1. History of Islam Muhammad (610632) Caliphate and civil war (632750)-After the deathof Muhammad, the "First Fitna, Second Fitnaoccurred. Abbasid era (7501258) which also known asIslamic Golden Age Fall of Abbasids to end of caliphate (12581924) Modern times (1924present)

2. The Prophet of Islam In the year 570, Muhammad and who would becomethe Prophet of one of the worlds great religions, Islam,was borned. In his forties, he retired to meditate in a cave onMount Hira, just outside Mecca, where the first of thegreat events of Islam took place. One day, as he wassitting in the cave, he heard a voice, later identified asthat of the Angel Gabriel, which ordered him to: Recite: In the name of thy Lord who created,Created man from a clot of blood. (Quran 96:1-2) 3. Fall of Abbasids to end ofcaliphate (12581924) The Muslim world was generally in political decline,especially relative to the non-Islamic Europeanpowers. Large areas of Islamic Central Asia wereseriously depopulated largely as a result of Mongoldestruction. By the 19th century the British Empire had formallyended the last Mughal dynasty. The Ottoman eraended after World War I and the Caliphate wasabolished in 1924. 4. five basic acts in Sunni Islam,considered obligatory by believers.These are summarized in thefamous Hadith of Gabriel. 5. The 5 Pillars of Islam : Shahadah : Islamic Reading Salat : Prayer Zakat : almsgiving Sawm : Fasting during ramadan Hajj : Pilgrimage to Mecca 6. Shahadah : Islamic Reading the declaration of faiththe professing that there is only One God Muhammad is Allahs messenger. 7. Salat : The Prayer Salat consists of five daily prayers according to theSunna The names are according to the prayer times: Fajr (morning dawn), Zuhr (noon) Asr (afternoon), Maghrib (after-sunset) Isha (late evening, night). 8. Salat : The Prayer All of these prayers are recited while facingthe Kabah in Mecca. Muslims must wash themselves beforeprayer, this washing iscalled wud("purification"). The prayer is accompanied by a series of setpositions including; bowing with hands onknees, standing, prostrating and sitting in aspecial position. 9. Zakat : Alms The practice of charitable giving by Muslims based onaccumulated wealth. Considered to be a personal responsibility forMuslims to ease economic hardship for others andeliminate inequality. Zakat consists of spending 2.5% of ones wealth for thebenefit of the poor or needy, including slaves, debtorsand travellers. 10. Sawm : Fasting during Ramadan Three types of fasting :Ritual fastingFasting as compensation for repentanceascetic fasting 11. Ritual Fasting Obligatory act during the month of Ramadan Muslims must abstain from food and drink from dawn to dusk during this month and are to be especially mindful of other sins. 12. Fasting is necessary for every Muslim that has reached puberty (unless he/she suffers from a medical condition which prevents him/her from doing so.) The fast is meant to allow Muslims to seek nearness to God, to express their gratitude to and dependence on him, atone for their past sins, and to remind them of the needy. 13. Hajj: Pilgrimage to Mecca Occurs during the Islamic month of Dhu al-Hijjah tothe holy city of Mecca.Every able-bodied Muslim is obliged to make thepilgrimage to Mecca at least once in their lifetime . When the pilgrim is around 10 km from Mecca, hemust dress in Ihram clothing. Both men and women are required to make thepilgrimage to Mecca. After a Muslim makes the trip to Mecca, he/she isknown as a hajj/hajja 14. The main rituals of the Hajj include walking seven times around the Kaaba, touching the Black Stone, traveling seven times between Mount Safa and Mount Marwah, and symbolically stoning the Devil in Mina. 15. Sharia Law (Shariah) moral code and religious law of Islam. Sharia deals with many topics addressed by secular law: crime, politics and economics, as well as personal matters such as - sexual intercourse, hygiene, diet, prayer, and fasting. 16. According to the Sharia law: Theft is punishable by amputation of the right hand. Criticizing or denying any part of the Quran is punishable by death. A Muslim who becomes a non-Muslim is punishable by death. A non-Muslim who leads a Muslim away from Islam is punishable by death. A non-Muslim man who marries a Muslim woman is punishable by death. A man can marry an infant girl and consummate the marriage when she is 9 years old. 17. A man can unilaterally divorce his wife, but a womanneeds her husbands consent to divorce. A man can beat his wife for insubordination. A womans testimony in court, allowed only inproperty cases, carries half the weight of a mans. A female heir is to inherit half as much a male heir. A woman cannot drive a car, as it leadsto fitnah (upheaval). A woman cannot speak alone to a man who is not herhusband or relative. Muslims should engage in taqiyya and lie to non-Muslims to advance Islam. 18. Examples of Sharia Law 19. Laws (The Quran and Sunnah) inheritance marriage restitution for injuries and murder rules for fasting, charity, and prayer. However, these prescriptions and prohibitants maybe broad, so their application may be varies. 20. Fiqh ("jurisprudence) knowledge of the practical rules of the religion. prevent innovation or alteration in the originalreligion, known as bidah. Islamic jurists use to derive rulings is known as usul al-fiqh ("legal theory", or "principles of jurisprudence"). According to Islamic legal theory, law has fourfundamental roots, which are given precedence in thisorder:>> the Quran, the Sunnah , the consensus of theMuslim jurists (ijma), and analogical reasoning(qiyas). 21. Adab ( Islamic etiquette)greeting others with "as-salamu `alaykum" ("peace be unto you") saying bismillah ("in the name of God") before meals, using only the right hand for eating and drinking. Islamic hygienic practices mainly fall into the category of personalcleanliness and health. Circumcision of male offspring is also practiced in Islam. Islamic burial rituals include saying the Salat al-Janazah ("funeralprayer") over the bathed and enshrouded dead body, and burying it in agrave. Muslims are restricted in their diet. Prohibitedfoods include pork products, blood, carrion, and alcohol. All meat must come from a herbivorous animal.Food permissible for Muslims is known as halal food. 22. Marriage in Islam Is a civil contract which consists of an offer and acceptance between twoqualified parties in the presence of twowitnesses. The groom is required to pay a bridalgift (mahr) to the bride, as stipulated inthe contract. A woman can have 1 husband, but aman can have up to 4wives; Muhammad can have more. 23. Political aspects of IslamTraditional political concepts in Islam include: leadership by successors to the Prophet known as Caliphs the importance of following Islamic law or Shariathe duty of rulers to seek Shura or consultation from their subjectsthe importance of rebuking unjust rulers but not encouraging rebellion against them. 24. Introduction : in Arabic, Allah means the OneTrue God. Western philosophers attemptto reach God in their own way. The philosophers seek Godthough pure reason . According to Islam, the correctway of finding God is throughthe preserved teachings of theprophets. 25. Belief in God in Islamconsists of four matters:(I) Belief in Godsexistence.(II)God is the SupremeLord.(III) God Alone isentitled to worship.(IV)God is known by HisMost Beautiful Names andAttributes. 26. Belief in Angel Angels are thought of as goodforces of nature, hologramimages, or illusions. In Islamic doctrine, they arereal created beings. They all submit to God andcarry out His commands. Angels were created from lightbefore human beings werecreated. The greatest of them isGabriel. The Prophet of Islamactually saw him in his originalform. 27. Names of Angels : Muslims believe in specificangels mentioned in theIslamic sources.Angelic Abilities : They can take on differentforms. E.g. Angels visited Abraham inhuman form. Gabriel used tovisit Prophet Muhammad indifferent forms. Gabriel isGods heavenly messenger tomankind. 28. Tasks of Angels : Some angels are put in charge of executing Gods lawin the physical world. guardian angels responsible for protecting the believerthroughout his life for recording the deeds of man, good and bad angels responsible for breathing the soul into thefoetus. Some angels are roamers, traveling around the worldin search of gatherings where God is remembered. 29. Belief in the scripturesReasons for the revelation ofscriptures: reference to learn the religionand obligations towards Godand fellow human beings. disputes and differencesbetween its followers inmatter of religious belief. The scriptures are meant tokeep the religion safe fromcorruption and deterioration. It is Gods proof againsthuman beings. 30. The Quran is different from other scriptures in thefollowing respects:(1) The Quran is miraculous and inimitable.(2) After the Quran, no more scriptures will be revealedby God. Prophet Muhammad-last prophet, the Quran-last scripture.(3) God has taken it upon Himself to protect the Quranfrom alteration.(4) The Quran is a trustworthy witness over them.(5) The Quran abrogates them, meaning it cancels therulings of the previous scriptures and renders theminapplicable. 31. Belief in prophets God conveys His message andrelates His will through humanprophets. believe that God chose morallyupright men to bear His messageand pass it to humanity. Muslims firmly believe the finalprophet was the Prophet of Islam,Muhammad. 32. Reasons for sending prophets: Guiding humanity humanity from the worship ofcreated beings Clarifying to humanity the purpose of creation Showing humanity the right path that will lead themto Paradise Establishing proof against humanity by sendingprophets Uncovering the unseen world Providing human beings practical examples Purifying the soul from materialism, sin, andheedlessness Conveying to humanity the teachings of God 33. Belief in life after death after the death of the humanbody in the form of spiritual andphysical resurrection. Paradise and Hell will be thefinal dwelling places Paradise is the eternal garden ofphysical pleasures and spiritualdelights. Hell is an infernal place ofpunishment for unbelievers andpurification for sinful believers. 34. Belief in divine decree means that everything good or bad, all moments of happiness or sorrow, pleasure or pain, come from God.1. Gods foreknowledge is infallible.2. God has recorded everything that will occur until the Day of Judgment in the Preserved Tablet.3. Nothing occurs in the heavens or on earth without the Will of God.4. God is the Creator of everything. 35. Denomination and culture 36. Denominations Sunni Sia Sufism Minor Denominations 37. Culture Architecture Art Calendar List of Islamic Scholars 38. Mosque of Uqba 39. Great mosque of Cordoba 40. Shrine of Hazrat Ali