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Topic 2Models of Curriculum DesignComparison of curriculum design modelsObjectives model eg. Tylers; Process models eg. WheelersSteps in curriculum designPrinciples of curriculum designDevelopment of the Malaysian curriculumNational Philosophy of Education (NEP)Study of the current curriculumComparison of other Malaysian English language school curriculum

TSL3143 : CURRICULUM STUDIESLearning outcomesYou should be able to:discuss the models of curriculum designcompare and contrast the curriculum design modelsidentify the steps in curriculum design and relate it to the composition and structure of curriculum design in Malaysiadiscuss the underlying principles in curriculum design discuss the objectives of the current curriculum i.e. KSSR and KBSM, the principles and main focus of the current curriculum in relation to NEPcompare and contrast the current curriculum with previous Malaysia English Language school curriculum

Lets revisit the wordCURRICULUM

Models?In our context, a model is a framework with interacting parts, and serves as a guide or procedure for actionSuch a model is a simplified representation of reality which is often depicted in graphic formWe perceive a curriculum model as providing a structure for examining the elements that go to make up curriculum planning, and how the elements interrelateModels can range from simple to complex

Overview of curriculum modelsSubject-centredExperiential Student-centredSocial criticalDeliberativePositivismNon-technical/Non-scientificTechnical/ScientificSpiralLinearDeductiveInductiveProcessProductPut them into pairsCyclicalPolarisation of models?ProductProcessDeductiveInductiveLinearSpiral / CyclicalTechnical/scientificNon-technical/non-scientificSubject-centredStudent-centredWhat approaches do these models adopt?How are they similar?How are they different?Tylers model

Ralph Tyler (1902 1994)We now look at some specific modelsTylers model

ObjectivesLearning experiencesMethods of organizationEvaluationPrinciples of the Tyler modelCurriculum as a rational processUsing objectives to select and organize learning objectivesUsing evaluation to determine outcomes (whether objectives have been achieved)Vertical and horizontal relationship of curriculum(Ornstein & Hunkins 6th ed. P. 59)Some characteristics of the Tyler modelIt prioritizes objectivesIt emphasizes the learners needsIt represents a rational, logical and systematic approach to curriculum makingIts principles are applicable in varying situationsNote:Tylers philosophy and principles influenced by Deweys progressive social theory, Thorndikes and Piagets learning theories, and behaviourism.

Other characteristics?

Hilda Taba(1902 1967)Tabas modelTabas principlesShe believed that teachers who practise the curriculum should participate in curriculum planning, hence, she advocated the grassroots approach.Teachers should begin by creating specific teaching-learning units for their students and then build to a general design (inductive or deductive?)Tabas proposed 7 major steps in her grassroots model in which teachers would have a major input throughout the curriculum development process

Tabas modelLinear or cyclical?Compare with Tylers modelTop down or bottom up?Wheelers modelWheeler (1967) extended and developed the ideas forwarded by Tyler and particularly Taba.He extended the linear model to become a cyclical model so as to allow evaluation to be used to improve curriculumFindings from the evaluation are fed back into the objectives and goals, which influence other stagesHe suggested 5 interrelated phases in the curriculum process (refer diagram)However, they share the same starting point, that is the identification of intended learning outcomes.

Wheelers model

DiscussionWhat is the difference between the objectives (product) model and the process model of curriculum design?As a student teacher, which model or models of curriculum design do you think your teacher education curriculum is based on?How does the model affect the teaching-learning process in the class?An Outcome-based Education (OBE) Curriculum

TutorialExplain different models of curriculum design.Create a table to compare and contrast the following curriculum design models:TylerTabaWheelerForm 3 groups in the class. Each group advocates one specific curriculum model. Engage in a debate to decide which model is best suited for our Malaysian context.BibliographyOrnstein, A.C. & Hunkins, Francis. (2014). Curriculum: Foundations, Principles, and Issues. (6th ed.) Essex: Pearson Education Ltd.PPG TSL3143 ModuleOthers