MORINGA OLEIFERA

Course structure INTRODUCTION

NUTRITIONAL VALUE

MEDICINAL VALUE

Ben Oil

GROWING MORINGA

MORINGA PRODUCTS PRODUCTION

RESEARCH IN ISRAEL

INTRODUCTION

NUTRITION

WORLD DISTRIBUTION

HISTORY

TAXONOMY

HOME MEDICINE

USES OF MORINGA

GROWING MORINGA

MORINGA CONSUMPTION

NUTRITION

Nutritional value

Experts agree that the long-term solution to malnutrition is the use of foods rich in the essential nutrients often lacking in people's diets.

Modern scientific research is proving that Moringa leaves are one of the richest sources of such nutrients.

Even small amounts of the leaves could protect thousands of people from suffering and death.

7 times the Vitamin C of Oranges

4 times the Vitamin A of Carrots

4 times the Calcium of Milk

3 times the Potassium of Bananas

2 times the Protein of Yogurt

Moringa leaves compared to common foods

Values per 100gm. edible portion

Nutrient Moringa Leaves Other Foods

Vitamin A 6780 mcg Carrots: 1890 mcg

Vitamin C 220 mg Oranges: 30 mg

Calcium 440 mg Cow's milk: 120 mg

Potassium 259 mg Bananas: 88 mg

Protein 6.7 gm Cow's milk: 3.2 gm

Mineral Content of Moringa Leaves

Mineral Nicaragua India Niger

Macro elements (g kg-1 DM)

Calcium 17.5 26.4 13.9

Phosphorus 1.16 1.36 1.22

Magnesium 0.11 0.11 0.11

Sodium 1.16 2.73 2.61

Potassium 19.1 21.7 18.4

Micro-elements (mg kg-1 DM)

Iron 582 175 347

Magense 47.1 51.8 113.9

Zinc 13.5 13.7 24.2

Copper 11.2 7.1 10.6

MORINGA OLEIFERA NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF LEAVES AND

PODS

Analysis of Moringa pods, fresh (raw) leaves and dried leaf powder have

shown them to contain the following per 100 grams of edible portion:

Pods Leaves Leaf Powder

Moisture (%) 86.9 75.0 7.5

Calories 26 92 205

Protein (g) 2.5 6.7 27.1

Fat (g) 0.1 1.7 2.3

Carbohydrate (g) 3.7 13.4 38.2

Fiber (g) 4.8 0.9 19.2

Minerals (g) 2.0 2.3 -

Ca (mg) 30 440 2,003

Mg (mg) 24 24 368

P (mg) 110 70 204

K (mg) 259 259 1,324

Cu (mg) 3.1 1.1 0.57

Fe (mg) 5.3 7 28.2

S (mg) 137 137 870

Oxalic acid (mg) 10 101 1.6%

Vitamin A 0.11 6.8 16.3

Vitamin B 423 423 -

Vitamin B1 0.05 0.21 2.64

Vitamin B2 0.07 0.05 20.5

Vitamin B3 0.2 0.8 8.2

Vitamin C 120 220 17.3

Vitamin E -tocopherol acetate (mg) - - 113

Arginine (g/16g N) 3.6 6.0 1.33%

Histidine (g/16g N) 1.1 2.1 0.61%

Lysine (g/16g N) 1.5 4.3 1.32%

Tryptophan (g/16g N) 0.8 1.9 0.43%

Phenylanaline (g/16g N) 4.3 6.4 1.39%

Methionine (g/16g N) 1.4 2.0 0.35%

Threonine (g/16g N) 3.9 4.9 1.19%

Leucine (g/16g N) 6.5 9.3 1.95%

Isoleucine (g/16g N) 4.4 6.3 0.83%

Valine (g/16g N)

5.4

7.1 1.06%

digestibility (OMD) of some Table 11. Crude protein (CP) and fiber contents (CF), metabolizable energy

(ME) and organic matter commonly used oil meals (data are on dry matter basis).

Oil cakes/meals CP (%) CF (%) ME (MJ/Kg)

OMD (%)

Castor seed, Ricinus, Commercially extracted meal

38.5 32.3 6.9 47.0

Coconut, Cocos nucifera extracted meal

23.7 16.2 11.9 81.0

Cottonseed, Gossypium spp., Decorted extracted meal

51.5 8.8 10.6 73.0

Cottonseed, Gossypium spp.,

Partly decorted extracted meal

41.7 19.2 10.5 74.0

Groundnut, Arachis hypogaea,

Dehulled, extracted meal

56.3 6.4 12.5 86.0

Groundnut, Arachis hypogaea Partly dehulled, extracted meal

51.3 10.7 12.0 83.0

Linseed, Linum usitatissim,

extracted meal

38.7 10.3 12.2 79.0

Mustard, Sinapis alba, extracted meal

42.2 10.8 11.9 83.0

Rape seed, Papaver somm. extracted meal

39.4 14.0 10.9 77.0

Soya bean, Glycine max,

extracted meal

51.4 6.7 13.0 92.0

Sunflower, Helianth annuus, extracted meal

42.9 15.1 10.6 75.0

Fresh forages

Alfalfa, pre-bloom 22.1 23.7 10.0 70.0 Berseem, bloom 20.3 23.1 9.2 68.0

Clover red, bloom 17.5 24.3 9.6 70.0

Clover white, bloom 21.5 20.3 9.7 70.0 Lupin white 22.0 23.9 10.9 79.0 Mulberry* Up to

27.6 48.0 11.3 64.0

Moringa oleifera leaves

Extracted 43.5 47.4* 9.2 75.7 Unextracted 25.1 21.9* 9.5 74.1

It’s like growing multi-vitamins

multi-minerals at your doorstep.

Vitamin A

Vitamin B1

Vitamin B2

Vitamin B3

Vitamin C

Calcium

Chromium

Copper

Iron

Magnesium

Manganese

Phosphorus

Potassium

Protein

Zinc

Rare for a plant source, Moringa leaves contain all

the essential amino acids (proteins)...

Nutritional Value of Moringa Leaves

Nutritional analyses indicate that Moringa leaves contain a wealth of essential, disease-preventing nutrients. They even contain all of the essential amino acids, which is unusual for a plant source

Nutritional contents of vegetable matter can vary depending on varieties, seasons, climate, and soil conditions. Thus, different analyses produce different figures

WORLD

DISTRIBUTION

Nutritious Moringa

Malnutrition

History of Moringa Moringa oleifera is the best known of the thirteen species

of the genus Moringacae. Moringa was highly valued in

the ancient world. The Romans, Greeks and Egyptians

extracted edible oil from the seeds and used it for

perfume and skin lotion.

In the 19th century, plantations of Moringa in the West

Indies exported the oil to Europe for perfumes and

lubricants for machinery. People in the Indian sub-

continent have long used Moringa pods for food. The

edible leaves are eaten throughout West Africa and in

parts of Asia

Identification

Family: Moringaceae

Species: Moringa oleifera

Range: Native to the Indian sub-continent, and

naturalized in tropical and sub-tropical areas

around the world

Characteristics: Deciduous tree, fast-growing, drought-

resistant, average height of 12 meters at maturity

TAXONOMY

VarietiesTwelve other Moringa species are known as well

M. arborea

M. borziana

M. concanensis

M. drouhardii

M. hildebrandtii

M. longituba

M. ovalifolia

M. peregrina

M. pygmaea

M. rivae

M. ruspoliana

M. stenopetala

Ancient medicine claims that Moringa leaves

prevent 300 diseases

Various parts of this plant such as the leaves, roots, seed, bark, fruit, flowers and

immature pods act as cardiac and circulatory stimulants

Moringa oleifera is a bush of African savannah, used in folk Medicine for the treatment of rheumatic and articulary pain

Are being employed for the treatment of different ailments in the indigenous (native) system of medicine, particularly in South Asia.

HOME MEDICINE

moringa plant possess these activities:

Antitumor

Antipyretic

Antiepileptic

Antiinflammatory

Antiulcer

Antispasmodic

Antihypertensive

Antioxidant

Antidiabetic

Antibacterial

Antifungal

Diuretic

Cholesterol lowering

hepatoprotective

USES OF MORINGA

Every part of the Moringa tree is said to have beneficial properties that can serve humanity. People in societies around the world have made use of these properties. While the focus of this review is on the leaves, other parts of the tree are also worthy of further study

All parts are useful

All parts are useful

Leaves

Nutrition

Medicine

Pods Flowers

Seeds

Bark Gum Roots

Nutrition

Medicine

Medicine Medicine

Medicine

MedicineCooking oilCosmetics

Water purification

Lubricants

As mulch,

biogas & fuel

SeedsLeaves Stems Twigs

Kernels ShellsMeal

Extracted

meal

minus

oil

minus

coagulants

Animal feed

-Human consumption

- Medicinal uses

Animal feed

Cooking, cosmetics, and

medicinal & industrial

uses

Water purification

Pods

Growth factors

BarkRoots

Dyes,

tannins,

medicinal

uses

Fuel

Moringa parts and their uses

Oil

Intensive Moringa Leaf Production

Whether produced for use as a green manure, for livestock or for human consumption, moringaleaves can be grown intensively with yields of up to 650 metric tons of green matter per hectare.

This compares very well to other green manure crops such as lablab beans, which yield up to 110 tons/hectare of green matter in pure stands.

These high yields were obtained through sub soiling to a depth of 60 cm (to encourage drainage and good root development), rotavating, then planting moringa at a 10x10 cm density (one million plants per hectare) with

sufficient fertilizer

Cultivation

Cultivation

Moringa grows best in the hot, semi-arid tropics. It is drought-tolerant and grows with rainfalls of 250-1500 mm (10-60 in) per year.

Altitudes below 600 m (2000 ft) are best for the moringa; however, it grows up to 1200 m (4000 ft) in some tropical areas and has been recorded growing at 2000 m (6000 ft).

Moringa stenopetala in Ethiopia is found at altitudes up to 1800 m (6600 ft) regularly

At Proyecto Biomasa in Nicaragua, they have found the effective altitude limit for growing

moringa is 500 meters

Harvest The green matter is harvested when plants reach

a height of 50 cm or more (every 35-40 days) Cut at a distance of 20-25 cm above the ground. Although losses of seedlings may be 20-30% in

the first year, the vigorous regrowth of the remaining seedlings will produce 3 or 5 new shoots after each cutting.

Up to nine harvests can be obtained annually. In time (some of BIOMASA’s moringa stands are three years old) the 20-25 cm stem will become thick and woody but will continue to send up green shoots.

Production parameters of Moringa at first cutting

Plant density

(Plants / ha)

Fresh Matter

(Metrictons/ha/cutting)

Dry Matter

(Metric tons/ha)

Protein

(kg/ha)

Loss of plants

after first cutting

95,000 19.6 3.33 566 n.d

350,000 29.7 5.05 859 n.d.

900,000 52.6 8.94 1,520 n.d.

1,000,000 78.0 13.26 2,254 Approx. 2%

After completing the initial trials, only the one with 1,000,000 plants per hectare (optimal spacing) was continued. This trial was observed over a four-year period during which time a total of 9 cuttings per year were harvested

Sales of moringa from India(2008) Moringa seed- 9 USD per kg Moringa seed PKM 1 -14 USD per kg Moringa seed PKM 2 -18 USD per kg Moringa oil-23 USD per kg Moringa tea powder-11 USD per kg Moringa capsules-3 USD per 60 capsules each

250 mg in a Jar (Capsules minimum order- 100 Jars)

Organic Moringa leaf powder: 9 USD per kg (Certified by Lacon Ltd ,Germany)

Moringa fruits powder: 48 USD per kg Moringa cake powder: 3.5 USD per kg

MORINGA CONSUMPTION

“The hardest thing to see is what

is in front of your eyes.”

- Goethe