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Moving Picture Experts Group

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

MPEG logo

"MPEG" redirects here. For the guild, see Motion Picture Editors Guild. For theunaliated company that licenses patent pools for some MPEG standards, seeMPEG L.

The Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) is a working group of experts that was formed by

ISO and IEC to set standards for audio and video compression and transmission!"# It wasestab$ished in "%&& by the initiative of 'iroshi asuda ( ippon Te$egraph and Te$ephone) and

*eonardo Chiarig$ione!+#, who has been from the beginning the Chairman of the group The first

-.E/ meeting was in -ay "%&& in Ottawa, Canada!0#!1#!2# 3s of $ate +442, -.E/ has grown toinc$ude approximate$y 024 members per meeting from various industries, universities, and

research institutions -.E/5s officia$ designation is ISO6IEC 7TC"6SC+% 8/"" 9 Coding of

moving pictures and audio (ISO6IEC 7oint Technica$ Committee ", Subcommittee +%, 8orking/roup "")!:#!;#!!%#

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion_Picture_Editors_Guildhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG_LAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Working_grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Working_grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Electrotechnical_Commissionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_compression_(data)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_compressionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moving_Picture_Experts_Group#cite_note-TMH-2-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiroshi_Yasudahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiroshi_Yasudahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nippon_Telegraph_and_Telephonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonardo_Chiariglionehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moving_Picture_Experts_Group#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moving_Picture_Experts_Group#cite_note-about-mpeg-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moving_Picture_Experts_Group#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moving_Picture_Experts_Group#cite_note-chiariglione-history-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moving_Picture_Experts_Group#cite_note-chiariglione-history-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_JTC1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moving_Picture_Experts_Group#cite_note-wg11-structure-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moving_Picture_Experts_Group#cite_note-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moving_Picture_Experts_Group#cite_note-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moving_Picture_Experts_Group#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:MPEG.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mpeg.gifhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mpeg.gifhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion_Picture_Editors_Guildhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG_LAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Working_grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Electrotechnical_Commissionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_compression_(data)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_compressionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moving_Picture_Experts_Group#cite_note-TMH-2-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiroshi_Yasudahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nippon_Telegraph_and_Telephonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonardo_Chiariglionehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moving_Picture_Experts_Group#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moving_Picture_Experts_Group#cite_note-about-mpeg-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moving_Picture_Experts_Group#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moving_Picture_Experts_Group#cite_note-chiariglione-history-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_JTC1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moving_Picture_Experts_Group#cite_note-wg11-structure-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moving_Picture_Experts_Group#cite_note-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moving_Picture_Experts_Group#cite_note-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moving_Picture_Experts_Group#cite_note-8


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Contents

!hide

• # $%er%ie&

• ' (u) Groups• * +ooperation &ith other groups

o *.# oint -ideo eam

o *.' oint +olla)orati%e eam on -ideo +oding

• / (tandards

• 0 (tandardi1ation process

• 2 (ee also

• 3 4otes

• 5 E6ternal links

[ edit ] Overview

+ompression methodology

The -.E/ compression methodo$ogy is considered asymmetric as the encoder is more comp$ex

than the decoder !"# The encoder needs to be a$gorithmic or adaptive whereas the decoder is5dumb5 and carries out fixed actions!"# This is considered advantageous in app$ications such as

broadcasting where the number of expensive comp$ex encoders is sma$$ but the number ofsimp$e inexpensive decoders is $arge The -.E/5s (ISO5s) approach to standardi


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which means better designs can evo$ve and users have greater choice, because encoders of

different $eve$s of cost and comp$exity can exist, yet a comp$iant decoder operates with a$$ of

them!"4#

-.E/ a$so standardi


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[ edit ] Standards

The -.E/ standards consist of different Parts Each part covers a certain aspect of the who$e

specification!":# The standards a$so specify Profiles and Levels Profiles are intended to define a

set of too$s that are avai$ab$e, and Levels define the range of appropriate va$ues for the properties

associated with them!";# Some of the approved -.E/ standards were revised by $ateramendments and6or new editions -.E/ has standardi

• MPEG:# ;#


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features.!''!'*!'/ (e%eral ne& higher:eciency %ideo standards ;ne&er thanMPEG:' -ideo= are included, nota)ly>

o MPEG:/ Part ' ;or (imple and d%anced (imple ProAle= and

o MPEG:/ -+ ;or MPEG:/ Part #C or D.'2/=. MPEG:/ -+ may )e used

on D9 9-9 and lu:ray 9iscs, along &ith -+:# and MPEG:'.

In addition, the fo$$owing standards, whi$e not se=uentia$ advances to the video encoding

standard as with -.E/9" through -.E/91, are referred to by simi$ar notation>

• MPEG:3 ;'CC'=> Multimedia content description interface. ;?($@?E+ #0 Multimedia framework (M!G-"1#. ;?($@?E+ '#CCC= MPEGdescri)es this standard as a multimedia framework and pro%ides forintellectual property management and protection.

-oreover, more recent$y than other standards above, -.E/ has started fo$$owing internationa$standards each of the standards ho$ds mu$tip$e -.E/ techno$ogies for a way of app$ication!+2#

!+:#!+;#!+!+%# (For examp$e, -.E/93 inc$udes a number of techno$ogies on mu$timedia app$ication

format)

• MPEG: ;'CC3=> Multimedia application format (M!G-$#. ;?($@?E+ '*CCC=;e.g., Purpose for multimedia application formats,!*C MPEG music playerapplication format, MPEG photo player application format and others=

• MPEG: ;'CC2=> M!G s%stems tec&nologies. ;?($@?E+ '*CC#= ;e.g., inaryMPEG format for ML,!*# Fragment 7e8uest Hnits, itstream (ynta69escription Language ;(9L= and others=

• MPEG:+ ;'CC2=> M!G video tec&nologies. ;?($@?E+ '*CC'= ;e.g., ccuracyre8uirements for implementation of integer:output 565 in%erse discretecosine transform!*' and others=

• MPEG:9 ;'CC3=> M!G audio tec&nologies. ;?($@?E+ '*CC*= ;e.g., MPEG(urround!**, ($+:(patial udio $)Iect +oding and H(+:HniAed (peech andudio +oding=

• MPEG:E ;'CC3=> Multimedia Middleware. ;?($@?E+ '*CC/= ;a.k.a. M*W= ;e.g.,rchitecture, !*/ Multimedia application programming interface ;P?=,

+omponent model and others=• 'upplemental media tec&nologies ;'CC5=. ;?($@?E+ ' Media

streaming application format protocols &ill )e re%ised in MPEG:M Part / :MPEG e6tensi)le middle&are ;MM= protocols.!*0

• MPEG:- ;'C##=> Media contet and control. ;?($@?E+ '*CC0= ;a.k.a.?nformation e6change &ith -irtual Worlds= !*2!*3 ;e.g., %atar characteristics,(ensor information, rchitecture!*5!*


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• MPEG:M ;'C#C=> M!G e)tensible Middleware (M)M#. ;?($@?E+ '*CC2= !/C!/#!/' ;e.g., MM architecture and technologies,!/* P?, MPEG e6tensi)le middle&are;MM= protocols!//=

• MPEG:H ;'C#C=> *ic& media user interfaces. ;?($@?E+ '*CC3=!/0!/2 ;e.g.,Widgets=

MPEG groups of standards!'2!'3!'5!/3!/5

Acronym

for a

group of

standard

s

Title

ISO/IC

standar

ds

!irst

public

release

date

"!irst

edition#

$escription

MPEG:#

+oding of mo%ing

pictures andassociated audio fordigital storage media.+ommonly limited toa)out #.0 M)it@salthough speciAcationis capa)le of muchhigher )it rates

?($@?E+###3'

#


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• F9?( : Final 9raft ?nternational (tandard

• P7F : Proof of a ne& ?nternational (tandard

• ?( : ?nternational (tandard ;e.g., ?($@?E+ #*5#5:#>'CC3=

• +9 md @ P9md ;P9M= : +ommittee 9raft mendment @ Proposed 9raftmendment ;e.g., ?($@?E+ #*5#5:#>'CC3@+9 md 2=

• FP9md @ 9M ;9md= : Final Proposed 9raft mendment @ 9raft mendment;e.g., ?($@?E+ #//'CC*@FP9md #=

• F9M ;F9md= : Final 9raft mendment ;e.g., ?($@?E+ #*5#5:#>'CC3@F9md/=

• md : mendment ;e.g., ?($@?E+ #*5#5:#>'CC3@md #>'CC3=

Other abbreviations>

• 7 : echnical 7eport ;e.g., ?($@?E+ 7 #*5#5:0>'CC0=• ( : echnical (peciAcation

• ?W : ?nternational Workshop greement

• +or : echnical +orrigendum ;e.g., ?($@?E+ #*5#5:#>'CC3@+or #>'CC5=

3 proposa$ of work (ew .roposa$) is approved at Subcommittee and then at the Technica$Committee $eve$ (SC+% and 7TC" respective$y 9 in the case of -.E/) 8hen the scope of new

work is sufficient$y c$arified, -.E/ usua$$y makes open re=uests for proposa$s 9 known as GCa$$

for proposa$sG The first document that is produced for audio and video coding standards is ca$$ed

a ?erification -ode$ (?-) In the case of -.E/9" and -.E/9+ this was ca$$ed Simu$ation andTest -ode$, respective$y 8hen a sufficient confidence in the stabi$ity of the standard under

deve$opment is reached, a 8orking Hraft (8H) is produced This is in the form of a standard but

is kept interna$ to -.E/ for revision 8hen a 8H is sufficient$y so$id, becomes CommitteeHraft (CH) (usua$$y at the p$anned time) It is then sent to ationa$ odies () for ba$$ot The

CH becomes Fina$ Committee Hraft (FCH) if the number of positive votes is above the =uorum

3fter a review and comments issued by s, FCH is again submitted to s for the second ba$$ot If the FCH is approved, it becomes Fina$ Hraft Internationa$ Standard (FHIS) ISO then

ho$ds a ba$$ot with ationa$ odies, where no technica$ changes are a$$owed (yes6no ba$$ot) If

approved, the document becomes Internationa$ Standard (IS)!0#

ISO6IEC Hirectives a$$ow a$so the so9ca$$ed GFast9track procedureG In this procedure a documentis submitted direct$y for approva$ as a draft Internationa$ Standard (HIS) to the ISO member

bodies or as a fina$ draft Internationa$ Standard (FHIS) if the document was deve$oped by an

internationa$ standardi


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• oint i:le%el ?mage E6perts Group ;?G=

• Multimedia and Dypermedia information coding E6pert Group ;MDEG=

• udio codec

•

-ideo codec• -ideo 8uality

• -ideo compression

• Pro:MPEG

• MP*

• Leonardo +hiariglione

[ edit ] Notes

#. K a b c d e ohn Watkinson, +&e M!G andbook , p.#'. % Dans Geog Musmann ;P9F=, Genesis of t&e M $udio Coding

'tandard, retrie%ed 'C##:C3:'2

*. K a b c ")out MPEG". chiariglione.org. 7etrie%ed 'CC


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#/. % ?H: ;'C#C:C#=. "Final Ioint call for proposals for ne6t:generation%ideo coding standardi1ation". 7etrie%ed 'C#C:C*:C3.

#0. % ?H:. "oint +olla)orati%e eam on -ideo +oding : +:-+". 7etrie%ed'C#C:C*:C3.

#2. % .nderstanding M!G-, p.35#3. % +li Wootton. $ ractical Guide to 0ideo and $udio Compression.

p. 220.

#5. K a b c d +&e M!G andbook , p./

#'CC2 : ?nformation technology :: +oding ofaudio:%isual o)Iects :: Part '#> MPEG: Graphics Frame&ork etensions;GF=". ?($. 7etrie%ed 'CC'CC3 : ?nformation technology ::Multimedia application format ;MPEG:= :: Part #> Purpose for multimediaapplication formats". 7etrie%ed 'CC


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**. % ?($. "?($@?E+ '*CC*:#>'CC3 : ?nformation technology :: MPEG audiotechnologies :: Part #> MPEG (urround". 7etrie%ed 'CC MM architecture and technologies".

7etrie%ed 'CC


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0#. % "he ?($'3k F : ?($@?E+ acronyms and committees". ?sec Ltd..7etrie%ed 'CC


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