.250.162.12
www.facebook.com 69.63.181.12
In theory a DNS table would look something like this – in practice however they are a lot more complicated!
ntchosting.com. 394 IN A 216.65.1.250
Domain Names - Example
“Domain Names” have three different parts
www.computechedu.co.uk/quiz
This part is the domain nameThis part is the top level domain – also known as the extension or suffixThis part is the directory where the web page lives
Choice #1 – Domain Name
The first choice is what your domain name should be???
The obvious choice is your business name….. What if its taken or not possible e.g. B&Q???
Something key to do with your business – DIY!!!
Choice #2 – Top Level
There are various different domain name extensions which your domain can have,
Typical domain names include: .com – international company .org – none profit organisation .net - network services such as ISPs .co.uk – UK company .gov – government .ac.uk – UK college / university
You can investigate the available extensions for your domain by visiting an Accredited Registrar,
You can only reserve domain names which don’t belong to anyone else - some will not be available due to restrictions.
The fee varies depending on extensions and also supplier – its good to shop around,
Registrations last for 2 years before they need to be renewed,
NOMINET.uk are an organisation who handle domain registrations in the UK and issue domain name certificates once applications are processed by the registrars.
• The outline should take the form of a short report which defines the different components requires and a diagram which shows the different stages of a request and the information which passes through them to get it from server to screen
P1 – Outline the web architecture and components which enable internet and web functionality.
P1 – Outline the web architecture and components which enable internet and web functionality.