MOTIVATION. MOTIVATION IS: 4 Motivation is the set of forces that lead people to behave in...
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Transcript of MOTIVATION. MOTIVATION IS: 4 Motivation is the set of forces that lead people to behave in...
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MOTIVATION
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MOTIVATION IS:
Motivation is the set of forces that lead people to behave in particular ways.
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THE FORCES ARE:
THE ENERGY THAT DRIVES PEOPLE INTOACTION
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MOTIVATIONAL FRAMEWORK
Experiencedneed
deficiencies
Experiencedneed
deficiencies
Search for ways to
satisfy needs
Search for ways to
satisfy needs
Enactment of behavioral
choice(performance)
Enactment of behavioral
choice(performance)
Choice of goal-directed
behaviors
Choice of goal-directed
behaviors
Reassessmentof need
deficiencies
Reassessmentof need
deficiencies
Experienced rewards orpunishment
Experienced rewards orpunishment
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Need-Based Theories of Motivation The need-based theories of
motivation reflect a content perspective in that they attempt to describe what factor or factors motivate behavior. They try to list specific things that motivate behavior.
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Early Views of Motivation
Power To the extent that individuals want power, this
need provides motivation and could, therefore, be considered one of the first approaches to understanding motivated behavior.
Hedonism– The idea that people seek pleasure and comfort
and try to avoid pain and discomfort.
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Scientific Management Approach
Scientific Management– Associated with the work of Frederick Taylor.– Assumed that employees are motivated by
MONEY.– Introduced the idea of “PIECE RATE pay.”
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Human Relations Approach
Human Relations Approach– Arose from the Hawthorne studies.
– Suggested that people are motivated by things other than money; in particular, employees are motivated by and respond to their social environment at work.
– .
– Favorable attitudes, such as job satisfaction, were presumed to result in employee improved performance.
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Need Theories of Motivation
The basic premise of need theories, consistent with the motivation framework introduced earlier, is that humans are motivated primarily by deficiencies in one or more important needs or need categories.
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The Hierarchy of Needs
Self-
actualization
Esteem
Affiliation
Physiological
Security
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ERG Theory
ERG Theory– Represents an extension and refinement of the
need hierarchy theory.– The ERG theory describes Existence,
Relatedness, and Growth needs.– The ERG theory suggests that if people become
Frustrated trying to satisfy one set of needs, they will Regress back to the previously satisfied set of needs.
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The Dual-Structure Theory
The Traditional ViewSatisfaction Dissatisfaction
Herzberg’s ViewMotivation Factors
Satisfaction No Satisfaction
Hygiene FactorsDissatisfaction No Dissatisfaction
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The Dual-Structure Theory
Motivation Factors Hygiene Factors- Achievement
- Recognition
- The Work Itself
- Responsibility
- Advancement
- Supervision
- Working Conditions
- Pay and Job Security
- Company Policies
- Relationships
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Need for Achievement
Most frequently associated with the work of David McClelland.
The need for Achievement is the desire to accomplish a task or goal more effectively than in the past.
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Characteristics of HIGH Need Achievers
Tend to Set Moderately Difficult Goals and Make Moderately Risky Decisions
Want Immediate, Specific Feedback on Their Performance
Have a preoccupation With Work
Assume Personal Responsibility for Getting Things Done
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The Need for Affiliation
Need for human Companionship. Individuals with a high need for affiliation
tend to want reassurance and approval from others and usually are genuinely concerned about others’ feelings.
People with a high need for affiliation often work in jobs with a lot of interpersonal contact.
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The Need for Power
The desire to control the resources in one’s environment.
People with a high need for power can be successful managers if three conditions are met:– They must seek power for the betterment of the
organization rather than for their own interests.
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Three Conditions (continued)
– They must have a fairly low need for affiliation (fulfilling a personal need for power may well alienate others in the workplace).
– They need plenty of self-control to curb their desire for power when it threatens to interfere with effective organizational or interpersonal relationships.
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Summary
Need Theories focus on the DRIVERS of behavior
Need Structures and Hierarchies
To What Extent are they Culture Bound???