CONTENTSsite.ieee.org/comsoc-ahsn/files/2016/11/2015V1-2.pdf · Mohamed Fathy Feteiha, Queen’s...

Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks Technical Committee Newsletter (AHSN TCN)

AHSNTC Newsletter Vol. 1 No. 8

Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks Technical

Committee Newsletter (AHSN TCN)

http://ahsntc.com/

CONTENTS

PREFACE………………………………….…….…1

TCOFFICERSANDNEWSLETTEREDITORS…………………………………………...2

NEWSARTICLERELATEDTOAHSNTCTOPICS……...……………………………………...3

PREFACE

The IEEE ComSoc Ad Hoc and SensorNetworks Technical Committee (AHSN TC)aims at sponsoring scientific and technicalactivities facilitating the dissemination ofknowledge in the areas of ad hoc, sensorandmeshnetworks. Inanattempttomakeall the TC members as well as the AHSNworldwide community aware of what isgoingonwithinourmainareasofconcerns,this newsletter had been set up. Thenewsletter aims at inviting the authors of

successful research projects and expertsfromallaroundtheworldwithlargevisionabout AHSN-related research activities toshare their experience and knowledge bycontributing in short news. So, the eightissue of the AHSN TC Newsletter featuresonehighqualitynewsitemgentlyprovidedbyTarekBouali(U.Burgundy,France),SidiMohammedSenouci(U.Burgundy,France),Michele Albano (CISTER/ISEP, Portugal),ArthurLallet(AirbusDS,France),andFaridBenbadis (Thales, France).We thank themaswell as all the previous contributors fortheir effort to make this newslettersuccessfultowardsfulfillingitsobjectives.

NewsletterCo-editorsYacineGhamriDoudane,UniversityofLa

Rochelle,France(EiC)Sidi-MohammedSenouci,Universityof

Burgundy,France(Co-EiC)MohamedFathyFeteiha,Queen’s

University,CanadaBurakKantarci,UniversityofOttawa,

CanadaDamlaTurgut,UniversityofCentralFlorida,

U.S.A.



TCOFFICERSANDNEWSLETTEREDITORS

TC Officers Names Affiliation E-mail

NeiKato TohokuUniversity,Japan [email protected]

JalelBenOthman UniversityofParis13,France [email protected]

ChengLi MemorialUniversityofNewfoundland,Canada

[email protected]

Editor-in-Chief Names Affiliation E-mail

YacineGhamriDoudane UniversityofLaRochelle,France [email protected]

Co-Editor-in-Chief Names Affiliation E-mail

Sidi-MohammedSenouci UniversityofBurgundy,[email protected]

Co-Editors Names Affiliation E-mail

MohamedFathyFeteiha Queen’sUniversity,Canada [email protected]

BurakKantarci UniversityofOttawa,Canada [email protected]

DamlaTurgut UniversityofCentralFlorida,U.S.A. [email protected]



NEWSRELATEDTOAHSNTC

Platform for Smart Car-to-Car Communication TarekBouali*,SidiMohammedSenouci*,MicheleAlbano˫,ArthurLallet±,Farid

Benbadis#

*DRIVEEA1859,Univ.BourgogneFrancheComté,F58000,NeversFrance{Tarek.Bouali,Sidi-Mohammed.Senouci}@u-bourgogne.fr

˫CISTER/INESC-TEC,ISEP,PolytechnicInstituteofPorto,Portugal,[email protected]:±AirbusD&S1boulevardJeanMoulinZACLaClefSaint-Pierre78996Elancourt

CedexFrance,[email protected]#ThalesCommunicationsandSecurity,Genneviliers

[email protected]

Abstract

Modernvehiclesarelikeafour-wheelscomputerwhichmaintenancerequiresmorecomputerskills than use of hammers, screwdrivers and spanners. Vehicles are aware of not only theiroperationalstatebutalsotheirsurroundingsthroughsensors,radarsandGPScapabilities.Thenewest trend is to allow vehicles to exchange information thus making them networking.Therefore, the need for software-intensive in-vehicle applications and services is obvious.CarCoDe European project is the ICT experts’ response to develop a software platform forautomotivedomain,whichevokesthegenerationof thetrafficservicedomainecosystem.Theproject, mainly, aims to build cross-platform software enablers to support development ofcooperative in-vehicle services. Therefore, cooperation between various tools (automotive,sensorsandsoftwaresystems)shouldbeestablishedtoallowthirdpartydevelopersgeneratenewinnovativeapplications.Inthisbriefarticle,weprovidethemainCarCoDegoals,depictitsarchitectureandhighlightpotentialachievementsandrealizations.

1. Introduction Car-to-car (C2C) and car-to-infrastructure (C2I) communication and its support systemshave progressed slowly both in standardization and in the automotive industry. Meanwhile,moreandmoreelectronicdevicesandsystemshavebeenbroughttovehicles,especiallytotheprofessional sector, e.g. to taxis, trucks, excavators, or forest harvesters and forwarders. Acommon wireless band for IEEE802.11p/WAVE [1] systems was reserved recently both inEurope and in the U.S. but we still may need to wait for years before its deployment reallybegins. Currently, there is room for research and new innovation as none of the proposedapproaches to C2C or C2I have reached wide acceptance or strong role in the market. Thewireless communication of on-board vehicle systems and roadside stationsmay be based onalternativetechnologies.Currently,IEEE802.11phasstrongpublicsupportfortheshortrangewhilecellularsystems,4GandLTE[2]arepotentiallong-rangesolutions.Ofthese,LTEmaygeta stronger role soon and it could replace all others. Anyway, for offering appropriate userexperience,on-boardsystems invehiclesshouldutilizedifferent radiosystemsefficientlyandseamlessly. ForthepotentialapplicationsoftheEuropeanprojectCarCoDe(2013-2015)thefieldisalsoquite open: the proliferation of electronics in automobiles has produced a huge volume ofsensordatawithin thecontextof internalandexternalvehiclecommunication.The in-vehiclecomputingcapabilityincreaseinstorageandprocessingcanbeexploitedtoofferinterfacesfor



vehicle driver and passengers to view and interact with this data. In the same trend ofinnovation, the combination of vehicle sensing and computing resources with wirelesscommunicationsenablestelemetricservicesalsoforremotediagnostics,fleetmanagementandtrafficmonitoringthatcanprovidebenefitstodrivers,fleetmanagersandpublicorganisationstoimprovetheirmaintenanceoperation,supportservicesandmissioncriticalassignments.Butproblemsstillexistinexploitingthesecomputingcapabilitiesanddataprocessing:

(i) Accessingtheessentialdataisnoteasyandassessingthestatusandoperatingconditionof vehicles as well as installed aftermarket equipment is not efficient. This leads tosituation where the owner of a vehicle may be unaware of conditions requiringmaintenance, which may cause operating a vehicle with impending failures that canexacerbate the problem, leading tomore costly repairs, downtime andmajor capitallossaswellassafetyconcernsfordriversandothermotorists,

(ii) Exploitingeasilytheoperationalstatusofvehiclefleetisrarelyofferedandleadstomanyerrorsofassessments.Collectingmaintenanceandoperatingcostsinformationis not often a reliable process and often information is lost. This can affectpurchasing and scheduling decisions and may impact the readiness of the vehiclefleet,

(iii) The security of embedded platforms is not adequate. A wide range of services ispotentially interconnected in thecarbut theyhaveverydifferentprotection levels.Moreover, most of them are reachable by the air, so that their (potential)vulnerabilitiescanbeexploitedwithoutphysicalcontact.

In addition, the lack of effective basic set of applications for cooperation between services,systems, and applications is a main road-block for the development and integration of newvehicleservicesinteractionsinC2Xoperations.WeintendintheframeworkofCarCoDeprojecttofillthisinstrumented,interconnectedandintelligentproductsandservicesbothforon-boardandoff-boarddiagnostics,inrelationwithmaintenancesystemsandsupportservices.

TheITEA2CarCoDeproject isbriefly introducedinSectionIIalongwithadefinitionof thegoals defined to be fulfilled. After this, in Section IIIwe highlight the project architecture. InSection IV,we go through the demonstrators developed along the project.We concludewithSectionVwhereweoutlinefuturetechnologicalsteps.

2. Projectgoals

CarCoDe (Platform for Smart Car to Car Content Delivery) is the ICT experts’ response todevelop a software platform for the automotive domain that evokes the generation of thetraffic-servicedomainecosystem.Theprojectbenefitsfromtheincreasingdevelopmentintheautomotive area regarding communication technologies and embedded devices for datacollectiontodevelopaplatformthatoffersthepossibilityof inter-operabilityandcooperationofdifferenttools(automotive,devices,software,etc.).Thedevelopedplatformenablescriticalmass for large data usage and collection, supports the seamless use of alternativecommunication technologies andeases the exchangeanduseof essential informationquicklyandautomatically.Providedinformationareusedtoenhancetrafficsafety,providegooddrivingconditions, better physical environment and response to emergencies and offer moreentertainment for travellers.Themaingoalsdefinedby theCarCoDeproject aredescribedasfollows:

• Offersecure facilities forasafe, fastandefficientshareof information inthevehicularnetwork allowing measurements taking in real-time and favoring city traffic andpollution.Thisopensopportunitiestodevelopreal-timeservicestoeasethemonitoringofvehiclesinternalstatusandinteractionofthedriverwithitsenvironment,

• Enable the use of various available communication technologies based on a seamlessand smooth handoverwithin vehicles' on-board units. Developed techniques that arecopmliantwiththeETSICALM(CommunicationsAccessforLandMobiles)standard[3]inorder tobeable tomanagemultipleaccessmediums(Wi-Fi,WAVE,2G/4G/4G,UMTS,



etc.)inon-boardunits(OBU)toalwaysbenefitfromthealwaysbest-connectednetworkcharacteristics,

• Enablevehicleswithdisruptednetwork links tocommunicateandexchangedatawithother vehicles and the infrastructure by providing services compatibles with delaytolerantnetworksandwithdirectcommunicationsbetweenvehicles,

• Enhancedata collection, analysisandsecuritywithinvehicularnetworksbyprovidingnew routing protocols, security frameworks and techniques for data processing andanalysisinthevehicle'son-boardunitandinfrastructure,

• Develop new efficient services and solutions for public safety, traffic monitoring, cardiagnostics,datasharingbetweennodesandmarketing.Theseservicesarebasedonthecontinuousandsecureexchangeandanalysisofdatafromthevehicularenvironment,

• Support and enhance the deployment and use of content-centric networkingarchitectures,

• Provideanopenplatform,whichisinteroperableandabletosupportnewdevelopmentandintegrationofservicesandapplicationsbyexternaldevelopersandspecialists.

3. Projectarchitecture

CarCoDehave inherited fromthevehicularnetworkarchitecture tobuildan interoperableplatformtosupportITS-applications[4].Therefore,theprojectincludesvehiclesmovinginthenetwork, infrastructure and a background server. Vehicles are equipped with embeddedsensors,adisplayunit(embeddedscreenorSmartphone)andanIn-VehicleInfotainment(IVI)system. Sensors communicate their collected information to a data analysis and aggregationunitviatheOBU.Thisunitisusedtostoredataanddisplaythemonthescreen,orsendthemthroughoneofthebestcommunicationmediumsavailableviatheOBU(WAVE/DSRC,4G,LTE,etc.). A vehicle can communicate with another one directly in a peer-to-peer manner (C2C)usingIEEE802.11p,ortotheinfrastructureusinganywirelesscommunicationtechnology.

The infrastructure could be of different types and supports various communicationcapabilities;aroadsideunit(RSU)isabletocommunicatewithvehiclesinanopportunisticandshort range mode based on IEEE802.11p/WAVE capability, a base station (BS) handlescommunications fromvehicles connectedviaWi-Fi andeNodeBexchangesdatawithvehicleswhichhave3G/4GorLTEcapabilities.Infrastructuresaremainlydeployedinfixedpositionsinthevehicularnetworkand represent the convergencemediumusedbyvehicles to send theirdata to the background server. They are connected to the server eitherwirelessly or using awiredlink.

Thebackground server represents thehigher authority andglobalmonitoring entitywiththehighestprivileges intheCarCoDearchitecture. Itholdsall thedatacollectedfromvehiclesand exchanged with the infrastructure. It has in charge the data storage and analysis andservices enabling. In fact, all data are analyzed in this server depending on the applicationrequirementsandservicesareenabledtoclientsviaasecureserviceenabler.

CarCoDe architecture is detailed by Figure 1 where all involved components andstakeholders should cooperate to collect real-time information to offer themost efficient andreliableservicestopotentialclients(driver,passengers,police,fire-fighter,fleetmanager,etc.).



Figure1:CarCoDeArchitecture

4. Demonstrators ThissectionisdevotedtodescribesomeofthedevelopeddemonstratorsduringtheCarCoDeproject,whichconsist inapplicationscomplyingwiththeproposedarchitectureandaremorelikelyrelatedtopublicsafety,cityparkingandremotecardiagnostic.

A. Publicsafety:ItineraryPlanning ItineraryPlanningisanapplicationservicedevelopedtoallowapotentiallyhugenumberofusers to plan their route. It is very beneficial for individuals and companies owning fleets ofvehicles, to decrease their expenses and preserve the environment by providing the mosteconomic itinerary for a trip. Fire-fighters and police agents also benefit greatly from thisservice when planning tracking and rescuemissions. The proposed service is based on datacollectionfromdifferentsourcesandtheiranalysistoprovidethebestitinerarytoadestination.Therefore,informationaboutroadtopologies,weatherconditions,trafficandvehicle'sinternaldiagnosticsaregatheredandanalyzedtocalculatethefuelconsumptionofavehicle fromonepointtoanother.For fire-fightersandpoliceagents,dataarealsoanalyzedtoofferthefastestroute to an incident scene. In some cases, the emergency services can also have an onboardsignalling system which changes the traffic lights in a favourable way for the emergencyvehicles to pass, and whichmust be taken into account as an influence on the environmentwhile planning the itinerary. The background server, which has access to other informationsources in the Internetandalso responsibleof thestorageandmanagementofdatacollectedfrommoving vehicles, offers the application service. The application is accessible viamobileequipments (e.g. smart phone, tablet, etc.) using an application interface where informationabouttripandpassengersareintroducedtobesentinarequesttothebackgroundserver.Theclientdoesnot require Internet connection tobenefit from the servicebecauseall computingcomplexities are handled by the server, which hasmore privileges and amore general viewaboutthenetwork.B. Public safety: AVL, video transmission and Public Safety LTE/3G access demonstrator This demonstrator enables the enhanced AVL (Automatic Vehicle Location) service, videotransmissionandPublicSafetyLTE/3Gaccess.TheAVLprovidesthevehicle locationwiththeCANbusdata such as the vehicle speed and sensor values. The video transmission enables acontrol room operator to receive the live video from the public safety vehicle through theLTE/3GnetworkandInternet.Thisdemonstratorismadeofthefollowingcomponents:VehicleequippedwitharuggedPC,avideosystemfor livevideo transmissionandvideorecording,aBroadbandVehicularRouterwithhigh-powermodem thatoperates in the400MHz spectrumandwhich is fully compliant with the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) LTE (Long



TermEvolution),anOBUallowsthemonitoringandremotecontrolofthevehiclesystemsandsensors.ALTEnetworkisalsodeployedinthisdemonstratorandprovideswideareawirelessnetworkcoverageforthepublicsafetyvehicles.AControlRoomApplicationisusedtoprovideavideoviewingandrecordingandamappingapplicationwithvehiclepositionandCANdata.C. City parking Passivetraffic,whichisthevehiculartrafficcausedbythesearchesforfreeparkingspaces,leads to a strong increase of the total traffic in cities. In fact, recent studies [5] showed thatsearching for free parking spaces in cities takes 6 to 14minutes. Compared to typical travellengths inurbanscenarios, thedrawnconclusion is thatsearching foraparkingspacegreatlycontributes to fuel consumption, to pollution and to the hours lost by driverswhen runningtheirerrandsinthecity.Nowadays,anumberofstrategieshavebeendevelopedtoreducethetime/fuelspentsearchingforaparkingspace[6]andsomestrategiesleverageonICTsystemsto collect real-time data about parking space usage. The scenario targeted by the applicationserviceCityParking(CP)aimstoreducethepassivetraffic.Thecomplexityof thisapplicationservicemainlyresides in itsserversidewithin thebackgroundserversinceboth theOBU-CP,whichrunsontheOBU,andtheEXT-CP,whichrunsonexternalentitiessuchasparkinglots,arestraightforward. The CP application service considers instrumenting a reasonable number ofparkinglotsandroadsideparkingspacesandcomputingtheprofileoftheirutilizationindexedbydate,time,location,kindofparkingspace,price,etc.Lateron,thisserviceusestheprofiletoforecast the presence of free parking spaces in a specific area. So, when a driver requests aparkingspaceclosetoadestination,heisinformedaboutthemostprobablelocationstofindafreeparkingspacethatrespondstohisqueryintermsofhourlycost,maximumdistancefromthedestination,etc.D. Remote car diagnostic Remote Car Diagnostics (RCD) is an application service offering to its clients an onlinemonitoringsystemthattakescareofnotifyingandpredictingmalfunctioningofthevehicle.TheRCDapplicationserviceismainlycomposedbyalogicalpartrunninginthebackgroundserverandanOBU-RCDpart,whichisinternaltothevehiclesonboardunit.TheOBUiscontinuouslyqueryingsensorsembeddedinthevehiclethroughacommunicationCANbustocollectahigh-fidelity viewof the scenario athand.Collecteddata are transferred to thebackground serverthrough anM2Mplatform to be analyzed, stored and used by theRCD application service tobuildprofilesabout the functioningofdifferentbrands/kindsofvehicles thatare inahealthycondition. In themeantime, the RCD application service analyzes the distance of the currentvehicle's behaviour from its 'healthy' profile to predict potential malfunctioning and suggestmaintenance operations to the user. Moreover, the application service will take care ofcontactingtowtrucks/ambulanceswhenaseriousproblemoccurs.

E. DTN data transmission in vehicular context

In the scope of the Remote Car Diagnostic (RCD) demonstrator, we have used a contentdissemination and synchronisation framework (FeedSync1) capable of handling contenttransfer indelay/disruption tolerantnetworks.For thispurpose,wehave integrated theRCDsystemtothisframework,whichhasallowedustotransferdatafromavehicletothebackendserver,byroutingthecontentthroughothervehiclesandroadsideunit.Forthispurpose,theintegration required to add a FeedSync proxy on each vehicle and to bridge it with a DTNmodule. The FeedSync proxy stores the content and transmits to the DTN module, whichencapsulatesthecontent inDTNbundlesandroutesittootherDTNnodes.Whenreceivedbyother DTN nodes, the samemodule handles bundling decapsulation and transmission to thenextFeedSyncproxy.Whenaroadsideunitreceivesthecontent,ittransfersittotheremotecardiagnosticserver.

1 Submitted paper currently under revision.



5. Conclusion The CarCoDe project provides a new platform for secure and efficient vehicularcommunications and data gathering and analysis, thus fitting the increasing requirements ofITS-applications. The project enhances the cooperation between all vehicular networkstakeholdersandinvestigatesnewsolutionstoincreasethesecurityandcomfortofdriversandpassengersbyexploitingnewequipmentsandtechnologies.Thedevelopedplatformsupportsandeasesthedevelopmentandexploitationofnewservicesandapplicationsbyexternalthirdparties.Newapplicationshavealsoseenthelightduringtheproject,whichmainlytargetpublicsafety,cityparkingandremotecardiagnostics.

References[1]A.AbdelgaderMSandW.Lenan.ThePhysicalLayeroftheIEEE802.11pWAVECommunication

Standard:TheSpecificationsandChallenges.October2014.[2]R.Ferrus,O.Sallent,G.Baldini,andL.Goratti.Lte:thetechnologydriverforfuturepublicsafety

communications.CommunicationsMagazine,IEEE,51(10):154–161,October2014.[3]Etsien402665.IntelligentTransportSystems(ITS);CommunicationsArchitecture.1:1–44,2010.[4]K.KaminiandR.Koumar.VANETParametersandApplications:AReview.GlobalJournalofComputer

ScienceandTechnology,10(7):72–77,2010.[5]TStreetlineInc.Parkingdataandanalytics:Whatcanyourparkingspacestellyou?

https://eusmartcities.eu/sites/all/files/docs/bestpractice/Streetline[6]T.Litman.Parkingmanagement:strategies,evaluationandplanning.VictoriaTransportPolicyInst.

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