Mobile Integrated Sustainable System for Treatment of ... · during the oil extraction process,...

Mobile Integrated Sustainable System for Treatment of

Organic Wastewater

Prof. Giora Rytwo Dept. of Environmental Sciences

Faculty of Sciences & Technology

Tel Hai College

Environmental Physical Chemistry Laboratory

MIGAL,

Galilee Technology Center

What MISSTOW is about?

• Many of the organic-rich wastewater generators in Europe, such as olives groves and boutique wineries are owned by SMEs, mostly family owned.

• These small producers are especially vulnerable when faced with environmental requirements of waste produced during the oil extraction process, which must meet regulations and sewage-works enforcements.

• All those wastewaters constitute a serious pollution problem, because of the recalcitrant character of the high organic content of the residues that cannot be disposed to common wastewater treatment plant and may lead to serious environmental contamination.

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Objective • To test a new concept of a mobile integrated system

for treatment of organic wastewater (MISSTOW) that

cannot be processed by common treatment plant.

effluents

Peleg HaGalil (Israel)

MIGAL (Israel)

CETENMA (Spain)

UoPa (Greece)

MISSTOW partners

• Israeli Research Team:

• Coordinator:

Prof. Uri Mar Chaim

• UASB-

Dr. Hassan Azeizeh

• Constructed wetlands

Prof. Iggy Litaor

• Coagoflocculation

Prof. Giora Rytwo

• Technical management:

Mr. Menashe Levi

• Several technicians and

students

Average Composition of selected organic-rich wastewaters (mg/l)

TP TKN TSS COD BOD5

50 60 5,000 30,000 25,000 Winery

90 500 20,000 250,000 70,000 Olive Mill

250 - 12,000 45,000 25,000 Dairy

100 - 1,000 40,000 30,000 Brewery

10 - 250 500 250 Domestic

Unacceptable Treatment Methods: Release directly to the Environment

Faud and Elias, 2010. Aerobic and anaerobic biotreatment of olive mill waste.

Legislation OMW (based on PROSODOL publications)

• At the moment there is no European Union legislation

regulating olive mill waste management, and standards

are left to be set by individual countries

• For example, Italy allows direct application of OMW

without previous treatment limited to:

50 m3/ha/year for OMW

any municipality might modify limits or suspending

fertirrigation in case of environmental risk;

submission of agronomic report to the Municipality

before spreading.

uniform spreading in order to avoid surface runoff;

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• it is forbidden to spread on:

soils at less than 300 m from preservation areas for

water collection destined to the human consumption;

- soils less than 200 m from inhabited areas;

- soils which are cultivated with vegetable crops;

- soils where water tables are at less 10 m depth;

- soils which are frozen, covered by snow, awashed or

saturated with water.

• Waste storage in the oil mill less than 30 days

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Legislation Italy (based on PROSODOL publications)

• Two phase OMW not considered dangerous wastes by the

Spanish legislation.

• However in Andalucia there are limitations similar to those

in Italy.

• OMW is sent to ponds and evaporated or infiltrated in soil

for irrigation. However, wastewater can affect the hydraulic

public network and the related Spanish law with this

aspect: is compulsory that olive oil mill holders have a

specific authorisation for every catchments of continental

water over or under ground. Also an authorization of spill

is required for all activities that are susceptible to cause

pollution or degradation

• The request requires environmental studies

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Legislation Spain (based on PROSODOL publications)

• Olive mill owners are obliged to provide an environmental

impact assessment study

• The present law does not allow application of untreated

olive mill wastes to soil surface.

• Each Prefecture is responsible for adopting OMW

management practices encouraging different waste

management approaches. For example, in the Prefecture

of Lesvos OMW was discharged untreated onto aquatic

ecosystems, while in Iraklio such disposal is forbidden

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Legislation Greece (based on PROSODOL publications)

• The MEP is searching for solutions since 1995.

• Under controlled doses, damage will not occur and wastewater even

act as herbicide. Thus, spreading method is now successfully

implemented in several olive orchards and JNF forests in Israel.

• A limited knowledge about transport and hydrological sensitivity maps

Potential leaching and accumulation of recalcitrant compounds?

• Recently MEP encouraged use of dissolved air flotation (DAF). A pilot

was launched which was specifically designed to tackle this problem.

• Reports showed 70% to 90% removal of the COD, TSS and fats, oils

and grease (FOG),

• However at larger scales it is still to expensive, and shows poorer

results

• The search for new technologies is still ongoing…

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Situation in Israel (based on MISSTOW report)

MISSTOW Overview

Products:

Water suitable for irrigation according

to national/international standards

1 2

Water suitable for disposal

to water treatment plants

Pretreatment:

Sedimentation of total

suspended solids (TSS)

and partial removal other

parameters using nano-

composites and

flocculants

Bioreactors:

Reduction of BOD,

COD, polyphenols and

Nitrogen using a bio-

reactor (optional)

Constructed Wetland

Additional removal of

BOD, COD, poly-

phenols, Nitrogen and

Phosphorous with a

vertical flow constructed

wetland

MISSTOW - Concept

MISSTOW device at Dalton Winery

MISSTOW Overview

Products:



1 2



Pretreatment:





composites and

flocculants

Bioreactors:

Reduction of BOD,



reactor (optional)

Constructed Wetland


BOD, COD, poly-


Phosphorous with a


wetland

Suspended Solids • One of the parameters that make winery (WW) and

olive mill wastewater (OMW) difficult to treat, is the high content of suspended solids.

• OMW Values range between 10000-100000 mg/L (thus… in some cases 10% of the weight might be suspended solids!)

• Such large amounts of dispersed colloidal material (defined as “suspended” solids), clog filtering devices, bioreactors and wetlands – and therefore requires pre-treatment

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• Polymers bound to non-organic materials (as clay

minerals) make hybrid materials known as

“nanocomposites”

• Suitable charged polymers may bind

electrostatically to negatively charged minerals,

exposing remaining positive charges to the effluent

• Destabilization of the colloidal dispersion might be

achieved, since…

CHARGE: The positive charges may neutralize

anionic colloids

SIZE: by binding several colloids together,

(charged and neutral) larger particles are

created- reducing the relative drag force

DENSITY: Bulk density of the clay act as an

anchor that might induce sinking and separation

• WIPO PCT Application No. PCT/IL2012/000245

- -

Nanocomposites

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Coago-flocculation

MISSTOW Overview

Products:



1 2



Pretreatment:





composites and

flocculants

Bioreactors:

Reduction of BOD,



reactor (optional)

Constructed Wetland


BOD, COD, poly-


Phosphorous with a


wetland

UASB for Anaerobic digestion

InletInlet

H2OH2O

Outlet

Biogas

Outlet

BiogasThe up-flow anaerobic sludge

blanket bioreactor (UASB) stage

of anaerobic digestion is a cost-

effective waste treatment

method. The UASB will

transform the highly recalcitrant

organic materials into labile

source of nutrients and bio-

energy (methane) coupled with

reduction of the COD, BOD and

TOC contents.

MISSTOW Overview

Products:



1 2



Pretreatment:





composites and

flocculants

Bioreactors:

Reduction of BOD,



reactor (optional)

Constructed Wetland


BOD, COD, poly-


Phosphorous with a


wetland

Schematic diagram of the vertical flow constructed

Coarse texture > 8 mm

High conductivity,

low biofilm formation,

Calcareous gravel to

buffer acidic pH

Siphon flow

Coarse texture >4 <8 mm

High Conductivity,

Tuff gravel with high

specific surface.

Connected to Venturi tubes

to increase nitrification.

Sand texture < 2 mm

Medium conductivity,

higher retention time,

higher de-nitrification

rate.Sand texture with

dewatered alum sludge

to increase P adsorption

& N denitrification.

Recirculation if needed

Eleocharis palustris

Coarse texture > 8 mm

High conductivity,

low biofilm formation,

Calcareous gravel to

buffer acidic pH

Siphon flow

Coarse texture >4 <8 mm

High Conductivity,

Tuff gravel with high

specific surface.

Connected to Venturi tubes

to increase nitrification.

Sand texture < 2 mm

Medium conductivity,

higher retention time,

higher de-nitrification

rate.Sand texture with

dewatered alum sludge

to increase P adsorption

& N denitrification.

Recirculation if needed

Eleocharis palustris

The Accelerated Wetland System

3rd medium

tuff 4th

Fine tuff

Coaguflocculation

tank

Bioreactor

1st Course

tuff

2nd Medium tuff

Results - COD

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

OMW Bioreactor Post Flocculation Coarse tuff Medium tuff 1 Medium tuff 2 Fine tuff

CO

D (

mg/

l)

OMW Dilution of 1:2.5; Treatment Rate 2.5 m3 d-1; Removal Efficiency 96%

Results - Polyphenols

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

OMW Bioreactor Post Flocculation Coarse tuff Medium tuff 1 Medium tuff 2 Fine tuff

PO

LYP

HEN

OL

mg/

l

OMW Dilution of 2.5; Treatment Rate 2.5 m3 d-1; Removal Efficiency 87%

Concluding Remarks

• MISSTOW has shown good results in terms of removal efficiency of COD, Polyphenols, TP, DP & Na.

• MISSTOW can easily remove more TN and nitrates if the system would be switched to less aerobic.

• MISSTOW performs reasonably well in terms of overall capacity to treat OMW and the effluents can be disposed to wastewater treatment plants

• We still have a severe problem of rate: The best results obtained were only 4-5 m3 per day in OMW (the rate can be more than doubled for WW)

• However- this should be considered as a proof of concept of the general combination of technologies!

• We assume that after solving all problems- we may reach 12-15 m3 per day

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polymer

inspired by Prof. Leon Margulies

drawing by Dr. Theodor Stern

graphics by Orly Rytwo

I can remove suspended solids!!!

Thank you!!!!

תודות הרבה של תרומתם ללא מתקדם היה לא בוודאי זה פרוייקט

וגופים אנשים מאוד

נמרוד ,לוי מנשה ,)הפרוייקט מרכז) חיים מר אורי 'פרופ•

וחסן איגי ,)הארגון על) סמדר ,)..."בפועל" העובדים) לוי

)התמידי המוחות סיעור על)

שהיו והטכנאים הסטודנטים וכל ,ליאור ,.ל רועי ,.ש רועי•

)...חלק לשכוח פוחד אני) מעורבים

)בד בתי עשרות ועוד) "הגולן רמת" ויקב "הגליל הרי" יקב•

בשפכים להשתמש לנו שאפשרו בכך הפעולה שיתוף על

.שלהם

,ל"מהמנכ -שלו הצוות כל על "דלתון" ליקב מיוחדת תודה•

שהעזו -המבקרים ובאתר ביקב לפועלים ועד היינניות דרך

!שלו ביכולות והאמינו המתקן את לארח

הקהיליה :כלכללית התומכים לגופים )כמובן) ותודה•

"הגליל פלג" המים תאגיד ,CIP פרוייקט דרך האירופית

אחרים רבים ועוד ,במיזם תומכת כחברה

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Olive oil extraction in Israel

In Israel most olive mills are located in Arab

villages and most of them are using advanced

technologies, but the mills are located near the

houses and in the middle of the village.

Pictures taken at 3 different Mills that are locations in the Galilee

Olive oil extraction in Israel

The liquid fraction (OMW), is drained into a pit, in most

cases under the mills or at the nearby yard, and has a

capacity of up to 100 cubic meters or more.

The pit with the pipe

to the wastewater-

tanker in Magar (left)

and the concrete roof

of the wastewater pit

at Ilabun (right)

Olive Mill in Israel (2012 Survey)

• 106 olive mills across the country;

• 81 are located in sensitive hydrological sites;

• 26 were classified as high quality mills;

• 42 were classified as medium quality mills;

• 32 were classified as low quality mills;

• 6 were classified as extremely low quality mills!

The MISSTOW system

The main goal is to show "proof of

concept". The combination of three

components into one modular mobile

system is a new and innovative solution

- Pre-treatment by nano-composites,

on-line utilization of UASB, and portable

constructed wetland (CW) for

transformation of highly recalcitrant

organic materials into labile source of

nutrients and energy.

Process???

• The general idea was as follows:

• However, we noticed that the bioreactor lowers COD, but

has effluents with very high TSS!

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Coagoflocculant added while

stirring (1-2 min)

Separation (flow up to 1 m3/h)

Constructed wetland

Clean effluents

Winery effluents process

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Constructed wetland

Clean effluents


stirring (1-2 min)

OMW process?

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Constructed wetland

Clean effluents

Optional Coagoflocculant

added while stirring (1-2 min)


stirring (1-2 min)

Second Separation

• It seems that in OMW the

filtering process itself (without

any additive) reduces 30-

40% of the TSS, whereas in

WE only about 5%

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