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Module Consolidation: Combining Safety-Critical Automation Applications With
Non-Critical Convenience Features
#EEwebinar
q This webinar will be available afterwards at www.designworldonline.com & email
q Q&A at the end of the presentation q Hashtag for this webinar: #EEwebinar
Before We Start
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Module Consolidation: Combining Safety-Critical Automation Applications With Non-Critical Convenience Features
Aimee Kalnoskas Editor
EE World Online
Patrick Shelly Senior Manager
Application Engineering Mentor Graphics Corp.
AndroidisatrademarkofGoogleInc.UseofthistrademarkissubjecttoGooglePermissions.LinuxistheregisteredtrademarkofLinusTorvaldsintheU.S.andothercountries.QtisaregisteredtrademarkofDigiaPlcand/oritssubsidiaries.AllothertrademarksmenConedinthisdocumentaretrademarksoftheirrespecCveowners.
mentor.com/automotive
Patrick Shelly Senior Manager, Application Engineering
Module Consolidation: Combining Safety-Critical Automotive Applications with Non-
Critical Convenience Features
Agenda n Challenges experienced by vehicle OEMs today n Current state of vehicle networks and E/E topology design n Some contemporary practical examples n Realization of a consolidated platform
Design World EE Network November 18, 2015 6
Addressing OEM Needs …
7
Reduce Cost / TCO
Performance & Quality
Re-Usability
Time to Market Safety
ISO 26262
Action Plan :
Consolidate ECUs
Use of complex SoCs
Reference Platforms
Open Source Software
Network Standards
Share Design Assets
AUTOSAR
Software Update Strategy
Network Architecture
Design World EE Network November 18, 2015
Increasing Vehicle Complexity
Up to 65 million lines of code, 30 million for the multimedia system
25 - 200 microprocessors
Recent high-end luxury car
ECU connections: 10 for FlexRay, 73 for CAN and 61 for LIN
Base vehicles employ 1,376 wires with a total length of 2,474 meters. A fully optioned vehicle requires 2,385 wires, with a total length of 4,293 meters (2.66 miles).
500 LEDs are deployed, no light bulbs
100 motors in the interior Source: The Hansen Report on Automotive Electronics, July/August 2013
8 Design World EE Network November 18, 2015
Physical Diversity has emerged n Multiple network technologies have become established n Hierarchies have emerged to handle complexity, interconnectivity
Gateway ECU Gateway ECU
BACKBONE : FLEXRAY OR ETHERNET
CAN ETHERNET
Infotainment
Driver Information
ADAS Surround Camera
CAN LIN
9 Design World EE Network November 18, 2015
Physical Characteristics n Some winners emerging…
BUS CAN CAN FD* LIN FLEXRAY ETHERNET
Speed Up to 1 Mbps Up to 8 Mbps Up to 19.2 Kbps 10 Mbps Up to 1 Gbps
Cable Type Twisted Pair 5V Twisted Pair 5V Single Wire 12V 2 or 4 Wires One or more Twisted Pair
Cost $$ $$ $ $$$ $$
Applications ABS, Powertrain, Engine Control
Higher data capacity CAN applications
Electric Seats, Mirror, Tailgate
Steering, Traction Control, Active Suspension
IP Cameras, Radar, Infotainment
10 Design World EE Network November 18, 2015
Automotive Ethernet Applications (1 of 2) n Ethernet as backbone
— Faster communication amongst In-Vehicle controllers
— Cheap alternative to FlexRay
n Diagnostics and software
download — Diagnostic tester attached to
ECU using Ethernet
11 Design World EE Network November 18, 2015
Automotive Ethernet Applications (2 of 2) n Audio/video bridging (AVB)
— Cameras and radars connected to Head Unit
— Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS)
n Car2X — Car to car, car to
infrastructure, etc…
— Wi-Fi and IP communication — E.g.: collision avoidance
12 Design World EE Network November 18, 2015
AUTOSAR : Independent of the Physical Network
SWC
RTE
MCAL
BSW
Hardware
OS
SWC - Software Component, describes The ECU Function
RTE - Run-Time Environment, generated automatically to interconnect all SWCs
BSW – Basic Software has all services that run On a standard scheduler (OS)
MCAL – Microcontroller Abstraction Layer provides interface to hardware devices
MCU/SOC – Microcontroller from the semiconductor provider
Provided by Tier 1 / OEM Mentor Solution
Provided by Semiconductor Vendor
Mentor
13 Design World EE Network November 18, 2015
In the Past…
Application Software
Hardware
standardized
HW-specific
AUTOSAR OEM needs § Adaptive Cruise Control § Lane Departure
Warning § Advanced Front
Lighting System § Etc
Using standards § Communication Stack § OSEK § Diagnostics § CAN, FlexRay
Hardware
Software
AUTOSAR Principle
AUTOSAR Layered Architecture
Application Layer
Microcontroller
AUTOSAR Runtime Environment (RTE)
Service Layer
ECU Abstraction Layer
Microcontr. Abstraction Layer
Com
plex Device D
rivers
Boot- loader
LIN
System Services
Libs Memory
CRC
Com Services
WDG
Can
Fr
IOHWA
Eth
Fls
Eep
Can
Fr
Lin
GPT
Wdg
MC
U
Cor
e Ts
t
FlsT
st
Ram
Tst
Spi
Eth IC
U
AD
C
DIO
PWM
Port
E2E
CAL
BFX
EFX
IFL
MFL
MFX
IFX
ComM
EcuM WdgM
Ea
Fe e
MemIf
NvM
DEM
FIM
DET
IpduM
CanSM
CanNM CanT
P
CanIf CanTrc
v
FrNM
IoHwA
WdgIf
Lin SM
LinIf
FrTp
FrSM
FrTrcv
FrIf
XCP
Debug NM
NmIf DLT
CSM
StbM
BswM
EthSm
EthIf EthTrc
v
SoAd
UDPNM
DCM
LinTrcv
PduR
COM
IPv4 IPv6
OS
OS
OS
AUTOSAR Development Flow
ECU1 ECU2
SWC1
SWC2
SWC3
SystemDesign
SWC1
SWC2
SWC3
VFB
SWCDesign
VehicleView
EC
UView
ECU1
SWC1
SWC3
ECUConfiguraCon
RTE
BSW
ECU1
SWC1
SWC3
ECUExtract
CAN
Eth
AUTOSAR TCP/IP stack
AUTOSAR : Relationship with the 7-Layer ISO Model
n AUTOSAR versions 4.2.x support Ethernet ECUs
Layer5..7
Layer4
Layer3
Layer2
Layer1
IEEE802.1ASgPTP
gptpd
UDP UDP/TCP
UDP-NM SOME/IPSOME/IP-SD
ICMP
ARP
DHCP
IP
IEEEEthernetMAC+VLAN(802.1Q-2011,incl.Qav,Qat)
AutomotiveEthernetPhysicalLayer,i.e.OABRorRGTPE IEEE802.3PhysicalLayer(Ethernet)
IEEE1722AVTP
Mediaframework
AVB Command&control
RTE
17 Design World EE Network November 18, 2015
PRACTICAL EXAMPLES
18
Many new consumers of network bandwidth n INFOTAINMENT SYSTEMS
— Need high data-rate multi-media — Communication with other devices in the vehicle — Wi-Fi / Hotspot connectivity — CE Device integration
n ADAS — Image transmission — Status Messages
n DRIVER INFORMATION — Constant data updates from vehicle status — Multiple network touch points
Source : Courtesy ABI research
19 Design World EE Network November 18, 2015
IVI
IVI Head Units
• Linux Platforms • Advanced Audio and
Video • Application Integration • CE Device Integration
DRIVER INFO
Clusters (DIM)
• Digital Displays • Safety Certified • High Performance • Network Integration
ADAS
Driver Assistance
• DSP/Image Processing • Ethernet Networking • Multi-Core SoC support • AUTOSAR Interface
Characteristics of each domain
ECU
AUTOSAR / Legacy
• Mixed Topology, CAN, LIN, FlexRay, Ethernet
• ASIL and ISO 26262 support
• Legacy and AUTOSAR • Re-Use and mixed-
Vendor
MULTI-DOMAIN MULTI-TOPOLOGY CONNECTIVITY
20 Design World EE Network November 18, 2015
DIM
Physical versus Logical separation
IHU
Comms Interface
ADAS
Comms Interface
Comms Interface
n Current generation of designs uses physically separate ECUs
n Perceived inherent security with physical separation
n Individually support varying network connectivity (CAN, Ethernet, etc.)
Vehicle Network
21 Design World EE Network November 18, 2015
ECU Count in Cars : Its Stabilized
0%
5000%
10000%
15000%
2005 2010 2015 2020
■ Vehicle Safety ■ Driver Convenience ■ Performance ■ Emissions / Environment ■ Reliability
■ Exploit multi-core SoCs ■ Maintainability ■ Harness Costs ■ Manufacture and ■ Assembly Cost ■ Reliability
22 Design World EE Network November 18, 2015
Future Designs : Single SoC option
Comms Interface
New Questions Arising : n How is security maintained ? n How to share SoC resources
— CPU — GPU
n How to manage the inter-domain communication ?
n What is the optimum multi-core architecture ?
Multi-Core SoC
Software Platform
Vehicle Network
23 Design World EE Network November 18, 2015
Infotainment : What is in the stack?
Embedded Software Platform
SOC Choice
Applications
HMI OEM Control
Tier 1 & OEM Control
Tier 2 Supplier GENIVI OSS
BootLoader
Kernel
Middleware
Independent
24 Design World EE Network November 18, 2015
Driver Information : Handling digital information safely
Secure
Multi-Core SOC
Kernel
A9 A9
Kernel
Complex Logic
Complex Graphics Render
Safe Logic
Safe Graphics Render
Safe Graphics Driver
Non-Secure
n ASIL B logic and graphics survive in event of non-secure logic failure
n Complex and non-certified applications separated from safety-critical data
25 Design World EE Network November 18, 2015
Adding AUTOSAR Communication Stacks n Option 1 : “Bare-Metal” n AUTOSAR Communication Stack remains independent n Interdomain IPC used
— RPMsg — VirtIO
n Enables ECU to be AUTOSAR compliant
AUTOSAR
IHU / DIM / ADAS
A9 / A15 / Other M4
26 Design World EE Network November 18, 2015
AOL – AUTOSAR on Linux n Option 2 : AUTOSAR on Linux n AUTOSAR stack makes use of Linux
Kernel for services n Allow close coupling with ADAS/IHU
data requirements n Boot-time and security trade-offs
AUTOSAR
IHU / DIM / ADAS
A9 / A15 / Other
Linux Kernel
27 Design World EE Network November 18, 2015
Where to run AUTOSAR Comm Stack? VSTAR Stack
Advantage Disadvantage
On external MCU (e.g. V850)
• Fast Start-Up • Isolation
• Less Integrated • Additional component cost • Not making use of available cores on
SoC
On Linux • Easy integration / existing OS • Ethernet support exists • CAN can be ported onto Linux • Open OS platform
• Slower startup of AUTOSAR • Linux kernel may need adapting to
timing needs (pre-emptive, deterministic scheduling)
On internal core (e.g. M3, M4)
• Many heterogeneous SoCs have cores suitable for AUTOSAR
• Tight hardware integration
• Start up architecture / boot time. Special consideration needed
• Not proven in production yet
28 Design World EE Network November 18, 2015
Realization
29
AXSB – AUTOMOTIVE GRADE REFERENCE PLATFORM
n Automotive Grade Reference Platform — TI Jacinto 6 processor – 1 GHz , 760 Pin package — 2 GByte Dual 32 Bit DDR3L(1066) @ 533 MHz — TI WiLink8TM connectivity module — NXP Radio Tuner — Support for APIX2 and FPD-Link III — HDMI out for development
— 1 DIN mechanics — 8 Layer PCB — Chassis cooling provisions
— Automotive connectors — Automotive layout rules — Automotive-grade key components — Automotive power-supply (motor start/stop) — ESD protection for external interfaces
n Rapid prototyping and development
n Expansion modules for added functionality
n Customizability and scalability through design reuse
n HW & SW IP axsb.org
30 Design World EE Network November 18, 2015
Example Consolidation…
31
IVI Linux FastBoot
AUTOSARBSW & CAN
Stack on V850 Hypervisor (2xA15)
CAN Vehicle Simulator
Cluster Display
CAN BUS Linux/RTOS FastBoot
Infotainment Display
USB 2CAN
Sourcery Analyzer
USB
NTSC Camera Port
FM/AM Radio
Ethernet
RearView Camera
XS Trace
Phone Connectivity
(CarPlay, AndroidAuto, MirrorLink)
Design World EE Network November 18, 2015
Demonstration
Design World EE Network November 18, 2015 32
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designworldonline.com & email
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