Motivation
description
Transcript of Motivation
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Motivation
Leslie Radford
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Prentice Hall, 2001 Chapter 6 2
What Is Motivation?
Direction
PersistenceIntensity
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I was saying "I'm the greatest”
long beforeI believed it.
Intensity
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Direction
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It's not that I'm so smart, it's just that
I stay with problems longer.
Persistence
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Prentice Hall, 2001 Chapter 6 6
Direction
PersistenceIntensity
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Theories of Motivation
Needs theories• Maslow’s hierarchy
of needs• Herzberg’s two
factor theory
Process theories• Expectancy Theory• Goal Setting Theory
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Prentice Hall, 2001 Chapter 6 9
Maslow’sMaslow’sHierarchyHierarchyof Needsof Needs Self
Esteem
Social
Safety
Physiological
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Questionnaire
What’s important to you at work?
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Contrasting Views of Satisfaction and Dissatisfaction
Satisfaction Dissatisfaction
Traditional view
Satisfaction No satisfaction
Herzberg's view
No dissatisfaction Dissatisfaction
Hygiene Factors
Motivators
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Dissatisfactionand
demotivation
Not dissatisfiedbut
not motivated
Positivesatisfaction
and motivation
Hygiene Factors
•Company policies•Quality of supervision•Relations with others•Personal life•Rate of pay•Job security•Working conditions
Motivational Factors
•Achievement•Career advancement•Personal growth•Job interest•Recognition•Responsibility
Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory
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Needs TheoriesMaslow Herzberg
Hygiene
Motivators
Factors
Social
Safety
Physiological
Self-Actualisation
Esteem
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Theories of Motivation
Needs theories• Maslow’s hierarchy
of needs• Herzberg’s two
factor theory
Process theories• Expectancy Theory• Goal Setting Theory
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Prentice Hall, 2001 Chapter 6 15
Expectancy Theory(Vroom)
3. Rewards-Personal goals relationship = Valence
1. Effort-Performance relationship = Expectancy
2. Performance-Rewards relationship = Instrumentality
IndividualEffort
IndividualPerformance
PersonalGoals
OrganisationalRewards
1 2
3
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How Expectancy Theory Works
Expectancy
Effort - Performance Link
E=0
No matter how much effort you put in, probably not possible
to memorise the text in 24 hours
Instrumentality
Performance - Rewards Link
I=0
Your tutor does not looklike someone who has £1 million
Valence
Rewards - Personal Goals Link
V=1
There are a lot of wonderful things you could do with £1 million
Your tutor offers you £1 million if you memorise the textbook by tomorrow morning.
Conclusion: Though you value the reward, you will not be motivated to do this task.
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Goal Setting
GoalsSpecificDifficultAccepted
Effects on PersonDirects attention
EnergisesEncourages persistency
New strategies developed
Feedback
Performance
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Motivation Theories Summary
Needs theories• Maslow’s hierarchy
of needs• Herzberg’s two
factor theory
Process theories• Expectancy Theory• Goal Setting Theory
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Self-Motivation
• Self-fulfilment and satisfaction• Difficult goals lead to higher performance• Motivation to act depends on the
attractiveness of the outcome
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Begin with the end in mind
What are your talents?What is your ultimate career goal?What can you achieve in 2 years?
What are your personal goals?
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Prentice Hall, 2001 Chapter 6 21
Motivation
Direction
PersistenceIntensity
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