Motivation and Organisations

-B.V.Raghunandan, SVS College, Bantwal

Alva’s College’

Moodbidre

August 19,2010

What it is…….

• The forces that instigate or incite a person or a group of persons to carry out an act or to indulge in an endeavor

• The process whereby the people in an institution are driven to achieve the objectives of the organisation

Complexities arise due to…..

• Complexities of human mind

• Loose system of administration

• Inadequate monitoring

• Inept handling of issues

• Favouritism

• Incompetent leadership

• Lack of vision for the organisation

Importance of Motivation Study

• Excellence in performance

• Quality in work place• Higher productivity• Understanding people• New frontiers in

technology• Development of skills

Theories of Motivation• Classical Theories

• Modern Theories

Classical Theories

• F.W.Taylor’s Scientific Management

• Elton Mayo’s

Human Relations

Model

Modern Theories

• Maslow’s ‘need hierarchy’ theory

• Herzberg’s ‘Two Factor’ Theory

• McClelland's ‘Achievement’ Theory

• Alderfer’s ‘ERG’ Theory

• Murray’s ‘manifest needs’ Theory

Abraham Maslow• Born in 1908 in New

York and died in 1970• Did Ph.D in psychology

in 1934 in Wisconsin University

• Based on that, studied the behaviour of rhesus monkeys

• Published, ‘Motivation and Personality’ in 1954-Hierarchy of Needs

Maslow’s Need Hierarchy

• Physiological needs

• Safety

• Social Needs

• Esteem

• Self-actualisation

Frederick Irving Herzberg• 1923-2000• American

Psychologist• Published in 1968,

‘One More Time, How Do You Motivate Employees?’

-studied in City College of New York

-worked in University of Utah

Herzberg’s TWO Factors

Motivators/Satisfaction

• Achievement

• Recognition

• Work itself

• Responsibility

• Promotion

• Growth

Hygiene/Dissatisfaction

• Pay & Benefits• Co. Policy & Admn• Relationship with co-

workers• Supervision• Status• Job Security• Working conditions• Personal life

McClelland's ‘Achievements’ Theory

• Doing the impossible

• Task likely to receive the appreciation of many

• Money, power, and recognition

• Self-esteem and self-actualisation

• The objective may be only a zero beyond the acievement

Clay Alderfer

• Grew up in Bethleham, Pennsylvania

• Senior faculty at Yale University

• Research in human needs in organisation

• Inter-group relations theory

Alderfer’s ERG Theory

• Existence

• Relatedness

• Growth

Strategies for Motivation

• Theories are silent

• Religions like Zoarashtrianism preaches treating employees as members of one’s own family

• Zen Buddhism

• Treating them as equals

• Calling for suggestions

• Offering life-time employment as Japanese do

Modern HR Practices

• Look at the employees doubtfully

• Consider them as the machines of production

• Hypocritical statements of equality

• Mainly aim at extracting the maximum work

• Regard the employees as expendable and replaceable

Basic Defects of HR Practices• Relying heavily on western practices

• Social Qualities are not developed

• Too much orientation towards machines and technology

• No attempt to develop normalcy in individuals

• Institutional loyalty is ignored

• Passion, Spiritualism and Selflessness not stressed upon

The Best Strategy

• Treat him for what he is

i.e., a human being

THANK YOU