Anne Roudaut!Abhijit Karnik!

Markus Löchtefeld!Sriram Subramanian!

roudauta@gmail.com!www.anneroudaut.fr !

Morphees!Toward High "Shape Resolution" in Self-

Actuated Flexible Mobile Devices!

“what is my function?”

“don’t know but I’d probably!place my thumb like that”

“what is my function?”

“thumb stone: place your thumb and play”

affordance::

the quality of an object to tell us how it wants!to be used and to help us using it!

Norman, Gibson!

affordance is everywhere!

“push” “pull”

“sit”

“fall in the center”

“roll that thing…”

“… here you are, just in place to press this

“pull and peel”

“share”

“… use me like a weapon?”

shape guides functionality everywhere!

or prevents!

but one object resists

our mobile devices are ”affordless”!

1000 apps for only one “universal” shape!

1000 apps for only one “universal” shape!but cost in learning, lack of precision etc. !

form factor must fit functionalities !to make mobile devices “affordmore”!

the concept of Morphees!

interactive devices: no longer rectangular and flat but rather!

devices with arbitrary shapes!

and that shape-shift on their own!

e.g. you download a game app and !the device shifts into a console!

create high-resolution Morphees!

we explored 6 building strategies!

sewn Shape Memory Alloy wires that shrink when !a voltage is applied!

Shape Memory Alloy

SMAs that return to a shape that is memorized during a !heating process (e.g. using blowtorch)!

still low resolution …!

create high-resolution Morphees!

what does it mean?!

there is a metric for the display resolution (size, !refresh rate, color etc.) !

which screens is higher resolution?!

A B

which screens is higher resolution?!

A B

which shape-changing screen is higher resolution?!

C D

which shape-changing screen is higher resolution?!

C D

we introduce and define "the term shape resolution!

F

Strength (Newton)

F

Granularity (cp/cm2)

Porosity (%)

Curvature (rad)

Amplitude (cm)

Closure (%)

Zero-crossing (enum) 1

2 3 4 5

Speed (Second)

Area (cm2)

Stretchability (%)

tuple of 10 features!

F

Strength (Newton)

F

Granularity (cp/cm2)

Porosity (%)

Curvature (rad)

Amplitude (cm)

Closure (%)

Zero-crossing (enum) 1

2 3 4 5

Speed (Second)

Area (cm2)

Stretchability (%)

# display size!

tuple of 10 features!

F

Strength (Newton)

F

Granularity (cp/cm2)

Porosity (%)

Curvature (rad)

Amplitude (cm)

Closure (%)

Zero-crossing (enum) 1

2 3 4 5

Speed (Second)

Area (cm2)

Stretchability (%)

# number of pixels!

tuple of 10 features!

F

Strength (Newton)

F

Granularity (cp/cm2)

Porosity (%)

Curvature (rad)

Amplitude (cm)

Closure (%)

Zero-crossing (enum) 1

2 3 4 5

Speed (Second)

tuple of 10 features!

Area (cm2)

Stretchability (%)

# bit per pixel!

F

Strength (Newton)

F

Granularity (cp/cm2)

Porosity (%)

Curvature (rad)

Amplitude (cm)

Closure (%)

Zero-crossing (enum) 1

2 3 4 5

Speed (Second)

Area (cm2)

Stretchability (%)

# refresh rate!

tuple of 10 features!

F

Strength (Newton)

F

Granularity (cp/cm2)

Porosity (%)

Curvature (rad)

Amplitude (cm)

Closure (%)

Zero-crossing (enum) 1

2 3 4 5

Speed (Second)

tuple of 10 features!

Area (cm2)

Stretchability (%)

F

Strength (Newton)

F

Granularity (cp/cm2)

Porosity (%)

Curvature (rad)

Amplitude (cm)

Closure (%)

Zero-crossing (enum) 1

2 3 4 5

Speed (Second)

Area (cm2)

Stretchability (%)

tuple of 10 features!

F

Strength (Newton)

F

Granularity (cp/cm2)

Porosity (%)

Curvature (rad)

Amplitude (cm)

Closure (%)

Zero-crossing (enum) 1

2 3 4 5

Speed (Second)

tuple of 10 features!

Area (cm2)

Stretchability (%)

we also define what high-resolution means!

F

Strength (Newton)

F

Granularity (cp/cm2)

Porosity (%)

Curvature (rad)

Amplitude (cm)

Closure (%)

Zero-crossing (enum) 1

2 3 4 5

Speed (Second)

Area (cm2)

Stretchability (%)

maximizing the range each feature!

[ … ] [ … ] [ … ] [ … ]

[ … ] [ … ] [ … ] [ … ]

[ … ] [ … ]

which shape-changing screen is higher resolution?!

which shape-changing screen is higher resolution?!

Curvature (rad)

Zero-crossing (enum)

1 2

3 4 5

origin of our ten features!

they are based on NURBs*!

* Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines

NURBs is a geometrical model based on splines!

control points

control points

weights

control points

weights

degree (e.g. quadratic)

control points

weights

degree (e.g. quadratic)

knot vector

control points

weights

degree

knot vector

NURBs shape resolution

Zero-crossing (enum)

1

2

3 4

5

control points

weights

degree (e.g. quadratic)

knot vector

Curvature (rad)

control points

weights

degree (e.g. quadratic)

knot vector

give a uniform metric that can be easily embedded !into modeling software widely by designers !

the story behind NURBs!

usually used in virtual world but … !

from draftsmen in the!boat industry !

has roots in the physical word !

spline

duck

splines and control points are originally physical !objects!

•  !"#$%&'()#*+,-#.#*/01$2(#3%/$#4%5#%3#,+/&2#.#4%5#%3#,+/&2#6#7')7#/28%4+9%(#::;#572#$%/2#*2)/288#%3#,%(5/%4#"%+#70&2#%(#,<;#572#$%/2#870<2#"%+#044%=#.#57'8#'8#7%=#=2#*2>(2*#7')7?/28%4+9%(#

using NURBs for describe shape-changing devices !to reconnect this model with its origin !

take away!

a new standard and metric to compare shapes in devices"

Microsoft Sphere

Nokia flexible screen

Tactus morphing keyboard (CES13)

F

Strength (Newton)

F

Granularity (cp/cm2)

Porosity (%)

Curvature (rad)

Amplitude (cm)

Closure (%)

Zero-crossing (enum) 1

2 3 4 5

Speed (Second)

Area (cm2)

Stretchability (%)

tuple of 10 features!

Morphees: download a game app and !the device shifts into a console!

“transformers”!

form factor must fit functionalities !to make mobile devices “affordmore”!

Anne Roudaut!Abhijit Karnik!

Markus Löchtefeld!Sriram Subramanian!

roudauta@gmail.com!www.anneroudaut.fr !

Morphees!Toward High "Shape Resolution" in Self-

Actuated Flexible Mobile Devices!