MOTIVATIONMOTIVATION

I. NATURE / MEANING OF MOTIVATIONI. NATURE / MEANING OF MOTIVATION

A. Motivation vs. Motive:A. Motivation vs. Motive:

Motivation – refers to the aspect of Motivation – refers to the aspect of behavior that deals with understanding behavior that deals with understanding why human beings behave the way they why human beings behave the way they do.do.

It is concerned with the identification and It is concerned with the identification and direction of goals.direction of goals.

Motive Motive

Latin word – movere- to move.Latin word – movere- to move.

The expected value of an outcome – the The expected value of an outcome – the motion concept is incorporated.motion concept is incorporated.

We are moved into action toward a certain We are moved into action toward a certain goal or direction.goal or direction.

B. Role of Motives in our everyday life.B. Role of Motives in our everyday life.

We are moved into action because of certain motives. We are moved into action because of certain motives. Therefore:Therefore:

1. Motives influence behavior in many ways. They help 1. Motives influence behavior in many ways. They help people to choose one stimulus over competing ones.people to choose one stimulus over competing ones.

2. Motives may also make you do things with greater 2. Motives may also make you do things with greater energy and enthusiasm because of a pressing particular energy and enthusiasm because of a pressing particular need.need.

3. Motives also help you organize your life activities so 3. Motives also help you organize your life activities so that you can attain your goals.that you can attain your goals.

II. The motivational CycleII. The motivational CycleAbraham Maslow expressed this increasing need of Abraham Maslow expressed this increasing need of human being in hierarchical order. The needs of an human being in hierarchical order. The needs of an Individual in a ladderlike sequence where one leads to Individual in a ladderlike sequence where one leads to another until the goal is attainedanother until the goal is attained

Self ActualizationSelf Actualization

Esteem needsEsteem needs

Love and BelongingnessLove and Belongingness

Safety needsSafety needs

Physiological needsPhysiological needs

Kinds of Motives or DrivesKinds of Motives or Drives2 kinds of Drives:2 kinds of Drives:Physiological and SocialPhysiological and SocialPhysiological Drives or motives – these are inborn and present Physiological Drives or motives – these are inborn and present at birth.at birth.

1. Hunger drive1. Hunger drive 9. Maternal drive 9. Maternal drive 2. Thirst2. Thirst 10. Warmth and cold 10. Warmth and cold3. Oxygen need or air hunger3. Oxygen need or air hunger4. Fatique4. Fatique5. Rest and sleep5. Rest and sleep6. Avoidance of Pain6. Avoidance of Pain7. Elimination drive7. Elimination drive8. Sex drive 8. Sex drive

Psychological and Social drivesPsychological and Social drives

1. Parent – child motives: 1. Parent – child motives:

2. Peer group relations2. Peer group relations

3. Motives related to competence and 3. Motives related to competence and self.self.

Development of MotivesDevelopment of Motives

1. Punishment and reward in development1. Punishment and reward in development

2. Secondary reinforcement and 2. Secondary reinforcement and developmentdevelopment

3. Timing of reinforcement and distant 3. Timing of reinforcement and distant goalsgoals

Ways of motivating othersWays of motivating others

1. Motivating by force.1. Motivating by force.

2. Motivating by enticement2. Motivating by enticement

3. Motivating by identification or ego-3. Motivating by identification or ego-involvement.involvement.