Monash Sustainable Energy Day

Australia’s Greenhouse EmissionsRenewable Energy Markets and Opportunities

Outline

Australia’s Greenhouse Emissions Profile Policy Developments Electricity Consumption Trends Electricity’s Greenhouse Contribution Australian RE Programs International Targets for Renewable Energy

Australia’s GH Emissions, 1999

93.873.9

30.9 9.7 16

259.8

-25.9

71.7

-500

50100150200250300

Million

Tonnes CO2-

equivalent

Trends

Greenhouse Emissions by Sector

Land Use Change (incl land clearing)

18.0%

Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing15.1%

Mining (Export Coal Mining)4.1%

Mining (Iron Ore)0.6%

Mining (Other)1.9%

Manufacturing27.8%

Construction1.1%

Water and Sewerage0.4%

Commercial and Services4.9%

Households13.1%

All Passenger Transport11.6%

Other1.5%

Policy Developments

Federal Policy Developments Not committed to ratifying Kyoto Protocol Climate Change partnership with USA Still funding AGO and associated programs

State Gov Policy Developments NSW EPA released draft guidelines for EIA’s VIC EPA - Greenhouse emissions part of licence

compliance (existing licences & works approvals) QLD EPA - developing guidelines for same WA EPA - released guidelines and may veto projects

Policy Developments

State Gov - Dedicated Departments Mix of responsibilities NSW (SEDA, MEU, EPA) VIC (SEAV, DNRE, EPA)

Did You Know ?

Did you know ?

There is enough Brown Coal burnt in Victoria to fill the MCG every a) Day? b) Week? c) Month?

Ans = (b)

GH Emissions of Electricity

Electricity contributes 172 Million Tonnes CO2e p.a. in Australia

Equivalent to 37.5%37.5% of Australia’s Emissions

Electricity Trends

221

254

206199193

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

2000 2001 2002 2005 2010

'000 G

Wh / a

nnum

Act

ual

Forecast electricity generation

Source: Electricity Australia 2001, ESAA

Electricity by Fuel Type

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

NS

W

VIC

QLD S

A

WA

TA

S

NT

SM

A

'00

0 M

W I

nsta

lle

d

Non-grid

Dual fuel

Hydro

Oil

Gas

Coal

Installed capacity by fuel type - 2000

Source: Electricity Australia 2001, ESAA

International Competitiveness

11.2 11.010.3 10.3 9.8

9.1 8.9 8.6 8.4

6.7 6.4 6.2

15.8

0

5

10

15

20 It

aly

Ko

rea

Be

lgiu

m

Po

rtug

al

Uni

ted

Kin

gd

om

Ire

land

Gre

ece

Fra

nce

Sp

ain

Ge

rma

ny

Ca

nad

a

AU

ST

RA

LIA

Fin

land

Source: Tariff Network of Experts, UNIPEDE, January 2001AUD$ - c/kWh Industrial

International electricity prices - January 2001 industrial

Electricity GH Trends

Electricity consumption rising Largest contributor to emissions - 37.5% in 1999 Emissions increase by 33% over 1990 levels One plank of strategy - Renewable Energy Others include:

Generator Efficiency standards Demand Side Management (energy efficiency) MEPS - appliances, hot water heaters, etc. Cogen? Emissions Trading, Others?

Renewable Energy Programs

MRET, 2%, 9500 GWh Green Power GH Friendly Electricity Others - RRPGP, REID, Grants, Subsidies (SHW, PV Rebate),

etc

MRET

Required GWh of Renewable Source Electricity

Year Required Additional GWh

2001 300

2002 1100

2003 1800

2004 2600

2005 3400

2006 4500

2007 5600

2008 6800

2009 8100

2010 andlater years

9500

MRET

Original Intent 2% Now likely to be 0.5% Cost $30-$40 / MWh for 0.5% of wholesale electricity

purchases Target review 2003

International Targets

Today 2010 AEA’s View ANZSES

Cogeneration Targets

Australia 5% No Target 10%

UK 7% 11%

EU 10% 18%

Germany 10% 20%

Renewable Targets (excl Lge Scale Hydro) No officialposition

Australia 1% 1.5% 6% 6% + Portfolio?

UK 2% 9%

EU 4% 9%

Germany 5% 10%

Solar House Day

September 8th 2002

Guided Tours of Some of Australia and New Zealand’s Most Energy Efficient Homes.

(Volunteers Required !!)