Monitoring Post-partum period for Improving Reproductive...
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Transcript of Monitoring Post-partum period for Improving Reproductive...
Monitoring Post-partum period
for
Improving Reproductive Efficiency
of
Cattle and Buffaloes
Dr. H.J.Derashri and Dr. F.S.Kavani
Department of Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology and Obstetrics
College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry,
Anand Agricultural University, Anand. 388 001.
Rationale of the Project
(JUSTIFICATION)
Dairy industry is well established in Gujarat state and is
taken as model for other states in the Country.
The policy of the state Government is to support the dairy
development through Village Co-operative Societies and
District Milk Producers’ Unions and their federation.
Gujarat state has well recognised milk purpose buffalo
breeds. Mehsani, Jafrabadi, Surti breeds of buffaloes are
well known for their high milk yielding capacity.
Rationale of the Project
Particularly Surti buffaloes are present in the Irrigated Agro-Eco system under Sugarcane Production area. A total of approximately 22.5 lakh breedable Surti buffaloes are there in the state (Government of Gujarat, 1999-2000).
As per FAO, for economic maintenance of Buffaloes, the animals should attain maturity at the age of three years and should have inter-calving period of 13-14 months. Any extension in the inter-calving period beyond 14 months increases maintenance cost of the animal.
Introduction
Normal reproduction is the basis for sound animal
husbandry and is one of the most important
considerations determining the profitability of bovine
reproduction.
Introduction
The efficiency of reproduction in a given species depends
on
- the length of the sexual season,
- frequency of estrus,
- number of ovulations,
- duration of pregnancy,
- litter size,
- suckling period,
- puberty age and
- duration of the reproductive period in Animal’s life.
Introduction
The efficiency of reproductive period may decline as a result of
-seasonal, -genetic,
-nutritional, -anatomic,
-hormonal, -neural,
-immunological, -humoral or
-pathologic factors.
These factors may result in partial or complete reproductive failure. Those concerned with farm animals have the continuous objective of preventing such failure.
Introduction
Cattle are kept for economic gain, and the ultimate
goal of preventive medicine programmes concerned with
reproduction should be to maintain production on the
most profitable level.
The progressive dairy husbandry cannot be
maintained on a high level unless calving intervals are
kept at a minimum.
In attempting to achieve a desirable economically
necessary 12 – 14 month calving interval, the interval
from calving to conception must be 85 – 115 days
respectively.
Introduction
To achieve this goal, breeding of cows and buffaloes
that have normal calving and post-partum periods should
begin at 50 days after two post-partum estrous cycles, 14
to 18 days and 30 to 38 days.
These are necessary to result in good conception rates.
This then allows two breeding periods between 50 and 85
days or three breeding periods between 50 and 115 days.
Introduction
Breeding prior to 50 days post-partum is generally not
desirable because of reduced conception rate and this
practice could cause an abbreviated dry period.
Economic losses occur when large numbers of
conception occur earlier than 50 days or more than 100
days.
Introduction
Prevention is better than Cure.
Correction of factors causing prolonged calving
intervals is more important than early post-partum
breeding to an economically profitable production record
for a herd.
Therefore, the early onset of the observation of and
recording of regular post-partum estrous cycles of all
animals is imperative.
Calving should be
Calving should be
in
a clean,
well bedded with straw or hay,
disinfected stall
and
a clean pasture
to avoid post-partum retained placenta
and
post-partum infections.
Calving should be
Animals with
milk fever, retained placenta, metritis,
post-parturient ketosis, displaced abomasums,
acute mastitis,
fail to return to a level or positive energy balance.
Animals developing cystic ovaries
and
owners failing to detect animals in oestrus,
all result in a delayed return to service
and a prolonged calving to conception interval.
Calving care
In older animals
prompt treatment of incipient milk fever
or retained placentas
with calcium products and oxytocin
and possibly parenteral antibiotics is imperative.
Dry cow therapy
and dipping of teats should be practiced
when drying the cow off and teats should be dipped for a
week or so before calving.
Post-partum Animal Examination
Post-partum examination
of the animals
at about
21 and / or 35 to 45
is indicated
to be certain normal involution
and estorus cycling is occurring
and that post-partum infections
or
cystic ovaries have not developed.
Post-partum Animal Examination
If cystic ovaries have developed prompt treatment of GnRH or hCG is indicated.
In older animals or high producing animals
it may be desirable to give 100 to 250 ug of GnRH on 12th to 14th day post-partum or
when follicles 1.0 cm in diameter are present, to promote ovulation, normal CL formation
and estrous cycling and
prevent the development of luteal or follicular cysts.
Reproductive Examination in the
Post-partum Period
Gynaecological examination:
7TH week post-partum -
Two treatment groups
Treatment Group -I : Anoestrus Animals
(Animals having Inactive Ovaries)
Treatment group – II :Sub-oestrus Animals
(Animals having palpable CL on the ovaries)
Technical Report: GAU, Anand.
Group – I
Anoestrus Animals
(Treatment : Receptal, 5 ml, I/m)
Group of
Animals
Animals
Treated
Animals
Conceived
Treatment 32 25
(78.12 %)
Control 24 10
(41.66 %)
Anoestrus Animals
100 10088.89
58.33
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
1 2
Treatment group Control group
No
. o
f an
imals
No. of animals Animals responded Animals conceived
78.12
41.25
Technical Report : GAU, Anand.
Group – II
Sub-oestrus animals
(Treatment : Lutalyse, 5 ml, I/m)
Group of Animals Animals Treated Animals Conceived
Treatment 30 21
(70.00 %)
Control 20 07
(35.00 %)
Sub-oestrus Animals
100 100
83.33
41.6735.00
70.00
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
1 2
Treatment group Contrl group
No
. o
f an
imals
No. of animals Animals responded Animals conceived
Progesterone and Fertility
Progesterone (ng/ml)
In pregnant animals – 4.16 + 0.76
In non-pregnant animals – 2.21 + 0.19
Average concentration of progesterone in both groups
was non-significant up to 7th week post-partum,
thereafter it showed increasing trend in pregnant
group of animals.
Impacts of the Project
1. Economic Impact
Inter-calving Period :
Treatment groups Vs Control groups.
Group Inter-calving
Period
Advantage in
days
GnRH-T 418 days 48 Days
GnRH-C 466 days
PGF2α-T 380 days 48 Days
PGF2α-C 428 days
Economic Impact
Av. Maintenance Cost:
@ Rs.50/- per day/animal
GROSS SAVINGS:
Rs.50/- X 48 Days =Rs.2,400/-
LESS:
Cost of Services & Treatment Rs.400/-
NET GAIN:
Rs,2,000/-PER LACTATION
Economic Impact
Gujarat state has
Approx. 22.5 lacs breedable Surti buffaloes (Govt. of Gujarat, 1999-2000)
30 % (6.75 lacs) of these buffaloes
– Always Pregnant
With 10.00% (0.675 lac) adoption of the technology
0.675 lac buffaloes x advantage
@ Rs. 2000/- per animal per lactation
Total benefit of the technology
Can be estimated at
Approx. Rs. 13.50 crores annually
Economic Impact
An improvement in Conception Rate
to the Tune of 50 %
was observed as compared to Control Group
Conception Rate
• Groups T C
• GnRH 78.25 37.50
• PGF2 a 83.33 35.00
Other Impacts
a. Most common infertility problems like post-partum anoestrus and suboestrus conditions in Buffaloes were minimized in experimental animals.
b. Calving interval in Buffaloes has been optimized to an ideal period of 13 to 14 months.
c. Service period in buffaloes has been shortened.
d. No. of Calves born during the life span of the animal will increase.
e. Milk production of the animals will increase.
Package of Practices for Field
Veterinarians
1. Monitoring of Post-partum period through Sexual Health Control Programme.
2. Post-partum animals should be examined through rectal palpation for resumption of Ovarian cyclicity.
3. Cyclic/Sub-oestrus animals should be induced to oestrus through luteolysis. Contd.,
Package of Practices for Field
Veterinarians (Contd.,)
4. Post-partum anoestrus animals should be induced to
oestrus through supplementation of Gonadotropin
releasing hormone.
5. The owner should be advised to detect oestrus and
timely breeding subsequent to treatment.
6. Pregnancy diagnosis should be carried out by 42– 45
days, so that, non-pregnant animals can be brought to
cyclicity and be bred at the earliest.
Dissemination
Veterinarians working with various Government agencies like
– Veterinary Polyclinics
– ICDPs
– Key Village Schemes
– Co-operative Dairies
should be given refresher training giving emphasis for Reproductive Health check-up in the seventh week
post-partum and explaining the benefits to the farmers for adoption of the technology for Early Conception &
Optimizing inter-calving period.
Package of Practices for Farmers
1. The Dairy farmers will be informed about the
importance of better management of post-partum period to avail the advantage of the technology with the help of Veterinarians.
2. The farmers will be explained regarding the economic return due to early conception and shortening inter-calving period to the optimum.
3. Educating the farmers for maintenance of Reproductive Records.
4. Educating the farmers for improving heat detection practices and timely breeding.
5. Explaining the farmers regarding early pregnancy diagnosis for detecting non-pregnant animals so that they can be treated and conceived at an early date.
Degree of Acceptance by Dairy Farmers
A survey was carried out in surrounding villages of
Anand.
Nearly 60.00 % of the progressive dairy farmers and
40.00 % of small and marginal dairy farmers are ready to
adopt this technology.
Bridging the Gaps due to Research Outcome
• Through various agencies, the gap between the animal
owner, field Veterinarian and the Scientist can be
reduced and the Lab to land programme can be
implemented effectively.
Progesterone (ng/ml) (Mean + SE )
Anoestrus Buffaloes Sub-oestrus Buffaloes
GnRH 0.89 + 0.04 PGF 1.26 + 0.06
GnRH-T 0.88 + 0.05 PGF-T 1.39 + 0.07*
GnRH-C 0.91 + 0.07 PGF-C 1.06 + 0.09
GnRH-T-P 0.95 + 0.06* PGF-T-P 1.58 + 0.09*
GnRH-T-NP 0.63 + 0.08 PGF-T-NP 0.90 + 0.10
GnRH-C-P 0.76 + 0.08 PGF-C-P 0.65 + 0.11
GnRH-C-NP 1.01 + 0.10 PGF-C-NP 1.29 + 0.12 *