Motor Ability

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The Terms Ability and Motor Ability

Ability A general trait or capacity of a person Rela:vely enduring characteris:c Serves as a determinant of a persons achievement poten:al for the performance of specic skills

Motor Ability An ability that is specically related to the performance of a motor skill

Each person has a variety of motor abili:es

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Abili:es as Individual Dierence Variables

Motor abili:es establish achievement poten:als for specic motor skills

Each motor skill requires specic motor abili:es to successfully perform it

If 2 people have the same Amount of prac2ce Level and amount of instruc2on Mo2va2on to perform the skill

Then - Motor abili:es will inuence the level of performance success each person can/will achieve

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Abili:es as Individual Dierence Variables, contd

Two hypotheses: General Motor Ability Hypothesis: many dierent motor abili:es that exist are highly related within a person and can be grouped as a singular, global motor ability (Brace, 1927; McCloy, 1934)

Specicity of Motor Ability Hypothesis: many motor abili:es are rela:vely independent in an individual (Henry, 1961)

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Controversy About Rela:onship Among Motor Abili:es

General Motor Ability Hypothesis

All motor abili:es are highly related to each other

A person can be described as having an overall amount of general motor ability

Specicity of Motor Abili9es Hypothesis

All motor abili:es are rela:vely independent

Each person varies in the amount of each ability

A persons motor ability can be described only by a prole of amounts of each of several specic motor abili:es

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Inclass Discussion

The babe: Can a general motor ability be dened and measured?

With another member of the class summarize what are the important points of this case!

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Ques:ons

What is the general motor ability assump:on?

What is the specicity of individual dierence view?

What does the all around athlete term mean?

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Discussion Topic

In a recent movie staring Brad Pi` called Moneyball, the movie highlights the eort about Billie Beam and how he was able to run Oakland As on limited budget win the divisional championship.

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Applica:on: Major league baseball scouts

Prior to 2000 many players were draged on: how fast they can run the 50 yard dash velocity in throwing Hiing Draging players out of HS was common place

Since 2000 many players are draged based on: On base percentage Ability to hit with players on base Slugging % Number of run scored Hiing deep in the count versus rst ball hi`ers If they played college ball Number hits not homeruns

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Billy Ball

Is Billy Ball a general motor ability or specicity approach?

What aect has Billy Ball approach had on major league baseball?

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Pick a sport of your choice. How would you determine what athletes would be starter or nonstarters using the general motor ability & specicity of individual dierence views? In your opinion which method would be the best! Why?

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Research Evidence Supports Specicity Hypothesis

Research technique to test the ques:on of which hypothesis valid:

Correlate any two motor abili:es Each hypothesis predicts dierent correla:on result What are these dierent results?

Ini:al research compared RT and MT Henry and colleagues (1960s) showed low correla:ons

See example in A Closer Look p. 40

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Generality of Specic Abili:es

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Sta:c vs. Dynamic Balance

Conclusions - Sta:c and dynamic balance are dis:nct, independent abili:es. As a motor ability, balance must be viewed as a mul9-dimensional ability.

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2. Timing as a Motor Ability

External vs. Internal Timing External - Movement :ming based on external source (externally-paced :ming)

Internal - Timing of movement based on persons internal representa:on of :me (self-paced :ming)

Conclusion: Research evidence indicates dis:nct :ming abili:es are skill specic rather than related to a general :ming ability See experiments described in textbook

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Iden:fying Motor Abili:es

One example of an a`empt to iden:fy motor abili:es

Fleishmans Taxonomy of Motor Abili:es Described 11 perceptual-motor abili:es See Table 3.2 for complete list and deni9ons People dier in amount of each ability

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Summary

Ability

General motor ability versus specicity approach

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