Moringa oleifera as alternative coagulant

Moringa oleifera – Household Alternative Coagulant for

Water Treatment.

Presented BYMajithiya H. M .

Email: [email protected]

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Introduction Coagulation-flocculation followed by

sedimentation, filtration and disinfection, often by chlorine, is used worldwide in the water treatment industry before the distribution of treated water to consumers (Peavy 1995).

However recent studies have pointed out several serious drawbacks of using Aluminium salts.

Introduction Aim & Objectives

Conclusions Observations & Data Interpretation

Suggestions & Recommendations

Methodology Materials & Methods

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Introduction about Moringa oleifera

•It tropical plant belonging to the family Moringaceae .

•Seeds are brown, and the kernels are white Crushed whole seed or presscake remaining after oil extraction as a coagulant for water and wastewater treatment.Introduction Aim &

ObjectivesConclusions Observations &

Data InterpretationSuggestions &

RecommendationsMethodology Materials

& Methods

M. oleifera pods M.O shelled seed Shelled seed M.O Press Cake

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In situation where high concentrations of alum are needed, lime is also added to raise the pH of water, thereby facilitating the treatment.

The cost of procuring these chemicals is increasing rapidly and most developing countries are finding it difficult to cope.

Therefore, where cheaper alternatives can be found, to replace or supplement the conventional treatment chemicals, their use would be a welcome benefit for the poorer less developed countries.

Purpose of study





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Natural Coagulant Vs Inorganic Coagulant

Drawbacks of Alum Alzhemeiers disease and similar health related

problems associated with residual aluminum in treated water.

It produces large sludge volumes. It require pH Alkalinity adjustment. Low efficiency in coagulation of cold water. It is costly and require high foreign exchange.

-





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Advantage of Moringa oleiferaCoagulant over Alum It is natural, completely non-toxic. The M. Oleifera seed extract appears to have

natural buffering capacity so, no pH alkalinity adjustments are required.

Beside level of turbidity it reduces the level of microorganism in water.

It is completely biodegradable. The volume of sludge produced is considerably

less in case of Moringa than in case of alum. Introduction Aim &

ObjectivesConclusions Observations &

Data InterpretationSuggestions &

RecommendationsMethodology Materials

& Methods

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Drawbacks of Moringa oleifera

At present availability of seeds is a problem it require mass cultivation.

The costs of the Shelled Seed powder of M.Owill probably higher then the cost of alum at present.

The water treated by M. oleifera produces odourafter two days from treatment.

Another disadvantage water extract increases Dissolved Organic Carbon in treated water.





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Aim & Objectives Aim

Optimization of dosage Affecting Coagulation and Flocculation of Turbid Water Using

Moringa oleifera Seed Extract

Objectives To optimize coagulation dose, slow and rapid mixing

parameters. To improve the extraction method of coagulation

active component. To study Household Alternative Coagulant for

Water Treatment.





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Materials and Methods

Experiment Design

Entire study was divided into different stages. And

same experiment is repeated for three coagulants

viz. Moringa oleifera shelled blended water

extract, Moringa oleifera shelled blended oil

extracted water extract & Alum.





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A series of experiments was conducted on three synthetic raw water turbidities viz. 50, 150, and 450 NTU.

Residual turbidity was used as the parameter to judge the performance of the process.

(According to Bureau of Indian Standards. IS 3025(PART 50): 2001)





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Result of Seed AnalysisSr. No

Sample Name Parameters Results Test Methods

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Moringa oleiferaSeeds

Protein 36.90 % AOAC 920.152

2 Fat 37.25 % Ranganna3 Carbohydrates 16.38 % IS: 1656-

19974 Crude Fiber 12.85 % SP-18 (P-

IX) 19845 Moisture 6.41 % Ranganna6 Ash 3.06 % AOAC

940.26

National Agriculture Food Analysis And Research Institute, Pune. (10.08.2007)

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Preparation of Seed Extract

Moringa oleifera non-shelled & shelled seeds

M.oleifera Seed Suspension

M.O. Seed Powder

Extraction of the Active Ingredient

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Preparation of “Synthetic Turbid Water”

1. Five gram of Kaolin clay is mix 500 ml of distilled water.

2. Mix clay sample is allowed to stand for 24 Hrs.

3. The stock solution, turbidities varying from 50- 450 NTU prepared by serial dilution of stock solution.

Kaolin Clay Bottle Stock Turbidity Solution





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Equipment Used

Jar Test Apparatus

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Digital Lovibond Turbidity Meter

Digital pH Meter

Rapid Mixer

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Observation & Data Interpretation





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Optimum Dosage of Moringa oleifera Shelled Blended.

OPTIMUM DOSAGE OF M.O. Shelled Blended w ater extract AT 50, 150, AND 450 NTU

18.2 22.831.27

0

20

40

60

40 50 60 70* 80 11

012

013

0**

140

150

200

25030

0*** 35

0

DOSAGE OF M.O. Shelled Blended water extract (mg/l)

AVE

RA

GE

RES

IDU

AL

TUR

BID

ITY

(NTU

0 50 NTU

150 NTU

450 NTU

Shelled blended Moringa oleifera was able to achieve 63.90 % turbidity removal at an optimum dosage of 70 mg/l for 50 NTU whilst for 150 and 450 NTU turbidity the doses were 130 mg/l and 300 mg/l and % turbidity removal is 84.80 % and 93.10 % respectively.





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Optimum Dosage of Moringa oleiferaShelled Blended oil extracted.

OPTIMUM DOSAGE OF M oringa oleifera Shelled Blended AT 50, 150, AND 450 NTU

10.1

25.13 26

010

2030

40

10 50* 100** 150*** 200

DOSAGE OF Moringa oleifera Shelled Blended oil extracted water extract (mg/l)

AVE

RA

GE

RES

IDU

AL

TUR

BID

ITY

(NTU

)

50 NTU

150 NTU

450 NTU

Shelled blended oil extracted Moringa oleifera was able to achieve 78.7 %turbidity removal at an optimum dosage of 50 mg/l for 50 NTU whilst for 150 and 450 NTU turbidity the doses were 100 mg/l and 150 mg/l and % turbidity removal is 83.24 % and 94.22 % respectively.





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Optimum Dosage of Alum OPTIMUM DOSAGE OF ALUM FOR 50, 150, AND 450 NTU

3.77 4.737.2

0

5

10

15

20

5 10 20 30* 40** 50*** 60

DOSAGE OF ALUM (mg/l)

AVE

RA

GE

RES

IDU

AL

TUR

BID

ITY

(NTU

)

50 NTU

150 NTU

450 NTU

Alum was able to achieve 92.47 % turbidity removal at an optimum dosage of 30 mg/l for 50 NTU whilst for 150 and 450 NTU turbidity the doses were 40 mg/l and 50 mg/l and % turbidity removal is 96.24 % and 98.40% respectively.





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Summary of All Results

Coagulants

(Concentration 1 %)

M.O. Shelled Blended water extract

M.O. Shelled Blendedoil Extracted water

extractAlum

Synthetic KaolinWater

Turbidity (NTU)

Optimum Dosage

mg/l

% Reduction

in turbidity

Optimum Dosage

mg/l

% Reduction

in turbidity

Optimum Dosage

mg/l

% Reduction

in turbidity

50 70 63.6 50 78.7 30 92.84150 130 84.8 100 83.24 40 96.84450 300 93.1 150 94.22 50 98.40

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Conclusions

Moringa oleifera seeds present a viable alternative to alum. Increase dosage of Moringa oleifera lead to decrease

turbidity upto the optimum dosage after which the residual turbidity increases due to floc restabilization Increasing initial turbidity, optimum dose is subsequently found to increase.

Requirement dose for Moringa oleifera for both Shelled blended and shelled blended oil extracted was higher than alum all over the turbidities range from 50- 450 NTU.





The oil content in the seed will form an emulsion or film coating which may inhibit the contact with the surface of reaction and thus reduce floc formation. Shelled blend oil extracted Moringa oleifera has been found to be more effective than the shelled blended seeds as a primary coagulant for turbid water.

It is easy to prepare the suspension and can be use as household water treatment.

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M. oleifera seed contains 40 % oil by weight & hence after oil extraction waste product “presscake” contain active component affecting coagulation in water treatment, therefore farmers can promote for cultivation.

Using M. oleifera as a replacement coagulant for proprietary coagulants meets the meets the needs for water technology in developing countries which is simple to use, robust and cheap to both install and maintain sustainable as household coagulant.





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Moringa oleifera is a consumer friendly and environment friendly low alternative for rural areas or small scale water treatment plant. M. oleifera is a renewable resource can be grown on large scale.

Research should therefore continue in this area so as to apply it to small and large scale water treatment in tropical development countries.





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Moringa oleifera as alternative coagulant

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