Slide 1 Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Chapter 2 Carbohydrates.
Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 1 Chapter 5 Vitamins.
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Transcript of Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 1 Chapter 5 Vitamins.
Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 1
Chapter 5Chapter 5Vitamins
Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 2
Key ConceptKey Concept
• Vitamins are noncaloric essential nutrients that are necessary in very small amounts for specific metabolic control and disease prevention.
• Certain heath problems are related to in adequate or excessive vitamins intake.
• vitamins regulate body metabolism
Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 3
VitaminsVitamins
• Nature of vitamins Discovery 1900 • Early observations
• Early animal experiments(Cont'd…)
Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 4
DefinitionDefinition
• It is a vital , organic , dietary substances that is not carbohydrates or fats or proteins or minerals and it is necessary in only small amounts to perform metabolic functions or to prevent the diseases.
• The body can not synthesized, therefore it must be supplied by the diet.
Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 5
Classes of vitaminsClasses of vitamins
1- Fat-soluble vitamins: A, D, E, K
2- Water-soluble vitamins: C, B
Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 6
Functions of vitaminsFunctions of vitamins
1- Metabolic control agent
2- Tissue structure
3- Prevention of deficiency diseases
Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 7
Key ConceptsKey Concepts
• Certain health problems are related to inadequate or excessive vitamin intake.
• Vitamins occur in a wide variety of foods that are packaged with the energy- and tissue-building macronutrients (e.g., carbohydrate, fat, and protein) on which vitamins work as specific catalysts to regulate body metabolism.
Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 8
Fat-Soluble VitaminsFat-Soluble VitaminsVitamin A (Retinol)Vitamin A (Retinol)
• Functions Vision Tissue strength and immunity Growth
• Requirements Food forms and units of measure Body storage
• Toxicity symptoms
Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 9
Vitamin A (Retinol)Vitamin A (Retinol)
• Deficiency disease:
BLINDNESS, itching and red lids, …
Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 10
Vitamin A (Retinol)Vitamin A (Retinol)
• Food sources:
• fish-liver oil, livers, Spanish, carrot, mango, apricots
Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 11
Vitamin A (Retinol)Vitamin A (Retinol)
• Stability:
Retinol is unstable in heat and in contact with air .
Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 12
Vitamin D (Cholecalciferol) Vitamin D (Cholecalciferol)
• Functions Absorption of calcium and phosphorus Bone mineralization
• Requirements
• Toxicity symptoms
• Stability
Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 13
Vitamin D (Cholecalciferol)Vitamin D (Cholecalciferol)
• Deficiency disease: • * rickets : malformation of skeletal tissues .
• * osteoporosis
Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 14
Vitamin D (Cholecalciferol)Vitamin D (Cholecalciferol)
• Food sources:
Yeast“الخميرة “ , fish-liver oil
Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 15
Vitamin D (Cholecalciferol)Vitamin D (Cholecalciferol)
• Stability:
Retinol is stable in heat and in contact with air .
Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 16
Vitamin E (Tocopherol)Vitamin E (Tocopherol)
• Functions Antioxidant function Relation to metabolism
• Requirements
• Toxicity symptoms
• Stability
Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 17
Vitamin E (Tocopherol)Vitamin E (Tocopherol)
• Deficiency disease:
Hemolytic anemia in children
Myelin disruption “ nerve in active”
Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 18
Vitamin E (Tocopherol)Vitamin E (Tocopherol)
• Food sources:
Oils and nuts …
Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 19
Vitamin K Vitamin K
• Functions Blood clotting Bone development
• Requirements
• Toxicity symptoms
• Food sources
• Stability
Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 20
Vitamin KVitamin K
• Deficiency disease:
Hemorrhage
Poor wound healing
Infections
Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 21
Vitamin KVitamin K
• Food sources:
Leafy vegetables
Animals liver
Corn oil
Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 22
Water-Soluble VitaminsWater-Soluble Vitamins B & C B & C
• Certain health problems are related to inadequate or excessive vitamin intake.
• Vitamins occur in a wide variety of foods that are packaged with the energy- and tissue-building macronutrients (e.g., carbohydrate, fat, and protein) on which vitamins work as specific catalysts to regulate body metabolism.
Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 23
Water-Soluble VitaminsWater-Soluble Vitamins Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
• Functions Connective tissue General body metabolism Antioxidant function Immunologic activity
• Requirements
• Deficiency disease
• Toxicity symptoms
• Food sources
• Stability
Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 24
Deficiency diseaseDeficiency disease
• Tissue bleeding.
• Easy bone fractures
• Boor wounds healing
• Bleeding gums
• Loosen teeth
Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 25
Food sourcesFood sources
• Citrus fruits like lime, orange
• Tomatoes.
• Cabbage.
• Leafy vegetables
Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 26
Vitamin CVitamin C
• Stability:
Vitamin C is unstable in heat and in contact with air .
Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 27
Vitamin BVitamin B1” thiamin”1” thiamin”
• Functions Gastrointestinal system:
Poor appetite , indigestion, constipation Nervous system
Fatigue, irritability, low energy Cardiovascular system
Low muscle functions , fluid accumulations
• Deficiency disease
• Toxicity symptoms
• Food sources
• Stability
Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 28
Deficiency diseaseDeficiency disease
• Loss of energy control: paralysis
• Mental alertness and coordination diseases
Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 29
Food sourcesFood sources
• Beef
• Livers.
• Grains
• Fish
• Eggs
Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 30
Riboflavin (Vitamin BRiboflavin (Vitamin B22) )
• Functions
Tissue building, energy production
• Deficiency disease
• Toxicity symptoms
• Food sources
• Stability
Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 31
Deficiency disease B2Deficiency disease B2
• SWOLLEN red tongue
• Eye burning
• Itching
• Poor wounds healing
Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 32
Food sources B2Food sources B2
• Milk
• Grains
• Fish
• Liver
Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 33
Folate Folate
• Functions: folic acid < hemoglobin
• Requirements: extra during pregnancy
• Deficiency disease : anemia
• Food sources: liver , leafy vegetables
Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 34
Cobalamin (Vitamin BCobalamin (Vitamin B1212))
• Functions: normal blood cell formation , nervous system functions
• Requirements: extra during old ages
• Deficiency disease: anemia , lazy, sore mouth
• Food sources: beef & chicken liver ..
• B12 synthesized by bacteria in GI system
Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 35
Note Note
• Vitamin supplementation needs are individual and specific.
Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 36
Vitamin Supplementation Vitamin Supplementation
• Supplement and health maintenance
• Individuality is important Life cycle needs• Pregnancy and lactation
• Infancy
• Children and adolescents
• Aging
(Cont'd…)
Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 37
Vitamin SupplementationVitamin Supplementation(…Cont’d)
Lifestyle• Oral contraceptive use
• Restricted diets
• Exercise programs
• Smoking
• Alcohol
• Caffeine Disease(Cont'd…)