Moral Islam

8/2/2019 Moral Islam

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(Introduction)(history)

Islam is the official religion of the country. Islam was brought to the world by Prophet

Muhammad, who was born in Mecca on 20 April 570AD.Islam means submission to God. The basis for Islamic doctrine is found in the Qur’an. It

is the scripture of Islam written by Prophet Muhammad and his disciples as dictated by

the Angel Gabriel which lasted for about 23 years. An adherent of Islam is called a

Muslim. Muslims believe that God is one and incomparable and the purpose of existenceis to love and serve God. Muslims also believe that Islam is the complete and universal

version of a primordial faith that was revealed at many times and places before, including

through Abraham, Moses and Jesus, whom they consider prophets. Religious conceptsand practices include the five pillars of Islam, which are basic concepts and obligatory

acts of worship, and following Islamic law.

(Principle)

The true faithful Muslim believes in the Rukun Iman, Principle Articles of Faith:

• Belief in One God “Allah”

Islam's most fundamental concept is a rigorous monotheism, called tawhid . They belief

in One God “Allah”. God is described in the Qur'an as "Say: He is God, the One andOnly; God, the Eternal, Absolute; He begetteth not, nor is He begotten; And there is nonelike unto Him." Muslims repudiate the Christian doctrine of the Trinity and divinity of

Jesus, comparing it to polytheism, but accept Jesus as a prophet. In Islam, God is beyond

all comprehension and Muslims are not expected to visualize God. God is described and

referred to by certain names or attributes, the most common being Al-Rahmān, meaning

"The Compassionate" and Al-Rahīm, meaning "The Merciful"

• Belief in Angels of Allah

Belief in angels is fundamental to the faith of Islam. According to the Qur'an, angels do

not possess free will, and worship God in total obedience. Angels' duties include

communicating revelations from God, glorifying God, recording every person's actions,and taking a person's soul at the time of death. They are also thought to intercede on

man's behalf. The Qur'an describes angels as "messengers with two or more than two

wing”

• Belief in the holy books of Allah

The Islamic holy books are the records which most Muslims believe were dictated byGod to various prophets. Muslims believe that the verses of the Qur'an were revealed toMuhammad by God through the archangel Gabriel on many occasions between 610 CE

until his death on June 8, 632 CE. While Muhammad was alive, all of these revelations

were written down by his companions, although the prime method of transmission was

orally through memorization. After the death of Muhammad, it was compiled in the timeof Abu Bakr, the first caliph, and was standardized under the administration of Uthman,

the third caliph. The Qur'an is divided into 114 chapters, which combined, contain 6,236



verses. The Qur'an is more concerned with moral guidance than legal instruction, and is

considered the "sourcebook of Islamic principles and values". To Muslims, the Qur'an isperfect only as revealed in the original Arabic; translations are necessarily deficient

because of language differences, the fallibility of translators, and the impossibility of

preserving the original's inspired style.

• Belief In prophets of Allah

Muslims identify the prophets of Islam as those humans chosen by God to be hismessengers. According to the Qur'an the descendants of Abraham and Imran were chosen

by God to bring the "Will of God" to the peoples of the nations. Muslims believe that

prophets are human and not divine, though some are able to perform miracles to prove

their claim. Islamic theology says that all of God's messengers preached the message of Islam — submission to the Will of God. The Qur'an mentions the names of numerous

figures considered prophets in Islam, including Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses and Jesus,

among others. However, Muslims believe that God finally sent Muhammad to convey the

divine message to the whole world.

• Belief In the last Day of Judgment

Muslim belief in the "Day of Judgment. They believe the time of Day of Judgment is

preordained by God but unknown to man. The trials and tribulations preceding and

during the Day of Judgment are described in the Qur'an and the hadith, and also in thecommentaries of scholars. The Qur'an emphasizes bodily resurrection, a break from the

pre-Islamic Arabian understanding of death. On Day of Judgment, Muslims believe all

mankind will be judged on their good and bad deeds. The Qur'an lists several sins that

can condemn a person to hell, such as disbelief and dishonesty; however, the Qur'anmakes it clear God will forgive the sins of those who repent if He so wills. Good deeds,

such as charity and prayer, will be rewarded with entry to heaven. Muslims view heaven

as a place of joy and bliss, with Qur'anic references describing its features and thephysical pleasures to come. Mystical traditions in Islam place these heavenly delights in

the context of an ecstatic awareness of God.

• Belief in fact or destiny.

Islam belief in fact or destiny. Muslim believe God has full knowledge and control over

all that occurs. This is explained in Qur'anic verses such as "Say: 'Nothing will happen to

us except what Allah has decreed for us: He is our protector' For Muslims, everything inthe world that occurs, good or evil, has been preordained and nothing can happen unless

permitted by God. According to Muslim theologians, although events are pre-ordained,man possesses free will in that he has the faculty to choose between right and wrong, and

is thus responsible for his actions. According to Islamic tradition, all that has been

decreed by God is written in al-Lawh al- Mahfūz, the "Preserved Tablet".



(Believe in)

The true faithful Muslim believes in the Rukun Islam, the Five Pillars of Islam:

There is no God other than Allah d Muhammad the Prophet of Allah. Shahadah is the

professing of monotheism and accepting of Muhammad as God's messenger. Theshahadah is a set statement normally recited in Arabic"I testify that there is no god except

Allah and Muhammad is the messenger of God." Reciting this statement is a key part in a

person's conversion to Islam.

Prayers must be done five times a day towards the direction of Mecca. Islamic prayers iscall Salat. Salat consists of five daily prayers according to the Quran: Fajr,

Zuhr,Asir,Maghrib, and Isha'a. Fajr is performed before the light of dawn, Zhur is

performed in the mid day when the sun is at its highest above you, Isha'a is the eveningprayer. All of these prayers are recited while facing the Ka'bah in Mecca. Muslims must

wash themselves before prayer, this washing is called Wudu. The prayer is accompanied

by a series of set positions including; bowing with hands on knees, standing, prostratingand sitting in a special position (not on the heels, nor on the buttocks).

The observance of fast during the month of Ramadan. This develops self-control,

devotion to God and identify with the needy. Swam of Ramadan is a month that Muslims

must abstain from food and drink from dawn to dusk during this month, and are to be

especially mindful of other sins. Ritual fasting is an obligatory act during the month of Ramadan. Muslim cannot obtain food and drink from dawn to dusk unless they suffers

from a medical condition which prevents them from doing so. Swam is to allow Muslimsto seek nearness to God, to express their gratitude to and dependence on him, atone for

their past sins, and to remind them of the needy.

Zakat is the practice of charitable giving by Muslims based on accumulated wealth, and

is obligatory for all who are able to do so. It is considered to be a personal responsibility

for Muslims to ease economic hardship for others and eliminate inequality. Zakat consistsof spending 2.5% of one's wealth for the benefit of the poor or needy, including slaves,

debtors and travelers. A Muslim may also donate more as an act of voluntary charity,

rather than to achieve additional divine reward. There are two main types of Zakat. First,

there is the kajj, which is a fixed amount. Second, there are five principles that should be

followed when giving the Zakat: The giver must declare to God his intention to give theZakat. The Zakat must be paid on the day that it is due. After the Offering, the payer must

not exaggerate on spending his money more than usual means payment must be in kind.This means if one is wealthy then he or she needs to pay 2.5% of their income. If a

person does not have much money, then they should compensate for it in different ways,

such as good deeds and good behavior toward others. The Zakat must be distributed in

the community from which it was taken.



The Hajj is a pilgrimage that occurs during the Islamic month of Dhu al-Hijjah to the

holy city of Mecca. Muslims are expected to make the pilgrimage to Mecca at least oncein their lifetime if they have the means to do it and are physically capable of the trip. The

main rituals of the Hajj include walking seven times around the Kaaba, touching the

Black Stone, traveling seven times between Mount Safa and Mount Marwah, and

symbolically stoning the Devil in Mina. The pilgrim is honored in the Muslimcommunity. Hajj should be an expression of devotion to God, not a means to gain social

standing. Pilgrim should be self-aware and examine their intentions in performing the

pilgrimage. This should lead to constant striving for self-improvement.

(Important terms in Islamic behavior)

Taqwa is a Islamic concept of self-awareness which in a broad sense involvesthankfulness and respect for God and his creation. The meaning of taqwa is protect or

preserve self from danger and evil and distance oneself from the evil.

Iman is refers to the inner aspect of the religion, and denotes a believer's faith in the

metaphysical realities of Islam. According to Quran, Iman must be accompanied by

believe in Allah, bow to Him, be faithful to Him and total submission to Him.

Ihsan is the Muslim responsibility to obtain perfection, or excellence, in worship, suchthat Muslims try to worship God as if they see Him, and although they cannot see Him,

they undoubtedly believe that He is constantly watching over them. Ihsan meaning is to

do beautiful things such as beautify your behavior with complete faith and beautify your

behavior justly.

(There are two main groups of Muslims are Sunni and Shia.)

Sunni Islam is referred to as the orthodox version of the religion. The word "Sunni"comes from the term Sunnah which refers to the sayings and actions of Muhammad that

are recorded in hadiths. The primary hadith collections is in conjunction with the Quran.

It is the form the basis of all jurisprudence methodologies within Sunni Islam. Laws arederived from the text of the Quran and the hadith, in addition to using methods of juristic

reasoning and consensus. There is a multitude of scholarly opinions in each field.

Shia Islam is based on the teachings of the Quran and the message of the Islamic prophet

Muhammad. In contrast to other schools of thought, the Shia believe that only God hasthe right to choose a representative to safeguard Islam. For this reason, the Shias look toAli, whom they consider divinely appointed, as the rightful successor to Muhammad, and

the first imam. The Shia believe that there are numerous narrations where Muhammad

selected Ali as his successor.



(The Islamic Holy Boks)

The Quran contains the words of Allah s.w.t. passed on to Prophet Muhammad. Muslimsbelieve the Quran to be verbally revealed through angel Jibrīl from God to Muhammad

gradually over a period of approximately 23 years beginning in 610 CE, when

Muhammad was 40, and concluding in 632 CE, the year of his death. Shortly after

Muhammad's death the Quran was compiled into a single book by order of the firstCaliph Abu Bakr and at the suggestion of his future successor Umar.

The Hadis: It is a record of the words, actions, behavior, character and admissions of

Prophet Muhammad. Muslims regard the Quran as the main miracle of Muhammad, theproof of his prophethood[13] and the culmination of a series of divine messages that

started with the messages revealed to Adam, regarded in Islam as the first prophet,and

continued with the Suhuf Ibrahim, the Tawrat of Moses, the Zabur of David and the Injil

of Jesus. The Quran describes itself as a book of guidance, sometimes offering detailedaccounts of specific historical events, and often emphasizing the moral significance of an

event over its narrative sequence.

The Hadith is a record of the words, actions, behavior, character and admissions of

Prophet Muhammad. Hadith are regarded by traditional Islamic schools of jurisprudenceas important tools for understanding the Quran and in matters of jurisprudence. Hadithwere evaluated and gathered into large collections during the 8th and 9th centuries. These

works are referred to in matters of Islamic law and history to this day. The two largest

denominations of Islam, Shia and Sunni, have different sets of hadith collections.

(Public Holidays: Hari Rayr Puasa, Hari Raya aji, Awal Muharram, Prophet

Muhammad;s Birthday,)

Moral Islam

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