Motion and Forces Lesson 1: Position and Motion. Position Position describes the location of an...
Transcript of Motion and Forces Lesson 1: Position and Motion. Position Position describes the location of an...
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Motion and ForcesLesson 1: Position and Motion
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Position
Position describes the location of an object. A reference point is a location to which you compare other locations. When you describe a position by comparing it to the location of another object or place, you are using a reference point.
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LocationDescribe Waldo's position?
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Location Describe Waldo's position in reference to the sailboat.
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MotionMotion is a change in position relative to a reference point.
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Position, Motion, Reference
Imagine you are flying in
an airplane....
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Position, Motion, Reference
Describe the position of the pilot relative to where you are sitting?
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Position, Motion, Reference
Describe the position of the pilot relative to where you are sitting?
In front of me
15 rows ahead of me
In the front of the aircraft
Others.....
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Position, Motion, Reference
Is the pilot in motion relative to where you are sitting?
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Position, Motion, Reference
Is the pilot in motion relative to where you are sitting?
No, the pilot's position is not changing relative to where I am sitting (always in
the same spot).
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Position, Motion, Reference
If I throw a ball to the pilot, is the ball in motion relative to where you are sitting?
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Position, Motion, Reference
If I throw a ball to the pilot, is the ball in motion relative to where you are sitting?
Yes, the ball is moving from my position to the pilots position.
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Position, Motion, Reference
Is the pilot, the ball, or yourself in motion relative to someone on the ground?
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Position, Motion, Reference
Is the pilot, the ball, or yourself in motion relative to someone on the ground?
All three are in motion relative to someone on the ground.
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SpeedThe speed of an object is a measure of how far something moves in a given amount of time (how quickly something
changes position).
EXAMPLE:
Two cars traveling at different speeds.....
- Would travel the same distance when both go from Dunlap to Chicago, but the faster car would arrive sooner.
- Would travel different distances if they both drove for one hour.
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Average SpeedAverage speed is a way to calculate the speed of an object
that may not always be moving at a constant speed.
When traveling to Chicago, the speed limit may change, therefore the cars speed will change.....
Cars Speed
Average Speed
Time
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Distance Time Graphs
• How is average speed calculated?
– Speed can be calculated by dividing the distance an object travels by the time it takes to cover that distance
– Speed = Distance / Time• Standard unit for speed is meters per
second (m/s)
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Distance Time Graphs
• Used to plot the distance an object travels over time
• The distance of an object away from a reference point is plotted on the y axis. Time is plotted on the x-axis.
Time
Distance
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Distance Time Graphs
• Imagine two friends racing their bikes against each other. Each
start from a stop and race 100 meters down the track. Friend 1 wins the race in a time of 8 seconds while Friend 2 had a time of 11 seconds.
• Create a distance time graph for each Friend in the race (on the same plot)
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Distance Time Graphs
Starting Line Finish Line
Friend 1 Distance = 0 metersTime = 0 seconds
Distance = 100 metersTime = 8 seconds
Friend 2 Distance = 0 metersTime = 0 seconds
Distance = 100 metersTime = 11 seconds
Time (s)
Distance (m)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
100
50
0
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Distance Time Graphs
Starting Line Finish Line
Friend 1 Distance = 0 metersTime = 0 seconds
Distance = 100 metersTime = 8 seconds
Friend 2 Distance = 0 metersTime = 0 seconds
Distance = 100 metersTime = 11 seconds
Time (s)
Distance (m)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
100
50
0
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Distance Time Graphs
Time (s)
Distance (m)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
100
50
0
Friend 1
Friend 2
• Just from looking at the graph alone, who won the race? How can you tell?
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Distance Time Graphs
Time (s)
Distance (m)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
100
50
0
Friend 1
Friend 2
• Just from looking at the graph alone, who won the race? How can you tell?
– Friend 1 won the race. The line for Friend 1 is steeper (slope is bigger).
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Distance Time Graphs
• The slope, or steepness, of the line is equal to the average speed of the object
- The faster the object the steeper the line (Friend 1 steeper than Friend 2)
• Average speed can be calculated from the graph by dividing the change in distance by the change in time for that interval
• Average Speed (Slope) = change in y / change in x
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Distance Time Graphs
Time (s)
Distance (m)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
100
50
0
Friend 1
Friend 2
Friend 1
100 meters / 8 seconds = 12.5 m/s
Friend 2
100 meters / 11 seconds = 9.09 m/s
Length of yLength of x
Length of y
Length of x
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Velocity
Question: Is there a difference between velocity and speed?
Yes! Velocity is a vector.
• A vector is a quantity that has both size and direction.
• Velocity is a speed in a specific direction.Examples: 7 m/s south, 5 m/s forward, 2 m/s downward, etc.
Question: Is it possible for two objects to have the same speed but different velocity's? Why?
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Velocity
Question: Is it possible for two objects to have the same speed but different velocity's? Why?
– Could both be traveling the same speed but in opposite directions.
– Imagine two bicycles going towards each other on the sidewalk. Both could be speeding along at 7 m/s (speed) but they are traveling the opposite direction (velocity).
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Velocity
Imagine riding a elevator to the top floor of a building and back down. Assume the ride took 5 seconds in each direction and top floor of the building was 10 meters above the ground. Draw a distance time graph showing the average speed and another graph showing the average velocity. Remember, velocity includes direction!
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Velocity
Imagine riding a elevator to the top floor of a building and back down. Assume the ride took 5 seconds in each direction and top floor of the building was 10 meters above the ground. Draw a distance time graph showing the speed and another graph showing the average velocity. Remember, velocity includes direction!
0 5 10
20
10
0
Speed
Average speed: 10 meters / 5 s = 2 m/s
Total distance traveled, regardless of direction
0 5 10
20
10
0
Velocity Total distance traveled, including direction. Traveling up is positive, traveling down is negative