Molecular Formula and the Degree of Unsaturation
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Transcript of Molecular Formula and the Degree of Unsaturation
Molecular Formula and the Degree of Unsaturation
molecular formula = CnH2n+2 – 2 hydrogens for every π bond or ring
degree of unsaturation = the total numbers of π bonds and rings
Compounds with Molecular Formula = C8H14
CnH2n+2 = C8H18
Therefore, C8H14 has two degrees of unsaturation.
compounds with six hydrogens and two degrees of unsaturation
Saturated and Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
Saturated hydrocarbons have no double bonds.
Unsaturated hydrocarbons have one or more double bonds.
Nomenclature of Alkenes
Replace “ane” of alkane with “ene.”
The functional group gets the lowest possible number.
Stereoisomers are Named Using a cis or trans Prefix
Nomenclature of Dienes
two double bonds = diene
Number in the direction so that the functional group gets the lowest number.
Nomenclature of Alkenes
Substituents are stated in alphabetical order.
Nomenclature of Alkenes
Nomenclature of Alkenes
Nomenclature of Cyclic Alkenes
A number is not needed to denote the position of the functional group;
it is always between C1 and C2.
Nomenclature of Alkenes
Nomenclature of Alkenes
Vinylic and Allylic Carbons
vinylic carbon: the sp2 carbon of an alkene
allylic carbon: a carbon adjacent to a vinylic carbon