Molecular breeding for enhanced food quality in oat · Molecular breeding for enhanced food quality...
Transcript of Molecular breeding for enhanced food quality in oat · Molecular breeding for enhanced food quality...
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Molecular breeding for enhanced food quality in oat
Olof OlssonDepartment of Pure and Applied Biochemistry
Lund UniversityBox 124
SE 22100 LundSweden
Email: [email protected]
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Mutagenesis has
become popular during recent years
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Increase variation in elite market varietiesCreates variation without a loss of domesticated genesVery powerful in combination with high precision selection methods (molecular or biochemical)Possible to use sophisticated screens since the number of required analysis goes down with increased variation
Mutation breeding; advantages
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Mutation frequency ca 1/30000 bp
i.e. every single plant carries ca 1 million mutations
In total more than 2 billion mutations in the population of ca 2400 lines (M5)
Ca 5% of the plants show visible phenotypes
Oat mutagenised population
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TILLING-population in the field
Most plant look normal
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Screening possibilities
From Sikora et al, 2011
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Development of a ß-glucanminiassay
Powder from a few or single seeds was assayed by a modified Megazyme assay (industrial standard for ß-
glucan)
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% ß-glukan
ß-glucan levels in 1700 random lines
The variation is very high
Starting value (4,9%)
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Highest and lowest lines
Lines selected for further study in red
Low; 1,8%
High; 7,8%
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Low lines Belinda High lines
7.1%3.6%1.9% 7.2% 7.8%4.9%
Localisation of ß-glucans in oat seeds
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Zooming in on high and low lines
Longitudinal sections (partial)For more details, see poster P29; Sikora P. et al
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Continued project• Screening for oats with different or
very different ß-glucan quality
• Testing physiologic response (cholesterol lowering ability) of different ß-glucan qualities in a mouse model system
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Lignin assay
Normal value for Belinda is 41 mg/g
30 lines under 30 mg/g
15 lines over 60 mg/g
520 random lines tested
Characterisationof lignin quality
High; 63 mg/gLow; 20 mg/g
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Total protein levels in 750 lines determined by an elemental analyzer (N)
Starting value (11.7%) Top line so far over 22% protein
Next - study 2D gel pattern, aa composition, proportion of globular proteins, regulation, reological properties, etc
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Sapponins
Belinda
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Orbitrap MS analysis of a non-polar extract of Belinda seeds
Two different seedsGood reproducibility
Sample 1
Sample 2
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Identification of the ß-sitosterol peak
Fragment of sitosterol (loss of OH)Verified by LC/MS
(chromatographic separation)!
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Relative ß-sitosterol levels in 1000 random lines
Starting value (205 units)
Min (28 units)
Max (386 units)
Range from less than half to double normal levels. Variation is very high!
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The high resolution of the orbitrap makes it possible to separate nearly all the peaks
We converted more than 700 well separated peaks to numerical values. We then compiled spectra from all 1000 samples into one
graph
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1000 data points for each peak.Variation is very big within each peakMutant lines extreme in any peak can be visualisedThe corresponding peak can then be identified (MS)
Example of a dot-plot (70 peaks)
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Other projects
• Abiotic stress (cold tolerance)See poster p30; Chawade A. et al
• Fusarium resistanceSee poster p31; Olsson J. et al
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Conclusion
• We have produced a mutagenisedpopulation of oat with a very high variation
• With the appropriate assay we most likely can identify lines weaker or stronger in any character we are looking for!
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• AdvantageGives trait directly.
Variety developmentSince both high and low lines are identified, a ”model system” to study the mechanisms behind the trait is created
Basic science
• DisadvantageSpecific SNPs correlated to the phenotype (trait) has to be identified before molecular marker assisted selection can take place
Phenotypic screening
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From phenotype to genotypeRaw mRNA
sequences (ESTs)
ClusteringAssembly
Gene annotationTranscriptome analysis
Gene regulationPathway modelling, etc
Sequencing mutated lines
Useful biological
information
Presently we have ca 181
million reads in total ca
17,1 gbases
To more efficiently couple mutations to phenotype it would be good to
have the entire genome sequence for Belinda
micro-RNA sequences
Presently we have ca 142 million reads
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Genome size (1C) in chosen organisms
Oat (~13 Gbp)
Human (3.2 Gbp)
Rice (430 Mbp)
Arabidopsis (157 Mbp)
Drosophila (130 Mbp)
I.e. the total genome size of oat is 26 billion bp or more than 8 times
the human genomeTo complicate things further, oat
has three different genomes AACCDD and lots of repetitive DNA
Can the genome from hexaplod oat be sequenced with todays technology?MaybeCan it be done with tomorrows technology?Definitely
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Coworkers and collaborators (oat project)• ß-glucan; Per Sikora (grad stud), Negar Kavoosi (pre grad stud),
Dr. Susan Tosh, Canada, Swedish Oat Fiber AB, Aventure AB, CropTailor AB
• Protein; Bindu Sunilkumar (grad stud), Prof. Björn Bergenståhl, LU, Dr Lars Nilsson LU, Prof. Rickard Öste, Prof. Ana Racon, Aventure AB
• Lipids; Dr Aakash Chawade (researcher), Prof. Thomas Moritz (UPSC, Umeå), Dr. Angeliki Triantafyllou, Oatly AB, Dr Nils-Christian Afseth, Nofima, Bente Kirkhus, Nofima
• Lignin; Dr. Vivek Vivekanand, UMB, Norway, Dr. Mikael Larsson (Chalmers, Gothenburg)
• Sapponins; Dr. Oswaldo Hernandez (postdoc), Prof. Anders Jonsson (SLU), Tova Andersson, (pre grad stud)
• Avenanthramides; Prof Olov Sterner, Narda Blanco, OswaldoHernandez
• Winter oat; Dr. Aakash Chawade, Dr. Angelica Lindlöf, CropTailorAB
• Fusarium; Johanna Olsson CropTailor AB, Per Fahlberg (grad stud) GU, Dr Mats X Andersson, GU