What is Motivation?Motivation is the internal drive to accomplish a particular goal. In a work setting, motivation is what makes people want to work.

Ten Morale-Building FactorsInteresting WorkFull appreciation of work doneInvolvementGood payJob securityPromotion and growthGood working conditionsLoyalty to employeesHelp with personal problemsTactful discipline

Other Morale-Building FactorsPERKSAutonomyStatusResponsibilityFlexible SchedulingBenefitsOthers?

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Physiological

Safety and Security

Social or Belongingness

Esteem / Ego

Self-Actualization

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Physiological

Factors in the Workplace Meeting Physiological NeedsPhysical ComfortTemperatureWorking ConditionsInside/OutsideLunch and Rest BreaksBathroom FacilitiesErgonomics

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Physiological

Safety and Security

Factors in the Workplace Meeting Safety and Security Needs

SafetyJob SecuritySeniorityBenefitsMONEYRetirement Plans

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Physiological

Safety and Security

Social or Belongingness

Factors in the Workplace Meeting Social or Belongingness NeedsRelationships with co-workersRelationships with SupervisorsTeamsFunSocial Events

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Physiological

Safety and Security

Social or Belongingness

Esteem / Ego

Factors in the Workplace Meeting Esteem/Ego NeedsOpportunities for Growth &

AdvancementPromotionsJob TitlesRecognitionPERKSTraining & DevelopmentPositive Feedback on Performance

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Physiological

Safety and Security

Social or Belongingness

Esteem / Ego

Self-Actualization

Factors in the Workplace Meeting Self-Actualization Needs

Meaningful WorkSense of SatisfactionAccomplishmentSelf-ImprovementImproving Others and/or Society

“Be all that you can be.”

Job SecurityCompany Policy

Hersberg’s Model of MotivationTwo-Factor Theory:Hygiene vs. Motivational Factors

Compare to Maslow

Working ConditionsSalary

Interpersonal Relations

RecognitionAdvancementResponsibility

AchievementGrowth PotentialThe Work Itself

Self-Actualizatio

n &Esteem Needs

Social NeedsSafety NeedsPhysiological

Motivational Factors

Hygiene or Maintenance Factors

Which factors outweigh others in maintaining productive attitudes on the Job?Quality of Work Life? Basics?Opportunities for

AdvancementAutonomy (self-

management)Company CultureSpouse’s Job

OpportunitiesSchoolsLocal Community

SalaryVacationBonusesRetirement PlansHealth InsuranceSick Leave

Other Motivational TheoristsMcClelland VroomMcClelland’s Acquired

Needs TheoryNeed for achievementNeed for affiliationNeed for power

Vroom’s Expectancy TheoryViews motivation as a

process of choicesBehaviors stem from

expecting certain results

Contemporary Motivational StrategiesMotivation through job design

Job rotationJob enlargementJob enrichment

Motivation through incentivesTraining and educationMotivation through empowermentTeambuilding

Positive Reinforcement & Recognition:Job-Related Confirming BehaviorsPraisePositive Written CommunicationOrientation and TrainingActive Listening Courtesy

Barriers to Positive ReinforcementPreoccupation with self

NarcissismMisconceptions about positive

reinforcementThe “too busy” syndromeNot identifying commendable actionsNot knowing what to say or doLack of appropriate role models

Self-Motivation StrategiesTake control of your expectationsFight the urge to underachieveLearn to love the job you hateBuild immunity to cynicismStrive for balance