Mpeg Standards44444
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Moving Picture Experts Group
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
MPEG logo
"MPEG" redirects here. For the guild, see Motion Picture Editors Guild. For theunaliated company that licenses patent pools for some MPEG standards, seeMPEG L.
The Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) is a working group of experts that was formed by
ISO and IEC to set standards for audio and video compression and transmission!"# It wasestab$ished in "%&& by the initiative of 'iroshi asuda ( ippon Te$egraph and Te$ephone) and
*eonardo Chiarig$ione!+#, who has been from the beginning the Chairman of the group The first
-.E/ meeting was in -ay "%&& in Ottawa, Canada!0#!1#!2# 3s of $ate +442, -.E/ has grown toinc$ude approximate$y 024 members per meeting from various industries, universities, and
research institutions -.E/5s officia$ designation is ISO6IEC 7TC"6SC+% 8/"" 9 Coding of
moving pictures and audio (ISO6IEC 7oint Technica$ Committee ", Subcommittee +%, 8orking/roup "")!:#!;#!&#!%#
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Contents
!hide
• # $%er%ie&
• ' (u) Groups• * +ooperation &ith other groups
o *.# oint -ideo eam
o *.' oint +olla)orati%e eam on -ideo +oding
• / (tandards
• 0 (tandardi1ation process
• 2 (ee also
• 3 4otes
• 5 E6ternal links
[ edit ] Overview
+ompression methodology
The -.E/ compression methodo$ogy is considered asymmetric as the encoder is more comp$ex
than the decoder !"# The encoder needs to be a$gorithmic or adaptive whereas the decoder is5dumb5 and carries out fixed actions!"# This is considered advantageous in app$ications such as
broadcasting where the number of expensive comp$ex encoders is sma$$ but the number ofsimp$e inexpensive decoders is $arge The -.E/5s (ISO5s) approach to standardi<ation is nove$,
because it is not the encoder that is standardi<ed, but the way a decoder interprets the bitstream3 decoder that can successfu$$y interpret the bitstream is said to be compliant !"# The advantage
of standardi<ing the decoder is that over time encoding a$gorithms can improve, yet comp$iant
decoders continue to function with them!"# The -.E/ standards give very $itt$e informationregarding structure and operation of the encoder and imp$ementers can supp$y encoders using
proprietary a$gorithms!"4# This gives scope for competition between different encoder designs,
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which means better designs can evo$ve and users have greater choice, because encoders of
different $eve$s of cost and comp$exity can exist, yet a comp$iant decoder operates with a$$ of
them!"4#
-.E/ a$so standardi<es the protoco$ and syntax under which it is possib$e to combine or
mu$tip$ex audio data with video data to produce a digita$ e=uiva$ent of a te$evision program-any such programs can be mu$tip$exed and -.E/ defines the way such mu$tip$exes can be
created and transported The definitions inc$ude the metadata used by decoders to demu$tip$ex correct$y!""#
[ edit ] Sub Groups
ISO6IEC 7TC"6SC+%68/"" 9 Coding of moving pictures and audio has fo$$owing Sub /roups
(S/)>!:#
• 7e8uirements• (ystems• -ideo
• udio
• *9 Graphics +ompression
• est
[ edit ] Cooperation with other groups
[edit] Joint Video Team
Joint Video Team (7?T) is @oint pro@ect between ITA9T S/":6B: (Study /roup ": 6 Buestion:) 9 ?CE/ (?ideo Coding Experts /roup) and ISO6IEC 7TC"6SC+%68/"" 9 -.E/ for the
deve$opment of new video coding recommendation and internationa$ standard!:#!"+# It was formed
in +44" and its main resu$t has been '+:16-.E/9193?C (-.E/91 .art "4) !"0#
[edit] Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding
Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding (7CT9?C) is a group of video coding experts from
ITA9T Study /roup ": (?CE/) and ISO6IEC 7TC "6SC +%68/ "" (-.E/) It was created in
+4"4 to deve$op 'igh Efficiency ?ideo Coding, a new generation video coding standard thatfurther reduces (by 24) the data rate re=uired for high =ua$ity video coding, as compared to the
current ITA9T '+:1 6 ISO6IEC "11%:9"4 standard!"1#!"2# 7CT9?C is co9chaired by 7ens9DainerOhm and /ary Su$$ivan
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[ edit ] Standards
The -.E/ standards consist of different Parts Each part covers a certain aspect of the who$e
specification!":# The standards a$so specify Profiles and Levels Profiles are intended to define a
set of too$s that are avai$ab$e, and Levels define the range of appropriate va$ues for the properties
associated with them!";# Some of the approved -.E/ standards were revised by $ateramendments and6or new editions -.E/ has standardi<ed the fo$$owing compression formats
and anci$$ary standards>
• MPEG:# ;#<<*=> Coding of moving pictures and associated audio for digitalstorage media at up to about 1,5 Mbit/s ;?($@?E+ ###3'=. he Arst MPEGcompression standard for audio and %ideo. ?t is commonly limited to a)out#.0 M)it@s although the speciAcation is capa)le of much higher )it rates. ?t&as )asically designed to allo& mo%ing pictures and sound to )e encodedinto the )itrate of a +ompact 9isc. ?t is used on -ideo +9, (-+9 and can )eused for lo&:8uality %ideo on 9-9 -ideo. ?t &as used in digital satellite@ca)le
- ser%ices )efore MPEG:' )ecame &idespread. o meet the lo& )itre8uirement, MPEG:# do&nsamples the images, as &ell as uses picture ratesof only '/B*C D1, resulting in a moderate 8uality.!#5 ?t includes the popularMPEG:# udio Layer ??? ;MP*= audio compression format.
• MPEG:' ;#<<0=> Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audioinformation ;?($@?E+ #*5#5=. ransport, %ideo and audio standards for)roadcast:8uality tele%ision. MPEG:' standard &as considera)ly )roader inscope and of &ider appeal B supporting interlacing and high deAnition. MPEG:' is considered important )ecause it has )een chosen as the compressionscheme for o%er:the:air digital tele%ision (+, 9- and ?(9, digital satellite
- ser%ices like 9ish 4et&ork, digital ca)le tele%ision signals, (-+9 and 9-9
-ideo.
!#5
?t is also used on lu:ray 9iscs, )ut these normally use MPEG:/ Part#C or (MPE -+:# for high:deAnition content.
• MPEG:*> MPEG:* dealt &ith standardi1ing scala)le and multi:resolutioncompression!#5 and &as intended for D9- compression )ut &as found to )eredundant and &as merged &ith MPEG:', as a result there is no MPEG:*standard.!#5!#< MPEG:* is not to )e confused &ith MP*, &hich is MPEG:# udioLayer *.
• MPEG:/ ;#<<5=> Coding of audio-visual objects. ;?($@?E+ #//<2= MPEG:/ usesfurther coding tools &ith additional comple6ity to achie%e higher compressionfactors than MPEG:'.!'C ?n addition to more ecient coding of %ideo, MPEG:/
mo%es closer to computer graphics applications. ?n more comple6 proAles,the MPEG:/ decoder eecti%ely )ecomes a rendering processor and thecompressed )itstream descri)es three:dimensional shapes and surfacete6ture.!'C MPEG:/ supports ?ntellectual Property Management and Protection;?PMP=, &hich pro%ides the facility to use proprietary technologies to manageand protect content like digital rights management.!'# ?t also supports MPEG:
, a fully programmatic solution for creation of custom interacti%e multimediaapplications ; a%a application en%ironment &ith a a%a P?= and many other
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features.!''!'*!'/ (e%eral ne& higher:eciency %ideo standards ;ne&er thanMPEG:' -ideo= are included, nota)ly>
o MPEG:/ Part ' ;or (imple and d%anced (imple ProAle= and
o MPEG:/ -+ ;or MPEG:/ Part #C or D.'2/=. MPEG:/ -+ may )e used
on D9 9-9 and lu:ray 9iscs, along &ith -+:# and MPEG:'.
In addition, the fo$$owing standards, whi$e not se=uentia$ advances to the video encoding
standard as with -.E/9" through -.E/91, are referred to by simi$ar notation>
• MPEG:3 ;'CC'=> Multimedia content description interface. ;?($@?E+ #0<*5=
• MPEG:'# ;'CC#=> Multimedia framework (M!G-"1#. ;?($@?E+ '#CCC= MPEGdescri)es this standard as a multimedia framework and pro%ides forintellectual property management and protection.
-oreover, more recent$y than other standards above, -.E/ has started fo$$owing internationa$standards each of the standards ho$ds mu$tip$e -.E/ techno$ogies for a way of app$ication!+2#
!+:#!+;#!+&#!+%# (For examp$e, -.E/93 inc$udes a number of techno$ogies on mu$timedia app$ication
format)
• MPEG: ;'CC3=> Multimedia application format (M!G-$#. ;?($@?E+ '*CCC=;e.g., Purpose for multimedia application formats,!*C MPEG music playerapplication format, MPEG photo player application format and others=
• MPEG: ;'CC2=> M!G s%stems tec&nologies. ;?($@?E+ '*CC#= ;e.g., inaryMPEG format for ML,!*# Fragment 7e8uest Hnits, itstream (ynta69escription Language ;(9L= and others=
• MPEG:+ ;'CC2=> M!G video tec&nologies. ;?($@?E+ '*CC'= ;e.g., ccuracyre8uirements for implementation of integer:output 565 in%erse discretecosine transform!*' and others=
• MPEG:9 ;'CC3=> M!G audio tec&nologies. ;?($@?E+ '*CC*= ;e.g., MPEG(urround!**, ($+:(patial udio $)Iect +oding and H(+:HniAed (peech andudio +oding=
• MPEG:E ;'CC3=> Multimedia Middleware. ;?($@?E+ '*CC/= ;a.k.a. M*W= ;e.g.,rchitecture, !*/ Multimedia application programming interface ;P?=,
+omponent model and others=• 'upplemental media tec&nologies ;'CC5=. ;?($@?E+ '<##2= Part #> Media
streaming application format protocols &ill )e re%ised in MPEG:M Part / :MPEG e6tensi)le middle&are ;MM= protocols.!*0
• MPEG:- ;'C##=> Media contet and control. ;?($@?E+ '*CC0= ;a.k.a.?nformation e6change &ith -irtual Worlds= !*2!*3 ;e.g., %atar characteristics,(ensor information, rchitecture!*5!*< and others=
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• MPEG:M ;'C#C=> M!G e)tensible Middleware (M)M#. ;?($@?E+ '*CC2= !/C!/#!/' ;e.g., MM architecture and technologies,!/* P?, MPEG e6tensi)le middle&are;MM= protocols!//=
• MPEG:H ;'C#C=> *ic& media user interfaces. ;?($@?E+ '*CC3=!/0!/2 ;e.g.,Widgets=
MPEG groups of standards!'2!'3!'5!/3!/5
Acronym
for a
group of
standard
s
Title
ISO/IC
standar
ds
!irst
public
release
date
"!irst
edition#
$escription
MPEG:#
+oding of mo%ing
pictures andassociated audio fordigital storage media.+ommonly limited toa)out #.0 M)it@salthough speciAcationis capa)le of muchhigher )it rates
?($@?E+###3'
#<<*
MPEG:'
Generic coding ofmo%ing pictures andassociated audioinformation
?($@?E+#*5#5 #<<0
MPEG:*a)andoned, incorporated intoMPEG:'
MPEG:/+oding of audio:%isualo)Iects
?($@?E+#//<2
#<<<
MPEG:3Multimedia contentdescription interface
?($@?E+#0<*5
'CC'
MPEG:'#Multimedia frame&ork;MPEG:'#=
?($@?E+'#CCC
'CC#
MPEG:Multimediaapplication format;MPEG:=
?($@?E+'*CCC
'CC3
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MPEG:MPEG systemstechnologies
?($@?E+'*CC#
'CC2
MPEG:+MPEG %ideotechnologies
?($@?E+'*CC'
'CC2
MPEG:9 MPEG audiotechnologies
?($@?E+'*CC*
'CC3
MPEG:EMultimediaMiddle&are
?($@?E+'*CC/
'CC3
;none=(upplemental mediatechnologies
?($@?E+'<##2
'CC5&ill )e re%ised in MPEG:M Part/ : MPEG e6tensi)lemiddle&are ;MM= protocols
MPEG:-Media conte6t and
control
?($@?E+
'*CC0!*5 'C##
MPEG:MMPEG e6tensi)lemiddle&are ;MM=
?($@?E+'*CC2!/* 'C#C
MPEG:H7ich media userinterfaces
?($@?E+'*CC3!/0 'C#C
MPEG:D!'3
Digh:Eciency -ideo+oding
;planned?($@?E+'*CC5=
Hnderde%elopment
[ edit ] Standardization process
Main article> ?nternational $rgani1ation for (tandardi1ationJ(tandardi1ation process
3 standard pub$ished by ISO6IEC is the $ast stage of a $ong process that starts with the proposa$
of new work within a committee 'ere are some abbreviations used for marking a standard with
its status>!0#!1%#!24#!2"#!2+#!20#
• PW? : Preliminary Work ?tem• 4P or 4W?P : 4e& Proposal @ 4e& Work ?tem Proposal ;e.g., ?($@?E+ 4P '*CC3=
• W? : ppro%ed ne& Work ?tem ;e.g., ?($@?E+ W? #0///:#/=
• W9 : Working 9raft
• +9 : +ommittee 9raft ;e.g., ?($@?E+ +9 '*CCC:0=
• F+9 : Final +ommittee 9raft ;e.g., ?($@?E+ F+9 '*CCC:#'=
• 9?( : 9raft ?nternational (tandard
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• F9?( : Final 9raft ?nternational (tandard
• P7F : Proof of a ne& ?nternational (tandard
• ?( : ?nternational (tandard ;e.g., ?($@?E+ #*5#5:#>'CC3=
• +9 md @ P9md ;P9M= : +ommittee 9raft mendment @ Proposed 9raftmendment ;e.g., ?($@?E+ #*5#5:#>'CC3@+9 md 2=
• FP9md @ 9M ;9md= : Final Proposed 9raft mendment @ 9raft mendment;e.g., ?($@?E+ #//<2:#/>'CC*@FP9md #=
• F9M ;F9md= : Final 9raft mendment ;e.g., ?($@?E+ #*5#5:#>'CC3@F9md/=
• md : mendment ;e.g., ?($@?E+ #*5#5:#>'CC3@md #>'CC3=
Other abbreviations>
• 7 : echnical 7eport ;e.g., ?($@?E+ 7 #*5#5:0>'CC0=• ( : echnical (peciAcation
• ?W : ?nternational Workshop greement
• +or : echnical +orrigendum ;e.g., ?($@?E+ #*5#5:#>'CC3@+or #>'CC5=
3 proposa$ of work (ew .roposa$) is approved at Subcommittee and then at the Technica$Committee $eve$ (SC+% and 7TC" respective$y 9 in the case of -.E/) 8hen the scope of new
work is sufficient$y c$arified, -.E/ usua$$y makes open re=uests for proposa$s 9 known as GCa$$
for proposa$sG The first document that is produced for audio and video coding standards is ca$$ed
a ?erification -ode$ (?-) In the case of -.E/9" and -.E/9+ this was ca$$ed Simu$ation andTest -ode$, respective$y 8hen a sufficient confidence in the stabi$ity of the standard under
deve$opment is reached, a 8orking Hraft (8H) is produced This is in the form of a standard but
is kept interna$ to -.E/ for revision 8hen a 8H is sufficient$y so$id, becomes CommitteeHraft (CH) (usua$$y at the p$anned time) It is then sent to ationa$ odies () for ba$$ot The
CH becomes Fina$ Committee Hraft (FCH) if the number of positive votes is above the =uorum
3fter a review and comments issued by s, FCH is again submitted to s for the second ba$$ot If the FCH is approved, it becomes Fina$ Hraft Internationa$ Standard (FHIS) ISO then
ho$ds a ba$$ot with ationa$ odies, where no technica$ changes are a$$owed (yes6no ba$$ot) If
approved, the document becomes Internationa$ Standard (IS)!0#
ISO6IEC Hirectives a$$ow a$so the so9ca$$ed GFast9track procedureG In this procedure a documentis submitted direct$y for approva$ as a draft Internationa$ Standard (HIS) to the ISO member
bodies or as a fina$ draft Internationa$ Standard (FHIS) if the document was deve$oped by an
internationa$ standardi<ing body recogni<ed by the ISO Counci$!24#
[ edit ] See also
• -ideo +oding E6perts Group ;-+EG=• oint Photographic E6perts Group ;PEG=
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• oint i:le%el ?mage E6perts Group ;?G=
• Multimedia and Dypermedia information coding E6pert Group ;MDEG=
• udio codec
•
-ideo codec• -ideo 8uality
• -ideo compression
• Pro:MPEG
• MP*
• Leonardo +hiariglione
[ edit ] Notes
#. K a b c d e ohn Watkinson, +&e M!G andbook , p.#'. % Dans Geog Musmann ;P9F=, Genesis of t&e M $udio Coding
'tandard, retrie%ed 'C##:C3:'2
*. K a b c ")out MPEG". chiariglione.org. 7etrie%ed 'CC<:#':#*.
/. % "&'( Meetings". chiariglione.org. 7etrie%ed 'CC<:#':#*.
0. % chiariglione.org ;'CC<:C<:C2=. "7iding the Media its, he Faultline".7etrie%ed 'C#C:C':C<.
2. K a b c ?($, ?E+ ;'CC<:##:C0=. "?($@?E+ + #@(+ '<, (+ '<@WG ##
(tructure ;?($@?E+ + #@(+ '<@WG ## : +oding of Mo%ing Pictures andudio=". 7etrie%ed 'CC<:##:C3.
3. % MPEG +ommittee. "MPEG : Mo%ing Picture E6perts Group". 7etrie%ed'CC<:##:C3.
5. % ?($. "MPEG (tandards : +oded representation of %ideo and audio".7etrie%ed 'CC<:##:C3.
<. % ?($. "+ #@(+ '< : +oding of audio, picture, multimedia andhypermedia information". 7etrie%ed 'CC<:##:##.
#C. K a b ohn Watkinson, +&e M!G andbook , p.'
##. % ohn Watkinson, +&e M!G andbook , p.*
#'. % "?H: and ?($@?E+ to produce ne6t generation %ideo codingstandard". 'CC':C':C5. 7etrie%ed 'C#C:C*:C5.
#*. % ?H:. "oint -ideo eam". 7etrie%ed 'C#C:C*:C3.
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#/. % ?H: ;'C#C:C#=. "Final Ioint call for proposals for ne6t:generation%ideo coding standardi1ation". 7etrie%ed 'C#C:C*:C3.
#0. % ?H:. "oint +olla)orati%e eam on -ideo +oding : +:-+". 7etrie%ed'C#C:C*:C3.
#2. % .nderstanding M!G-, p.35#3. % +li Wootton. $ ractical Guide to 0ideo and $udio Compression.
p. 220.
#5. K a b c d +&e M!G andbook , p./
#<. % (alomon, 9a%id ;'CC3=. "-ideo +ompression". ata compression2 t&ecomplete reference ;/ ed.=. (pringer. p. 232. ?(4 <35:#:5/2'5:2C':0.
'C. K a b +&e M!G andbook , pp./:0
'#. % .nderstanding M!G-, p.5*
''. % "MPEG: White Paper". 'CC0:C3. 7etrie%ed 'C#C:C/:##.
'*. % "MPEG: GF &hite paper". 'CC0:C3. 7etrie%ed 'C#C:C/:##.
'/. % ?($. "?($@?E+ #//<2:'#>'CC2 : ?nformation technology :: +oding ofaudio:%isual o)Iects :: Part '#> MPEG: Graphics Frame&ork etensions;GF=". ?($. 7etrie%ed 'CC<:#C:*C.
'0. % $cial MPEG We) (ite
'2. K a b MPEG. ")out MPEG : chie%ements". chiariglione.org. 7etrie%ed'CC<:#C:*#.
'3. K a b c MPEG. "erms of 7eference". chiariglione.org. 7etrie%ed 'CC<:#C:*#.
'5. K a b MPEG. "MPEG standards : Full list of standards de%eloped or underde%elopment". chiariglione.org. 7etrie%ed 'CC<:#C:*#.
'<. % MPEG. "MPEG technologies". chiariglione.org. 7etrie%ed 'CC<:#C:*#.
*C. % ?($. "?($@?E+ 7 '*CCC:#>'CC3 : ?nformation technology ::Multimedia application format ;MPEG:= :: Part #> Purpose for multimediaapplication formats". 7etrie%ed 'CC<:#C:*#.
*#. % ?($. "?($@?E+ '*CC#:#>'CC2 : ?nformation technology :: MPEGsystems technologies :: Part #> inary MPEG format for ML". 7etrie%ed 'CC<:#C:*#.
*'. % ?($. "?($@?E+ '*CC':#>'CC2 : ?nformation technology :: MPEG %ideotechnologies :: Part #> ccuracy re8uirements for implementation of integer:output 565 in%erse discrete cosine transform". 7etrie%ed 'CC<:#C:*#.
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**. % ?($. "?($@?E+ '*CC*:#>'CC3 : ?nformation technology :: MPEG audiotechnologies :: Part #> MPEG (urround". 7etrie%ed 'CC<:#C:*#.
*/. % ?($. "?($@?E+ '*CC/:#>'CC3 : ?nformation technology :: MultimediaMiddle&are :: Part #> rchitecture". 7etrie%ed 'CC<:#C:*#.
*0. % ?($. "?($@?E+ '<##2:#>'CC5 : ?nformation technology :: (upplementalmedia technologies :: Part #> Media streaming application format protocols".7etrie%ed 'CC<:##:C3.
*2. % ?($@?E+ + #@(+ '< ;'CC<:#C:*C=. "MPEG:- ;Media conte6t andcontrol=". 7etrie%ed 'CC<:##:C#.
*3. % MPEG. "Working documents : MPEG:- ;?nformation E6change &ith-irtual Worlds=". chiariglione.org. 7etrie%ed 'CC<:##:C#.
*5. K a b ?($. "?($@?E+ F9?( '*CC0:# : ?nformation technology :: Mediaconte6t and control :: Part #> rchitecture". 7etrie%ed 'C##:C#:'5.
*<. % +hristian immerer, ean Gelissen, Markus Waltl, and DermannDell&agner ;P9F=, 3nterfacing wit& 0irtual 4orlds, retrie%ed 'CC<:#':'<
/C. % ?($@?E+ + #@(+ '< ;'CC<:#C:*C=. "MPEG:M ;MPEG e6tensi)lemiddle&are ;MM==". 7etrie%ed 'CC<:##:C#.
/#. % MPEG. "MPEG E6tensi)le Middle&are ;MM=". 7etrie%ed 'CC<:##:C/.
/'. % ?($@?E+ + #@(+ '<@WG ## ;'CC5:#C=. "MPEG etensi)le Middle&are-ision". ?($. 7etrie%ed 'CC<:##:C0.
/*. K a b ?($. "?($@?E+ F+9 '*CC2:# : ?nformation technology :: MPEGe6tensi)le middle&are ;MM= :: Part #> MM architecture and technologies".
7etrie%ed 'CC<:#C:*#.
//. % ?($. "?($@?E+ '*CC2:/ : ?nformation technology :: MPEG e6tensi)lemiddle&are ;MM= :: Part /> MPEG e6tensi)le middle&are ;MM= protocols".7etrie%ed 'C##:C#:'5.
/0. K a b ?($. "?($@?E+ '*CC3:# : ?nformation technology :: 7ich media userinterfaces :: Part #> Widgets". 7etrie%ed 'C##:C#:'5.
/2. % ?($@?E+ + #@(+ '< ;'CC<:#C:*C=. "MPEG:H ;7ich media userinterfaces=". 7etrie%ed 'CC<:##:C#.
/3. % ?($@?E+ + #@(+ '< ;'CC<:##:C0=. "Programme of Work ;llocated to(+ '<@WG ##=". 7etrie%ed 'CC<:##:C3.
/5. % ?($. "+ #@(+ '< : +oding of audio, picture, multimedia andhypermedia information". 7etrie%ed 'CC<:##:C3.
/<. % ?($. "?nternational harmoni1ed stage codes". 7etrie%ed 'CC<:#':*#.
0C. K a b ?($. "(tages of the de%elopment of ?nternational (tandards".7etrie%ed 'CC<:#':*#.
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0#. % "he ?($'3k F : ?($@?E+ acronyms and committees". ?sec Ltd..7etrie%ed 'CC<:#':*#.
0'. % ?($ ;'CC3=. "?($@?E+ 9irecti%es (upplement Procedures speciAc to?($" ;P9F=. 7etrie%ed 'CC<:#':*#.
0*. % ?($ ;'CC3=. "List of a))re%iations used throughout ?($ $nline".7etrie%ed 'CC<:#':*#.
[ edit ] External links
• $cial MPEG &e) site• MPEG.$7G
• MPEG ?ndustry Forum ;MPEG?F=
• MPEG ooks
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