MODERNISM AND POSTMODERNISM

CONTEXTUAL STUDIES RESEARCH

1850-1918

CONTEXTUAL STUDIES RESEARCH

• Start of the industrial revolution• agriculture, manufacturing, mining, transportation, and

technology • steam engine, steam powered ships and the railway.• big effect on peoples everyday lives

BEGINNING 19TH CENTURY

‘overwhelmed’ The Industrial Revolution

Steam engine, by James Watt,

• ‘Overwhelmed and excited’• technical and mechanical engineering• show off• leader of this industrial revolution• Exhibition in London in 1851• Conveyer-belt mechanization• ‘look what we can design and make quickly and efficiently’

THE GREAT EXHIBITION

• International lead to competition • one quarter of the entire British population had visited Crystal

Palace• impact that the exhibition had on Britain.

THE GREAT EXHIBITION

‘The Great Exhibition’ – crystal palace

‘The Great Exhibition’ – American stand

Rocking chair - W. Winfield

The Nelson Jug - Alfred Crowquil

Silver tea set - 1880

• negative reaction towards mass production• quality of the goods• destroying the whole art and purpose of the product• wanting to return to the original hand craft• ‘ traditional craftsmanship’• wealthy and rich

ARTS AND CRAFT MOVEMENT

‘Trellis’ wallpaper 1862 - William Morris

• interior design• graphic design• architecture• decorative arts• 1890 – 1910• natural design• art nouveau’ is French meaning ‘new art’,

ART NOUVEAU

Paris Métro entrance in Chicago

The seasons - Alphonse Mucha

Kelly Haggard Olson - Irises

Hoosemans – Candle Holder 1900

MODERNISM

• Developed in art, design, literature and music.• Deutsche Werkbund 1907• Bauhaus school of design• Walter Gropius

Deutscher Werkbund

Professor Peter Behrens1868-1940

• corporate identity• AEG in 1907• first company employed designer , head of

design• create logos, adverts , advertising materials

and company publications.

AEG

CUBISM

• cube shapes• three and four dimensional look• Pablo Picasso• Georges Braque• Paris between 1907 and 1914• ‘new style’

man with guitar 1911 - 1912 - Georges Braque

'Factory, Horta de Ebbo', 1909 - Pablo Picasso

FUTURISM

• Cubism• third and fourth dimensions• Speed• Noise• power

Luigi Russolo - Dynamic Automobile

‘Unique Forms of Continuity in Space’ by Umberto Boccioni, 1913,

DADA

• Shocked and traumatised by war • No sense , no meaning • Funny• Shock• Horror• Influential• 1916 and 1924

Marcel Duchamp, L.H.O.O.Q - 1919

Marcel Duchamp, fountain - 1917

Tatlin’s Tower 1919 - Monument to the Third International

BAUHUAS

• Effected by the war• 1919-1933• School of art, architecture, and design • functional living environments• Socialists• flat, smooth surfaces• geometric shapes• open spaces• glass windows• Steel• concrete

Bauhaus school

Make do and mend

Britain can make it exhibition

- Cheer people up - London - 1 ½ million visitors

Festival of Britain

• 1951• Cheer people • World famous • Show off design • Knocked down by the goverment• Festival hall left

Abram Games, Festival of Britain poster - 1951

Festival Hall

1960 - 1970

• Paranoia • Distrust• Conspiracy• Cold war• John F Kennedy Assassination• Martin Luther King Assassination• Bobby Kennedy Assassination• Vietnam

POST MODERNISM

• Witt• Experimental • Funky shapes• No strict rules• More than function • More self than society

The Throwaway Aesthetic

• Mass produced • Cheap• Available• Fashion / design change• Youth • Witty • Post modernism • Graphical

Peter Murdoch Paper Chair 1964

Barbara Hulanicki, Biba -1964

OP ART

• Geometric shapes• Lines• Patterns• sense of movement• optical illusions

Bridget Riley, Blaze 1 - 1962

DESIGN FOR NEED

PUNK

• 1776• Selfish• Anti society • Dada• Hands on design• Express feelings• music

NEW ROMANTICS

• Retro hair styles • Men and make up• Lace• Spice girls• Raves• Worse than punk • 1980 -1990• Women could do what they liked / wear

1980’s

1990’s

INTERIOR DESIGN

• Fit for purpose • Target audience • Next • Dual coding• Show off • Modernism with old to show post modernism

NEXT interiors - David Davies