Movement of Sub-Adult Striped Bass ( Morone saxatilis ) within an Estuarine Ecosystem
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Movement of Sub-Adult Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis) within an Estuarine Ecosystem Paul Clerkin*, Thomas Grothues†, and Kenneth Able† *Undergraduate Marine Biology, Sacramento City College 3845 Freeport Blvd. Sacramento, CA 95822-1386 † Rutgers University Marine Field Station, Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, 132 c/o 800 Great Bay Blvd. Tuckerton, NJ 08087 Is there a spatial separation in adult and sub- adult striped bass populations ? ABSTRACT We compared the movements of sub-adult striped bass, Morone saxatilis with those of adults in the Mullica River- Great Bay estuary in southern New Jersey. We used ultrasonic telemetry, both mobile and fixed listening stations to track fish tagged with acoustic transmitters. The movement of sub-adult bass were not similar to that of adults. Sub-adults occupied different areas of the Mullica River-Great Bay estuary from adults. Movement was sporadic but limited. Occupied areas were similar in both temperature and salinity, differing only in location, suggesting that segregation is based on factors not addressed in this study INTRODUCTION The striped bass is keystone species in the Mullica River-Great Bay estuary (Fig. 1). Although they are not commercially harvested in New Jersey, the mid-Atlantic striped bass commercial catch has shown vulnerability to the mismanagement of spawning and nursery habitats. Recreational fishing for striped bass impacts local economies through the sale of fishing tackle and equipment, boat rentals, and motel and restaurant revenues. As an important striped bass spawning and nursery habit, the coastal rivers of New Jersey make a significant contribution to the mid-Atlantic striped bass stock. A considerable research interest in this species has focused on describing the movements of adult striped bass within an estuarine study area (Tupper & Able 2000) . Consequently, there is a large amount of data available for comparative analysis. Young striped bass are frequently observed in shallow, close-to-shore locations (Ng, 2006). To examine the possibility and cause of age- segregated movements, we used a system of stationary wireless hydrophones located strategically throughout the Mullica River- Great Bay estuary as well as mobile hydrophones to track the movements of acoustically tagged fish (Grothues et al. 2005) (Fig. 2). Fig. 1 Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis) Fig. 2 Stationary and mobile hydrophones METHODS Tagging: We caught six sub-adult striped bass by hook and line. Each fish was placed in a tank containing the anesthetic aminobenzoic acid ethyl ether. We surgically implanted an ultrasonic transmitter (Fig. 3) into the peritoneal cavity of each fish and closed the incision with three sutures (Fig. 4). An injection of oxytetracycline (Liquamycin) was administered into the dorsal musculature to guard against latent infection. The fish were marked with external tags to alert anglers of their status and then released (Fig. 5). Tracking: We tracked the fine scale movements of tagged fish from a boat using a portable hydrophone at pre- set points. For this, we employed a baffled hydrophone coupled with an SRX-400 receiver/processor (Fig. 6). Contacts were recorded and used to map the locations of individuals. This data was compared to previously collected data for adult striped bass. Our mobile data complements that collected from an array of fixed hydrophones used for examining coarse-scale movements in serial fashion ( Fig. 7). Fig. 3 Acoustic transmitter, measuring 11X5mm Fig. 4 Implanting a transmitter into an anesthetized fish. A) making a incision using a sterilized surgical scalpel. B) suturing closed incision after implantation Fig. 5 Release of acoustically tagged sub-adult striped bass. Acknowledgments. I want to thank Clare Ng, Jay Turnure and Paige Roberts for generously sharing their expertise on fish tracking, fellow novice trackers Gregory Henkes and Margaret Malone for always lending a helping hand when needed, and many others at the Rutgers Marine Field Station for all the kind assistance they have given this project. Fig. 7 Stationary telemetric infrastructure in the Mullica River-Great Bay estuary. Fig. 8 Time vs. hydrophone vs. number of contacts RESULTS There was minimal movement of the tagged sub-adult striped bass. After release, sub-adults were most frequently detected in an upstream location of the estuary. Tagged adult striped bass also moved very little after release, residing primarily an open water bay portion of the estuary. Figures 8 and 9 shows this age segregation of the adult and sub-adult populations. This spatial separation of the two populations shows no clear preference for either water temperature or salinity (Fig. 10). Water temperature data indicate no age related preference. Salinity data exhibit adult and sub-adult clusters, but with no discernible pattern. There seemed to be no similarity in adult and sub-adults striped bass’s movements. The sub-adults were found farther up stream while the adults were more often found out in the bay (Fig. 11) DISCUSSION The spatial separation by age with this species seems unrelated to water temperature or salinity. Of examined environmental factors, geography (i.e., river vs. bay) appears to be the most important factor related to age segregation. This suggests a behavioral, rather than physiological explanation of the age separation, in which older, larger fish exclude, smaller, younger fish from prime feeding habitats. Such competitive exclusion based on dominance of prime territory by adults would effectively separate the species into two habitat utilization patterns based on age. Given that the diet of younger bass differs from that of adults and that only after two years are striped bass considered fully piscivoroius, spatial separations could have diet related variable as well. Further investigation is warranted. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Date H ydrophone Big Fish 59 Big Fish 127 Sm all Fish 132 Sm all Fish 141 Sm all Fish 143 Sm all Fish 148 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 0 10 20 30 40 Surface Salinity Surface Tem perature B ig Fish 59 B ig Fish 61 B ig Fish 102 Sm all Fish 132 Sm all Fish 134 Sm all Fish 141 Sm all Fish 143 Sm all Fish 148 B ig Fish 175 Fig. 9 Time vs. hydrophone graph showing which stationary hydrophone the fish were at over time Fig. 10 Temperature vs. salinity graph, showing the environment in which the fish were found Fig. 11 Locations where large fish (blue dots) and small fish (red dots) were detected by portable hydrophones. locations of the points routinely checked by portable hydrophone (inset). Fig. 6 A portable hydrophone (A ) coupled with an SRX-400 receiver/processor (B) was used from a boat to track the fine scale movements of sub-adult striped bass. A B A B Grothues, T.M., K.W. Able, J. McDonnell and M.M. Sisak. “An Estuarine Observatory for Real-Time Telemetry of Migrant Macrofauna: Design, Performance and Constraints”. Limnology and Oceanography Methods 3: 275-289, 2005 Ng, C.L.H. “Habitat Utilization and Movement Patterns of Adult Striped Bass, Morone Saxatilis, in a Aouthern New Jerest Estuary Using Acoustic Telemetry”. A Masters thesis. Tupper, M., and K.W. Able “Movement and Food Habits of Striped Bass”. Marines Biology, 137, 1049-1057, 2000 REFFERENCES
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Is there a spatial separation in adult and sub-adult striped bass populations ?. Paul Clerkin*, Thomas Grothues†, and Kenneth Able †. *Undergraduate Marine Biology, Sacramento City College 3845 Freeport Blvd. Sacramento, CA 95822-1386 - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of Movement of Sub-Adult Striped Bass ( Morone saxatilis ) within an Estuarine Ecosystem
Movement of Sub-Adult Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis) within an Estuarine Ecosystem
Paul Clerkin*, Thomas Grothues†, and Kenneth Able†*Undergraduate Marine Biology, Sacramento City College
3845 Freeport Blvd. Sacramento, CA 95822-1386 † Rutgers University Marine Field Station, Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, 132 c/o 800 Great Bay Blvd. Tuckerton, NJ 08087
Is there a spatial separation in adult and sub-adult striped bass populations ?
ABSTRACTWe compared the movements of sub-adult striped bass, Morone saxatilis with those of adults in the Mullica River-Great Bay estuary in southern New Jersey. We used ultrasonic telemetry, both mobile and fixed listening stations to track fish tagged with acoustic transmitters. The movement of sub-adult bass were not similar to that of adults. Sub-adults occupied different areas of the Mullica River-Great Bay estuary from adults. Movement was sporadic but limited. Occupied areas were similar in both temperature and salinity, differing only in location, suggesting that segregation is based on factors not addressed in this study
INTRODUCTION The striped bass is keystone species in the Mullica River-Great Bay estuary (Fig. 1). Although they are not commercially harvested in New Jersey, the mid-Atlantic striped bass commercial catch has shown vulnerability to the mismanagement of spawning and nursery habitats. Recreational fishing for striped bass impacts local economies through the sale of fishing tackle and equipment, boat rentals, and motel and restaurant revenues. As an important striped bass spawning and nursery habit, the coastal rivers of New Jersey make a significant contribution to the mid-Atlantic striped bass stock. A considerable research interest in this species has focused on describing the movements of adult striped bass within an estuarine study area (Tupper & Able 2000) . Consequently, there is a large amount of data available for comparative analysis. Young striped bass are frequently observed in shallow, close-to-shore locations (Ng, 2006). To examine the possibility and cause of age-segregated movements, we used a system of stationary wireless hydrophones located strategically throughout the Mullica River-Great Bay estuary as well as mobile hydrophones to track the movements of acoustically tagged fish (Grothues et al. 2005) (Fig. 2).
Fig. 1 Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis)
Fig. 2 Stationary and mobile hydrophones
METHODSTagging: We caught six sub-adult striped bass by hook and line. Each fish was placed in a tank containing the anesthetic aminobenzoic acid ethyl ether. We surgically implanted an ultrasonic transmitter (Fig. 3) into the peritoneal cavity of each fish and closed the incision with three sutures (Fig. 4). An injection of oxytetracycline (Liquamycin) was administered into the dorsal musculature to guard against latent infection. The fish were marked with external tags to alert anglers of their status and then released (Fig. 5).
Tracking: We tracked the fine scale movements of tagged fish from a boat using a portable hydrophone at pre-set points. For this, we employed a baffled hydrophone coupled with an SRX-400 receiver/processor (Fig. 6). Contacts were recorded and used to map the locations of individuals. This data was compared to previously collected data for adult striped bass. Our mobile data complements that collected from an array of fixed hydrophones used for examining coarse-scale movements in serial fashion ( Fig. 7).
Fig. 3 Acoustic transmitter, measuring 11X5mm
Fig. 4 Implanting a transmitter into an anesthetized fish. A) making a incision using a sterilized surgical scalpel. B) suturing closed incision after implantation
Fig. 5 Release of acoustically tagged sub-adult striped bass.
Acknowledgments. I want to thank Clare Ng, Jay Turnure and Paige Roberts for generously sharing their expertise on fish tracking, fellow novice trackers Gregory Henkes and Margaret Malone for always lending a helping hand when needed, and many others at the Rutgers Marine Field Station for all the kind assistance they have given this project.
Fig. 7 Stationary telemetric infrastructure in the Mullica River-Great Bay estuary.
Fig. 8 Time vs. hydrophone vs. number of contacts
RESULTS There was minimal movement of the tagged sub-adult striped bass. After release, sub-adults were most frequently detected in an upstream location of the estuary. Tagged adult striped bass also moved very little after release, residing primarily an open water bay portion of the estuary. Figures 8 and 9 shows this age segregation of the adult and sub-adult populations. This spatial separation of the two populations shows no clear preference for either water temperature or salinity (Fig. 10). Water temperature data indicate no age related preference. Salinity data exhibit adult and sub-adult clusters, but with no discernible pattern.There seemed to be no similarity in adult and sub-adults striped bass’s movements. The sub-adults were found farther up stream while the adults were more often found out in the bay (Fig. 11)
DISCUSSION The spatial separation by age with this species seems unrelated to water temperature or salinity. Of examined environmental factors, geography (i.e., river vs. bay) appears to be the most important factor related to age segregation. This suggests a behavioral, rather than physiological explanation of the age separation, in which older, larger fish exclude, smaller, younger fish from prime feeding habitats. Such competitive exclusion based on dominance of prime territory by adults would effectively separate the species into two habitat utilization patterns based on age. Given that the diet of younger bass differs from that of adults and that only after two years are striped bass considered fully piscivoroius, spatial separations could have diet related variable as well. Further investigation is warranted.
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Big Fish 127
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Small Fish 141
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Fig. 9 Time vs. hydrophone graph showing which stationary hydrophone the fish were at over time
Fig. 10 Temperature vs. salinity graph, showing the environment in which the fish were found
Fig. 11 Locations where large fish (blue dots) and small fish (red dots) were detected by portable hydrophones. locations of the points routinely checked by portable hydrophone (inset).
Fig. 6 A portable hydrophone (A ) coupled with an SRX-400 receiver/processor (B) was used from a boat to track the fine scale movements of sub-adult striped bass.
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Grothues, T.M., K.W. Able, J. McDonnell and M.M. Sisak. “An Estuarine Observatory for Real-Time Telemetry of Migrant Macrofauna: Design, Performance and
Constraints”. Limnology and Oceanography Methods 3: 275-289, 2005
Ng, C.L.H. “Habitat Utilization and Movement Patterns of Adult Striped Bass, Morone Saxatilis, in a Aouthern New Jerest Estuary Using Acoustic Telemetry”. A Masters
thesis.
Tupper, M., and K.W. Able “Movement and Food Habits of Striped Bass”. Marines Biology, 137, 1049-1057, 2000
REFFERENCES
