Monitoring, Reporting and Reducing Air Emissions from Marine Operations

Till Stoeckenius, ENVIRON Int. Corp.

GreenTech 2014

10-12 June St. John, NB

Overview

• Air quality impacts of marine port operations

• Reducing Emissions • Developing Emission Inventories for

Marine Ports • Ocean-Going Vessel Emissions Calculators • Voyage Planning Tools

Air Quality Impacts of Marine Port Operations

Port Air Emission Sources

• Ocean-going vessels

• Harbor craft

• Cargo handling equipment

• Trucks

• Locomotives

• Other – construction, materials handling, etc.

Pollutants

Pollutant Impact

Diesel Particulate Matter (DPM) • Local health impact • Contributes to regional fine

PM loading

Nitrogen Oxides • Regional O3 and secondary PM formation

Sulfur Oxides • Local health impact • Secondary PM (sulfate)

formation

Other (CO, VOC, other PM, other toxics) • Less important for diesel combustion sources

Port Emission Inventories

Emissions: Port of Oakland

2005

2012

Emissions: Port of Oakland

Emissions: Port of Oakland

2005 Inventory

Oceangoing Vessel Emission Tools

Basic Emission Calculations: OGV

• Activities (Time in mode) – Cruise

– Reduced speed

– Maneuvering

– Berthing (hoteling)

• Engines – Propulsion

• Diesel electric

• Direct drive

– Auxiliary

– Boilers

• Emissions – Q (g/hr) = Engine Power Demanded (kW) x Emission Factor

(g/kW-hr)

– Q (g/nm) = Q (g/hr) / Vessel Speed (knots)

– Emission factors: Published values by engine category, technology and fuel type/sulfur content

– Engine Power Demand (by mode, ship specific) • Propulsion engine speed – load curve

• Auxiliary load

Emission Calculators

• Port vessel call emissions calculator

• Vessel speed reduction benefits analyzer

• Voyage Emissions Calculator

Port Vessel Call Emissions Calculator

• Tool for compiling annual emissions summary report for vessel calls

• Inputs – Vessel call data from port or Marine Exchange

(name/number, arrival/departure times) – Engine data by ship (IHS Sea-web) – Modal data

• Time in mode by vessel class • Engine loads by mode • Shore power usage

– Fuel parameters – Emission factor database

• Easy annual updates based on vessel call data

Vessel Speed Reduction Program Benefits Analyzer

• Vessel emissions vary by speed – Propulsion engine

g/nm proportional to (speed)2

– Aux. engine g/nm proportional to (1/speed)

– Direct drive propulsion engines less efficient at very low loads

-

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

NO

x Em

issi

ons

(gra

ms/

naut

ical

mile

)

Speed (knots)

Boiler

Auxiliary

Propulsion

Vessel Speed Reduction Program Benefits Analyzer

• Evaluate and track benefits of voluntary VSR program

• Potential VSR benefits vary by vessel type and program design

• Emissions calculation based on average speed is inaccurate

• Access database program – Track all calls by vessel type

– Calculate total vessel call emissions by speed (mode)

– Calculate actual VSR program benefit

ENVIRON: Concept and Emissions Calculations Marshall GIS: Software Development

Voyage Emissions Calculator

Drivers

International and National

MARPOL Annex VI

North America Emission Control Area

California Regulations

REGULATION

Sustainability Goals and Customer Green Cargo Requirements

SUSTAINABILITY

Fuel Costs Fines and Penalties

PROFIT

Emissions Calculator

Measure – Model – Evaluate

EMISSIONS Standard Scenario

EMISSIONS Alternative Scenario

COMPARE

• Fuel consumption • Fuel sulfur content • Operating parameters

Standard Scenario

• Fuel consumption • Fuel sulfur content • Operating parameters

Alternative Scenario (by voyage segment)

VOYAGE DATA BY SEGMENT

Interactive GIS-Based Emissions Calculations

Voyage Data

Port A

Port B

Port C

Waypoint 1

Waypoint 2

Waypoint 3

Waypoint 4

Waypoint 6 Waypoint 5

By segment: • fuel type • Scrubber on or off • avg. speed • distance

Course change with no waypoint

Waypoint with no course change

Identify Segment

Data by Segment

• Speed • Fuel • Scrubber status

Identify Port

Victoria, BC

Calculate and Compare

Questions?