Mixed Signals - CodeRedTO€¦ · Transfer Rules Free transfers up to two hours in any direction...

Mixed SignalsToronto Transit in a North American Context

Fares ndash Networks ndash Budgets ndash Governance

2018

Mixed Signals 2018

About CodeRedTO

CodeRedTO is a consciously non-partisan volunteer-run localand regional transit advocate We promote more and bettertransit options for more residents using all availabletechnologies where appropriate creating better information forbetter decision-making completion of efficient and approvedplans and support increased predictable funding for publictransit expansion and operation

CodeRedTO is funded through personal donations and grantsfrom non-profit agencies and foundations and directed by anadvisory board with no financial interest in any transportationprojects or agencies

CodeRedTO was founded in 2011

infoCodeRedTOcom

CodeRedTO

CodeRedTO

Report Authors amp Contributors

Cameron MacLeod is a CodeRedTO cofounder and ExecutiveDirector and has explored transit systems in 25 cities worldwidein ten countries and on three continents So far By day he runs anationwide technical team at a Canadian customer intelligencesoftware company

Patricia Wood is Professor of Geography and co-founder of theCity Institute at York University She has particular interests indemocratic practices and peoplersquos mobility She is also an urbanaffairs columnist for Spacingca

Matthew Whittier is a graduate of Queens University inMechanical Engineering who has worked in renewable energyand whose interest in urban planning and transportationbrought him into this project

Benjamin Wert works in arts administration and has a keeninterest in municipal affairs His favourite transit experiencesinclude riding every L line in Chicago from end to end goingacross Torontorsquos Price Edward Viaduct at twilight and using theRoosevelt Island tramway

Acknowledgements

This report would not exist without the efforts of dedicated TTCCity of Toronto and Metrolinx employees and transit-involvedteams across North America bringing safe and reliable publictransit to residents each day under (as this report shows)significantly challenging variations in funding networkresilience and governmental accountability

Mixed Signals 2018

Executive Summary

This report compares Toronto to similar local andcommuter rail transit systems in several cities in Canadaand the United States examining specifics of fares fundingnetwork coverage and governance The goal of thecomparisons is to see what Toronto is doing well and how itcould do better

Transit networks are highly complex and dynamic systemsWhile there is no perfect or universal model there isalways something to learn from how other cities build andmanage transit This report finds that Toronto is laggingbehind other comparator cities in key ways whileoutperforming in others Any changes to Torontorsquos regionaltransit network structures must be considered on the basisof both transparency and local accountability

Transit systems in Asia and Europe have impressiveachievements but they emerge from different political andgeographical environments Similarly New York Cityrsquossubway comes from an entirely different time period andstarting point Comparing Torontorsquos transit with othersystems in Canada and the United States shows us what isrealistic in the North American context

Given our unique and vulnerable position in terms offunding structures network design and expansion choicesthis report finds specific investment goals desirable toprotect the future of public transit in Toronto ◼

Toronto hashellip

bull 2nd-Highest public transit ridership level in NAbull 2nd-Highest public transit commuter mode share in NAbull Strong suburban coverage and service levels

Toronto needshellip

bull An improved funding model to address low subsidy level and lack of dedicated revenue streams

bull A less-politicized more resilient governance structurebull More complexity in its rapid transit networkbull Less reliance on tunneled infrastructure in the current

limited funding environmentbull A more accessible monthly pass

CodeRedTO recommends these immediate investments

bull Add new predictable sustainable revenuebull Add prioritized surface transit lanes on both

inner core and suburban avenuesbull Reduce overall cost and early commitment

requirements for monthly passes

CodeRedTO recommends these longer-term goals

bull Create new city-centred but regionally-collaborative governance structures

bull Implement regional fare integration which builds on the cityrsquos successful no-zone flat fare structure

bull Implement regional network integration only where it can build increased ridership and mode share

1

Mixed Signals 2018

Comparator City Selection

City Pop

Urban Area

HeavyRail

Rail in Exclusive

ROW

Rail in Non-Exclusive

ROW

Regional Rail Service

Multi-Mode and

Multi-Line

Fare Card

System

Rail Bus Parking andhellip

New York City MTA 86m 203m ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Los Angeles Metro 41m 133m ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Toronto TTC 28m 72m ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Chicago CTA 27m 95m ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston Metro 22m 68m ◼ ◼ ◼

Montreal STM 18m 41m ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ On-call Taxibus

Philadelphia SEPTA 16m 61m ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

San Diego MTS 14m 31m ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Dallas DART 13m 74m ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ On-call Taxibus

Calgary Transit 12m 14m ◼ ◼

Washington DC Metro 07m 61m ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Boston MBTA 07m 47m ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ Ferries

Vancouver Translink 06m 25m ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ Ferries

Regardless of criteria any selection of citieswill have faults and negative effects on thecomparison itself In this report an attemptwas made to provide a reasonable breadth ofcomparisons across city and urban areapopulations transit network complexity andmodes and relevance to Toronto

While a comparison to New York Cityrsquos iconicand extensive subway system is seeminglyunavoidable in Toronto media and at CityCouncil it is inappropriate for this report Thisarea has an urban area population of overthree times that of the GTA and a heavy railnetwork which is multiple decades older

By contrast Calgaryrsquos network consists of asingle transit mode and features no regionalcommuter rail nor a modern fare card

Cities such as Philadelphia San Diego andDallas have relevant network structures for thecurious transit policy researcher but were notincluded in this report

2

Mixed Signals 2018

Fare StructuresCommonalities

bull TTC fares have risen far above the rate of inflation over the last twenty years

bull A single fare zone for the core urban area often across multiple modes

bull No fare capping option for the core urban transit system

bull Little regional fare integration

Differencesbull TTC the only agency examined

with an annual pass option disproportionately benefiting higher-income riders

bull TTC the only agency examined required to cover over two-thirds of its operating expenses from the farebox

There is no perfect or universal structure for public transit faresCosts passes structures and even whether to charge at all varywidely around the world but within North America we find similarfares structures and a remarkable continent-wide conclusion thatpublic transit agencies shall charge for their service

The mobility options provided to residents are part of a cityrsquosdemocratic practice As we examine the costs to riders we shouldbe thinking about how to more efficiently provide more service tomore residents and recognize the diversity of needs and paymentcapacity It is also key to create a sustainable model to ensure long-term mobility within our cities◼

Our report found Torontorsquos transit fares and goalscontrast with other cities in key ways

Torontorsquos principal transportation provider theTTC has broadly-typical public transit fares with acash fare of $325 Canadian close to or matchingMontreal Boston Chicago and comparable toboth Vancouver and Washington DC

All comparator city fares sit within the $160-$325 CAD range for the single zone or the corezone and up to around $780 CAD at peak for thedistance-based and zone-based systems Theregional commuter rail systems typically haveseparate fare systems rarely integrated with thecore local agency with exclusively distance-basedfares

Torontorsquos daily and weekly pass cost levelsapproach the median among the cities reviewedBut what sets it apart are its continentally-uniqueannual adult Metropass and a significantly morecostly monthly pass All passes perform a some-

what contradictory role for transit riders as theyare designed to provide a discount for higher-volume use but are usually only available to thosewith sufficient disposable income to pre-pay forthe pass in expectation of benefiting later

One technology tool available with electronic farecards is fare capping which automatically reducesor eliminates the incremental cost to the rideronce a certain threshold has been reached GOTransit provides this in lieu of monthly passes viathe PRESTO card also being adopted by the TTCHowever fare capping remains rare even aselectronic fare cards proliferate due to perceivedfare revenue risk Some systems ldquosplit thedifferencerdquo such as Houston Metrorsquos requirementof a custom card in order to gain access tocapping

Common to nearly all the reviewed cities is asingle flat fare an international best practice fortransit access which provides dramaticallydifferent travel distances for the same fare In an

urban area with expensive core housing this canbe a form of travel subsidy from short-trip ridersto long-trip riders

A remarkable commonality across nearly everycity studied is the magnitude of fare increases inevery city outside Los Angeles transit fares rosefaster than inflation over the last twenty yearssometimes dramatically The TTCrsquos adult cash farerose 29 faster than inflation from 1998-2018

The most alarming discovery in CodeRedTOrsquosresearch has been that while all public transitagencies worldwide contribute to operatingexpenses via the farebox the TTC relies on faresfor two-thirds of its base operating budget alevel not seen in any other city in North America

When combined with inadequate and insecurefunding the vulnerability of the TTC is particularlyacute

3

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto (TTC)

$325 cash$300 fare card token

Transfer Rules Free transfers up to two hours in any direction with fare card

Fare Zones Single zone single fare

Separate Regional Fares

GO commuter railZone fares $477-$1850 monthly cap

Daily Pass $1250 (385x cash fare)

Weekly Pass $4375 (135x cash fare)

Monthly Pass $14625 (45x cash fare)

Annual Pass $160800 (4123x cash fare monthly)

20-year Fare Δ +8750 ($175 cash in 1998)

+8750

+4524

+4812

1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018

Fares vs Inflation 1998-2018

TTC Fare Canada Inflation Ontario Inflation

4

Mixed Signals 2018

Boston (MBTA)

$275 cash$225 fare card

Transfer Rules Rail to rail freeFirst transfer to other modes discounted within first two hours only

Fare Zones Single zone fare varies by mode


MBTA Commuter RailZone fares $225-$1250




Annual Pass na


+22353

+5409

+5997

1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018


MBTA Fare USA Inflation Boston Inflation

5

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago (CTA)


Transfer Rules $025 for train or up to $030 for bus for up to 2 additional rides within 2 hours Only available using fare card

Fare Zones Single zone fare varies by mode Airport service +$500


Metra Commuter RailZone fares $4-$825




Annual Pass na


+6667

+5409

+4457

1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018


CTA Fare USA Inflation Chicago Inflation

6

Mixed Signals 2018

Houston (Metro)

$125 cash or fare card

Transfer Rules Free transfers up to three hours in any direction with fare card



Express Park amp Ride bus serviceZone fares $200-$450


Monthly Pass na

Weekly Pass na

Annual Pass na


+15000

+5409

+5491

1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018


Metro Fare USA Inflation Houston Inflation

7

Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles (Metro)


Transfer Rules $050 for transfer to a non-Metro bus within 2 hours



Metrolink Commuter RailZone fares $275-$2750




Annual Pass na


+2963

+5409

+6360

1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018


LA Metro Fare USA Inflation LA Inflation

8

Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal (STM)


Transfer Rules Single continuous trip (multi-vehicle)



EXO commuter bus and railZone fares $475-$975




Annual Pass na


+7568

+4524

+3963

1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018


STM Fare Canada Inflation Quebec Inflation

9

Mixed Signals 2018

Vancouver (Translink)

$295-$570 cash (3 zones)$230-$440 fare card

Transfer Rules Free transfers for 90 minutes

Fare Zones 3 zones airport exit +$500


West Coast Express Commuter RailZone fares $625-$1245

Daily Pass $1025 (54x 1-zone cash fare)

Weekly Pass na

Monthly Pass $9500 (322x 1-zone cash fare)

Annual Pass na


+9667

+4524

+3608

1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018


Translink Fare Canada Inflation BC Inflation

10

Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC (WMATA)

$225-$600 cash or fare card (distance-based in peak hours)

Transfer Rules Train one single ride no transferBus free transfers up to two hours$050 discount if combining modes

Fare Zones Combination of distance and zone


MARC and VRE Commuter RailZone fares $340-$1300


Weekly Pass $6000 (267x 1-zone cash fare)

Monthly Pass na

Annual Pass na


+10455

+5409

+6001

1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018


Base Fare USA Inflation Wash DC Inflation

11

Mixed Signals 2018

Base Cash Fare vs Inflation 1998-2018

USA Inflation +5409

Canada Inflation +4524

Boston MBTA +22353

Chicago CTA +6667

Houston Metro +15000

LA Metro +2963

Montreal STM +7568

Vancouver Translink +9667Wash DC Metro +10455

1998 2018

Toronto TTC +8750

12

Mixed Signals 2018

Pass MultipliersNumber of Cash Fares to Match Pass Cost

66

44

40

33

24

39

31

54

Wash DC Metro

Boston MBTA

LA Metro

Chicago CTA

Houston Metro

Toronto TTC

Montreal STM

Vancouver Translink

Daily

267

77

143

110

135

81

Weekly(where available)

307

571

350

450

262

322

Monthly(where available)

13

Mixed Signals 2018

Network DesignCommonalities

bull Strong ridership and mode share similar to other Canadian cities

bull Multi-decade history brings expansion goals into conflict with modern standards

bull Nearly all cities have regional commuter rail in addition to urban core service

Differencesbull 2nd-highest proportion of

tunneled transit increases costs and construction time

bull Lower number of lines reduces coverage and network benefits

bull Choosing extensions over new lines means small issues create large interruptions

There is no perfect or universal structure for the public transitnetwork But there are commonalities among many cities andlessons to be learned Network mobility and resilience is a keyfactor in increased commuter mode share and as we design ournetworks we should be thinking about how to address unservedneeds how to create an adaptable travel grid and how to benefitmost from network effects These are all essential characteristics ofa strong transit network

Political decisions affecting the efficiency of the network haveripple effects which impact riders across the network changingcommuter mode share non-peak ridership decisions and systemrevenue◼

A strong transit network serves a diversity ofdestinations and a diversity of riders There aremany aspects to the development of a networkwith good connectivity Simply put the networkmust connect to places people want to go

All cities in the study have multiple-mode localtransit and all offer regional rail except HoustonEvery agency examined has responsibility forsome private vehicle parking lots alongside theexpected bus and rail services while a few addon-call services ferries and even bike share

It is popular to contrast Torontorsquos subway networkwith New York Paris Chicago or Boston butToronto started building its rail network decadeslater Torontorsquos early investments have givenToronto a good foundation but it is disingenuousto contrast these cities without noting that theNew York City subway was essentially completebefore Toronto even started

Torontorsquos GO Train network provides wide

regional coverage and has built ridershipexceeding most other cities especially along itshigher-capacity Lakeshore lines

Torontorsquos local rail network is less complex withless coverage than many cities Downtown corestreetcar lines improve the network greatly butat low resilience due to mixed-traffic streetdesign When contrasted with every other city inthe study it is clear Torontorsquos heavy reliance ontwo very long rail lines is unusual Morecomplexity allows for greater networkconnectivity and adaptability The EglintonCrosstown LRT line will strengthen Torontorsquosnetwork considerably

Torontorsquos local transit has the highest ridershipof all systems in the study Unlike many othercities the most common mode of transit is thebus whose network connects well to the subwaysystem Indeed Torontorsquos subway is only busybecause of busy feeder buses given low densitynear most stations

It is notable that some of the busiest publictransit routes are found in suburban areas ofToronto (such as along Finch Avenue) Thisdemonstrates that it is possible to build strongtransit ridership in areas with lower density thatthe city core

Toronto also has the highest rate of transit use asa proportion of commuters of all metro areas inthe study This success is driven by transit use inand into Toronto Local transit use in cities outsideToronto remains quite low While it has a muchlower ridership that Toronto local transitsuburban use of regional rail is strong along thelakeshore

Good network infrastructure lays the foundationfor strong ridership but service frequency andreliability are more significant for building andretaining ridership in each corridor

14

Mixed Signals 2018

TerminologyTerms Description

Heavy Rail (Subway Metro) High-capacity electric railway operating in an exclusive right-of-way often but not always tunneled or elevated Example the TTC subway is Heavy Rail under North American terminology

Exclusive ROW LightIntermediate Rail Intermediate-capacity electric railway operating in an exclusive right-of-wayExample the TTC ldquoScarborough RTrdquo is intermediate capacity and once in operation the Eglinton Crosstown will be over 50 exclusive right-of-way

Semi-exclusive ROW Light Rail Intermediate-capacity electric railway operating in a mixture of rights-of-way including tunneled elevated and at-gradeExample the TTC 501 Queen streetcar at High Park operates in exclusive sections which are broken up by mixed-traffic intersections

Non-exclusive ROW (Streetcar Tram) Intermediate-capacity electric railway operating in a mixed-traffic environment subject to blockage by non-transit vehiclesExample the TTC 504 King streetcar shares its lane with passenger cars for almost its entire route despite being Torontorsquos single busiest surface transit line

Regional Rail Higher-speed heavy rail operating in an exclusive right-of-way at greater distances often connecting disparate citiesExample Metrolinx GO Transit

Unlinked Trips A single boarding of a single vehicleExample busgt subway gt bus = 3 unlinked trips

Linked Trips A series of boardings required to complete a single continuous journeyExample bus gt subway gt bus = 1 linked trip

15

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto

Mode Length StationsStops

Heavy Rail(Subway Metro)

726 km(792 in late 2020rsquos)

70(71 in late 2020rsquos)

Exclusive ROW Light amp Intermediate Rail

64 km(164 in ~2022)

6(19 in ~2022)

Semi-exclusive ROW Light Rail

232 km(432 in ~2022)

68(98 in ~2022)

Non-exclusive ROW(Streetcar Tram)

83 km ~300

Regional Rail (non-TTC)

452 km 66

Construction Note Lines 5 amp 6 scheduled to begin service in 2021-22 Line 3 to close in late 2020rsquos as new subway extension with one stop opens serving busiest Line 3 stop

UnlinkedTrips Per Day(APTA 2017)

TTC Heavy RailTTC Intermediate

TTC StreetcarsTTC BusGO Rail

Wheel-Trans

87730037800

2878001406800

20420013800

TTC Ridership (2017) 856953100 (unlinked trips APTA)535000000 (linked rides TTC)

16

Mixed Signals 2018

Boston

Mode Length Stations


681 km 62


37 km(439 in ~2022)

66(73 in ~2022)

Regional Rail 641 km 137

Construction Note Green Line light rail extension in progress


Heavy RailLight Rail

BusCommuter Rail

ParaTransit

321000204000233100123100

6400

Ridership (2017 APTA) 387629600 (unlinked trips)

17

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago


Heavy Rail (Subway Metro) 169 km 146

Regional Rail (non-CTA) 785 km 242


CTA Heavy RailCTA Bus

Metra Commuter RailPACE ParaTransit

729200805500285400

17600

CTA Ridership (2017 APTA) 479435200 (unlinked trips)

18

Commuter Rail

Mixed Signals 2018

Houston


Semi-exclusive ROWLight Rail

365 km 39


Light RailBus

ParaTransit

61100222800

6400


19

Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles



316 km 22


313 km 14


1101 km(1238 in

~2019)

68(76 in

~2019)

Regional Rail(non-Metro)

859 km 61

Construction Note New CrenshawLAX Light Rail line on west side of city scheduled to open in 2019


SubwayLight Rail

BusCommuter Rail

ParaTransit

138500219900896400

3780010800

Metro Ridership (2017 APTA)

397489400 (unlinked trips)

20

Mixed Signals 2018

MontrealMode Length Stations


Regional Rail (non-STM) 2564 km 62

Construction Note Reacuteseau express meacutetropolitain (REM) light rail lines in the centre north and west of city scheduled to begin service in 2021

Unlinked Trips Per Day(APTA 2017)

SubwayBus

Commuter RailParaTransit

1298400917000

8490013900


21

Commuter Rail

Mixed Signals 2018

Vancouver



796 km 53



SkyTrainBus

FerryCommuter Rail

472100789400

167009300


22

Commuter Rail

Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC



Semi-exclusive ROW Light Rail 39 km 9


Construction Note Silver Line 185 km northwest expansion to Dulles airport scheduled to begin service in 2020


SubwayLight Rail

BusCommuter Rail

ParaTransit

7602003700

374600(est) 77000

(est) 8000


23

Commuter Rail (MARC amp VRE)

Mixed Signals 2018

Line Names Colours Lengths and Stations

Line 1 - 396 km

Line 2 - 275 km

Line 3 - 64 km

Line 4 - 55 km

Toronto (TTC) ndash 144 stnsGreen - 364 km

Red ndash 330 km

Orange ndash 180 km

Blue - 95 km

Boston (MBTA) ndash 128 Chicago (CTA) ndash 146Red ndash 120 km

Purple - 106 km

Green - 53 km

Houston METRORail ndash 39Blue - 445 km

Red - 355 km

Green - 325 km

Orange - 200 km

Brown - 182 km

Pink - 170 km

Yellow - 80 km

Purple - 64 km

Los Angeles Metro ndash 104

Gold - 501 km

Blue - 355 km

Green - 313 km

Expo - 245 km

Red - 236 km

Purple ndash 80 km

Orange ndash 300 km

Green - 221 km

Blue - 97 km

Yellow - 43 km

Montreal (STM) ndash 68

Expo ndash 350 km

Millennium - 253 km

Canada - 195 km

Vancouver (Translink) ndash 53 Washington DC ndash 103

Red ndash 513 km

Blue - 488 km

Silver - 476 km

Orange - 425 km

Green - 371 km

Yellow - 243 km

The station count beside eachcityrsquos name includes allexclusive and semi-exclusiveright-of-way (ROW) stationsand stops but excludes purelymixed-traffic stops

24

Mixed Signals 2018

Urban Core Rail Network Growth

London

Boston

Chicago

Paris

New York City

Toronto

Montreal

Washington DC

Vancouver

Los Angeles

Houston

1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

101 (Paris 1900-1910)

41 (New York City 1930-1940)

1 (Toronto 1990-2000)

Stations Built Per Ten-Year Period

25

Mixed Signals 2018

Proportion of Urban Core Rail Underground

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

WashingtonDC

Los Angeles Chicago Boston Vancouver Toronto Montreal Houston

Underground Aboveground

46 22 11 27 11 77 100 0km

26

Mixed Signals 2018

Public Transit Commuter Mode Share

22

51

120

136

144

204

223

243

Houston-The Woodlands-Sugarland

Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim

Chicago-Naperville-Elgin

Boston-Cambridge-Newton

Washington-Arlington-Alexandria

Vancouver CMA(Surrey-Burnaby-Richmond-Coquitlam-

Langley-Delta-North Vancouver)

Montreal CMA(Laval-Longueuil-Terrebonne-

Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu-Brossard-hellip

Toronto CMA(Mississauga-Brampton-Markham-

Vaughan-Richmond Hill-Oakville-Ajax)

27

Mixed Signals 2018

Average Weekday Ridership by Transit Mode

0

05

1

15

2

25

3

Toronto Montreal Chicago Los Angeles Vancouver WashingtonDC

Boston Houston

Mill

ion

s

Bus Rail in Shared Semi-Exclusive ROW Rail in Exclusive ROW Commuter Rail

28

Mixed Signals 2018

Ridership per Kilometre of RailRatio of annual local system ridership to exclusive right-of-way rail lines

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Toronto Montreal Los Angeles Vancouver Boston Chicago Houston WashingtonDC

Mill

ion

s

29

Mixed Signals 2018

Operating BudgetsCommonalities

bull The cost of labour for all transit agencies pushes back against improved service

bull Advertisingrsquos degradation to the brand far outweighs the small revenue it provides

bull Network expansion competes and wins funding over ongoing operational needs

Differencesbull Toronto has the highest

farebox recovery ratio lowest overall subsidy lowest subsidy per rider and lowest overall revenue per rider among the cities studied

bull Toronto has no predictable revenue stream from a dedicated tax or levy

There is no perfect or universal structure for public transit agencyfunding But there are lessons to be learned Funding of publictransit is part of citiesrsquo democratic practice and the choices wemake on who must pay for what level of service or access are notneutral or obvious Public transit is a public service not a profitcentre thus every city (without a large money-generating propertyportfolio) must subsidize its transit The level of subsidy and thesecurity of the funds determine service and expansion decisions

Consensus is rarely possible in transit taxation decisions but weshould aim to strengthen planning and decision-making bydedicating transparent revenue streams to specific uses◼

Transit systems are complex and dynamicsystems whose costs may fluctuate due to manyfactors Changes in fuel costs and the ups anddowns of ridership may affect the bottom linewith little warning leading to common mid-yearservice adjustments just as in the private sector

But transitrsquos largest expense is labour and budgetpressures here create a consistent annualincentive to reduce service which can improvethe bottom line but betray transitrsquos reason forexistence

Establishing and planning operations at anappropriate level requires stable predictablefunding Secure funding is also needed to maintainthe system in a state-of-good-repair and toexpand operations to improve service andincrease ridership Long-term capital planning alsoneeds secure relationships with funding sourcesand governments Toronto lags well behind otherNorth American cities in this regard

The TTC relies on the farebox more than any othercity in North America In all comparator cities theannual operating subsidy covers more than 50of the operating budget In Boston and Houston itis more than 70 and in Los Angeles it is nearly90 Torontorsquos operating subsidy is just 30

Even close to home the difference is striking Theper-rider subsidy for the TTC is dramaticallysmaller than what is provided to riders inmunicipalities in the surrounding GTHA Markhampays $456 per rider fully five times Torontorsquos$090 Suburban transit is normally far morecostly per-rider but this contrast is key to GTHAfare integration especially amidst claims of costneutrality

The TTCrsquos operating budget is disproportionatelysmall for its ridership When compared with othercities Toronto has the least to spend per riderToronto has $210 per rider less than halfVancouverrsquos level even though the TTC carriesmore than twice the riders US cities have even

higher per-rider revenue with Los Angelestopping out the list with $1516 in revenue perrider despite its far lower mode share

Torontorsquos biggest differentiator is the lack of adesignated revenue stream for transit Almostevery other city has a dedicated tax providingstable predictable funding

In Montreal and Washington DC participatingregionscounties and cities contribute a subsidycalculated in relation to their population In othercities with transit-dedicated taxes these sourcescontribute a significant share of the transitagencyrsquos revenue In Houston the sales taxcontributes over 65 of Metrorsquos revenue In LosAngeles voters have approved transit-dedicatedsales taxes in multiple elections

The status quo of low subsidy and unpredictablefunding leaves Torontorsquos riders at great risk

30

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto TTC (2017)

Funding (304 subsidy) Expenses

(All figures lsquo000rsquos)

31

Mixed Signals 2018

Boston MBTA (2017)



32

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago CTA (2017)



33

Mixed Signals 2018

Houston Metro (2016)



34

Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles Metro (2017)

Funding (792 subsidy of operations spending) Expenses (mixed capital amp operations)


Los Angeles Metrorsquos annual budget combines capital and operations making direct comparisons difficult

35

Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal STM (2016)



36

Mixed Signals 2018

Vancouver Translink (2017)



37

Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC WMATA (2018)



38

Mixed Signals 2018

Farebox Recovery RatioOperating costs covered by passenger fares

41

129

208

333

398

415

696

558

460

Houston (MTAHC 2016)

Los Angeles (LACMTA 2016)

Boston (MBTA 2016)

Chicago (CTA 2016)

Washington DC (WMATA 2016)

Toronto (TTC 2017)

Vancouver (Translink 2017)

Montreal (STM 2016)

Farebox Recovery does not include capital costs(new construction vehicles buildings signals etc)

TTC Operating Budget (2017)

Other Revenue

304

Fares696

39

Mixed Signals 2018

Annual Operating SubsidyTotal subsidy from all sources

40

759

792

503

525

550

304

511

602



Boston MBTA (2017)

Washington DC Metro (2018)

Chicago CTA (2017)

Toronto TTC (2017)

Montreal STM (2016)


$1177

$884

$681

$538

$318

$210

$212

$478

Operating Budget per TripPer-unlinked-trip representation of

total budget from all sources

Example TTC (2017) rounded figures

857mtrips

$210per trip

$18bbudget

Mixed Signals 2018

$475

$412

$337

$273

$237 $229

$175

$090

$116

$169$186 $190 $196 $190

$230

$308

$374

$456USA (2016 US$) Canada (2015$) GTHA (2015$)TTC (2017$)

Subsidy per Transit RiderPer-rider representation of the total subsidy from all sources


553000000rides

$090 subsidyper ride

$495000000total subsidies

41

Mixed Signals 2018

Dedicated revenue sourcesSalesTax

Gas and Fuel Taxes

Parking Tax

Dev Charges

TollsPaid

ParkingVehicle

Tax

Land Transfer

Tax

Toronto ◼ ◼

Boston ◼ ◼

Chicago ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston ◼ ◼

Los Angeles ◼ ◼

Montreal ◼

Vancouver ◼ ◼ ◼

Washington DC ◼ ◼

Recommended by

Metrolinx Investment Strategy (2013) ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ + Land Value Capture

Toronto Region Board of Trade (2013) ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Transit Investment Strategy Advisory Panel (2014) ◼ ◼ + Corporate Income Tax

City of Toronto Staff Report (2012) ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ + Vehicle Registration Tax

Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives (2013) ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Ontario Chamber of Commerce (2013) ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Dedicated Revenue Sources and Recent Recommendations

42◼ Dedicated ◼ Partial None

Mixed Signals 2018

GovernanceCommonalities

bull No rider or Wheel-Trans rider representation on the Board

bull Regional population skews provincial government focus and funding toward regional commuters not in City of Toronto property tax base

bull No city has privatized local or regional transit agencies

Differencesbull Metrolinx board has no

elected representatives at all nor any who are accountable to the City of Toronto

bull PRESTO fare card controlled only by Province of Ontario

bull TTC Board public control only indirect and diversity unlegislated

There is no perfect or universal structure for regionaltransportation governance But there are lessons to be learnedGovernance of public infrastructure is part of citiesrsquo democraticpractice and as we design our structures we should be thinkingabout how to spend effectively be transparent in decision-makingrepresent the diversity of stakeholders affected and create spacefor long-term planning supported by sustainable funding These areall essential characteristics of a strong governance model

It is not possible to avoid politicizing transit decisions but weshould aim to strengthen decision-making processes to favourevidence and expertise for collective public benefit not partisanelectoral politics◼

Our report found that Torontorsquos governancestructure differs from other North American citiesin key ways

Torontorsquos principal transportation provider theTTC has limited oversight of transportation withinthe city It has no control of the road network ituses nor oversight of other forms oftransportation It thus has limited opportunity forprioritizing transit within roadspace or for thecoordination of transit with cycling and pedestrianinfrastructure

The TTC is currently phasing out the use of its owntickets tokens and passes with completionexpected by mid-2019 and provincial agencyMetrolinxrsquos PRESTO fare card will become the solenon-cash fare media option No other comparatorcity has a fare card fully controlled by anotherlevel of government with no local oversight

The Metrolinx Board of Directors is appointed bythe Premier through an Order-in-Council which

does not requiring legislative confirmation and itsmembership cannot include any electedrepresentatives (since 2009 reorganization) Noother comparator city has a board fullyappointed by the government with no openscreening or approval process Moresignificantly the City of Toronto has norepresentation on the Metrolinx Boardwhatsoever

The TTCrsquos Board of Commissioners is alsosomewhat unusual for having City Councillors as astrong majority of its members (one as Chair) anda limited role for civilian members Civilianmembers are required to hold ldquoexecutive-levelrdquoand ldquomanagementrdquo experience but notnecessarily any transit knowledge or experienceCouncil approves the membership of the Boardbut its Councillor members are chosen by themayor

Other comparator city Boards seek somerepresentation of diverse stakeholders andor

members with expertise and experience relatedto transit and transportation Only one cityincludes both rider and ParaTransit representationby law

Appointments of elected representatives areincluded as one way of representing the differentgeographic stakeholders in a region In the USappointments are often subject to counter-checking where the cityrsquos choices must beapproved by the state and vice versa In only onecity Boston does the province or state havemajority control over the network

Both Boards overseeing transit in Toronto aresignificantly politicized and vulnerable to partisaninterference to a degree not seen in other citiesWhen combined with inadequate and insecurefunding the vulnerability of the TTC is particularlyacute

43

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto

City of Toronto

Toronto Parking Authority Board

2 Elected City Council members5 citizen members

ParkingBike Share

Toronto Transit Commission

7 Elected City Council members4 citizen members appointed by City

Council

Wheel-TransBus

StreetcarSubway

Province of Ontario

Metrolinx

14 unelected citizen members

appointed by provincial cabinet

GO TransitUP Express

PRESTO fare card

FutureLRT

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes

Colour indicates majority control of transportation mode

Greater Toronto Arearsquos25 cities amp towns

(5 additional in GTHA)

44

Greater Toronto amp Hamilton Area (GTHA)Population Density

Mixed Signals 2018

Boston

City of Boston

BikeShare

Commonwealth of Massachusetts

MassDOTBoard of Directors

11 citizen members

appointed by Governor of

MA

Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority

ParkingParaTransitBus FerrySubway

Commuter Rail

CharlieCardFare Card

MBTA Fiscal and

MgmtControl Board

5 members appointed

by Governor

of MA

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


MassachusettsPopulation Density

Greater Bostonrsquos175 cities amp towns

MBTA Advisory

Board175 members appointed by chief elected

official of each city and town in the district

45

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago

Regional Transportation Authority Board16 members total 5 appointed by the Mayor of Chicago 4 by the Cook County Board 1 by the Cook County Board President 5 by the ldquoCollar Countiesrdquo Board

Chairs (1 each) and 1 elected by a super-majority of Board members

Pace Board of Directors

13 members total 12 appointed by Collar Counties Board Chairs

and the Suburban members of the Cook

County Board (1 each) and 1 by the Mayor of Chicago Chair appointed by majority vote of all except the Mayor

ParaTransit Suburban Bus Vanpool

Chicago Transit Authority

Board of Directors7 members total

4 appointed by Mayor of Chicago and 3 by

the Governor of Illinois

Parking Bus Elevated Trains Ventra Fare

Card

Metra Board of Directors

11 members total 1 appointed by Mayor

of Chicago 4 by the Cook County Board 1 by the Cook County

Board President and 5 by the Collar

Counties Board Chairs (1 each)

Commuter Rail

Governor of Illinois

Mayor of Chicago

Cook County Board

Cook County Board

President

ldquoCollar Countiesrdquo

Board Chairs

Divvy Bike Share

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes

Illinois

Greater Chicagorsquos126 cities amp towns

City of ChicagoPopulation Density

Colour indicates majority control of transportation mode 46

Mixed Signals 2018

Houston

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Harris CountyPopulation Density

Texas

Parking ParaTransit BusLight Rail Q Fare Card

Metropolitan Transit Authority of Harris County

9 members total 5 appointed by City of Houston 2 by Harris County Commissioners Court and 2 by the 14 Multi-Cities in

METRO Service Area

City of Houston

Harris County Commissioners

Court

14 Multi-Cities in METROrsquos

Service Area

47

Harris Countyrsquos 23 cities amp towns

Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles

Bike Share Bike Paths Carpool Lanes Freeway Car Service Parking Bus Light Rail Subway TAP Fare Card

Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority Board14 members total 5 LA County

Supervisors the Mayor of LA and 3 appointees and 4 council members of LA County member cities other than LA itself and the 14th non-voting member

by the Governor of California

Go

vern

or

of

Cal

ifo

rnia

May

or

of

Los

An

gele

s

Los Angeles Countyrsquos

87 Member Cities

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes

Colour indicates majority control of transportation modeLos Angeles CountyPopulation Density

Commuter Rail

Southern California Regional Rail Authority Board

11 members total 4 appointed by Southern California Regional Rail

Authority 2 by Orange County 2 by Riverside County 2 by San Bernadino

County and 1 by Ventura County

Ora

nge

Co

un

ty

Riv

ers

ide

Co

un

ty

San

Be

rnar

din

o C

ou

nty

Ve

ntu

ra C

ou

nty

Los Angeles County

48

Los Angeles Countyrsquos127 cities amp towns

Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Taxibus ParaTransit Parking Bus Subway

OPUS Fare Card

Socieacuteteacute de transport de Montreacuteal Board of Directors

7-10 members appointed by the City of Montreacuteal from its council

and the councils of the urban agglomeration (up to 7

members) 1 ParaTransitrepresentative and 2 rider

representatives 1 of whom must be under age 35

Commuter Rail

Reacuteseau de transport meacutetropolitainBoard of Directors

15 members total 4 appointed by Greater Montrealrsquos council (including

one rider and one ParaTransitrepresentative) 2 by the Island of

Montreal regional council 1 by Longueuil council 1 by Laval council

and the 8 mayors of cities on the North (4)

and South (4) shores

Co

mm

un

auteacute

meacutet

rop

olit

ain

ed

e M

on

treacutea

l

Agg

lom

eacuterat

ion

de

Lon

gueu

il

Vill

e d

e La

val

No

rth

Sh

ore

Sou

th S

ho

re

Island of Montrealrsquos15 Municipalities

Montreacuteal Agglomeration Council

49

Greater MontrealPopulation Density

Mixed Signals 2018

Greater Vancouverrsquos21 Municipalities Electoral Area and the Tsawwassen First Nation (above) andPopulation Density (left)

Vancouver

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Cit

y o

f V

anco

uve

r

Parking ParaTransit Ferry Bus SkyTrain Commuter Rail Compass Fare Card

South Coast British Columbia Transportation Authority(ldquoTranslinkrdquo) Board of Directors

11 members appointed by the Mayorsrsquo Council from shortlist prepared by the Screening Panel

Screening Panel

5 members appointed by the five organizations above

Mayorsrsquo Council

21 mayors of Metro Vancouver municipalities

and the Chief of Tsawwassen First Nation

BC

Min

iste

r o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n

Gre

ater

Van

cou

ver

Gat

eway

Co

un

cil

Ch

arte

red

Acc

ou

nta

nts

of

BC

Van

cou

ver

Bo

ard

of

Trad

e

50

Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Capital Bikeshare

Arl

ingt

on

Co

un

ty V

A

Ale

xan

dri

a V

A

Fair

fax

Co

un

ty V

A

Mo

ntg

om

ery

Co

un

ty M

D

Parking ParaTransit Bus Subway SmarTrip Fare Card

Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority Board of Directors

16 members (8 voting 8 alternate) total with 4 appointed by Council of the District of Columbia 4 by Northern Virginia Transportation Commission 4 by Washington Suburban Transit Commission and

4 by United States Secretary of Transportation

No

rth

ern

Vir

gin

ia T

ran

spo

rtat

ion

C

om

mis

sio

n (

Vir

gin

ia)

Was

hin

gto

n S

ub

urb

an T

ran

sit

Co

mm

issi

on

(M

aryl

and

)

Un

ited

Sta

tes

Secr

etar

y o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n

Population Density in the District of Columbia and its neighbor states of Delaware Maryland and Virginia

Council of theDistrict of Columbia

51

Mixed Signals 2018

Percentage of Local Agency Board from

Local Core CityCity

Region County

Province State

Federal Govt

Privatized Agency at any level

Rider representative on the Board

ParaTransitrepresentative on the Board

Unelected Board members

paid

Toronto 100 ◼ ◼

Boston 0 ◼

Chicago 31 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston 56 ◼ ◼

Los Angeles 31 ◼ ◼ ◼

Montreal 100 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Vancouver 5 ◼ ◼

Washington DC

25 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Local Agency Boards of DirectorsMembership amp Control

Local Agency Board Members Representinghellip

52

Mixed Signals 2018

Boards of Directors and Equity

2

2

3

1

6

6

4

5

5

7

13

9

8

6

9

8

5

6

5

7

Washington DC WMATA

Toronto TTC

Boston MBTA

Chicago CTA

Montreal RTM

Los Angeles Metro

Houston Metro

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Toronto Metrolinx

Gender

Me

n

Wo

me

n

0

0

0

1

3

2

4

5

2

4

17

11

10

10

11

9

10

10

7

3

Montreal RTM

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Boston MBTA

Toronto Metrolinx

Toronto TTC

Los Angeles Metro

Washington DC WMATA

Houston Metro

Chicago CTA

Black Indigenous amp People of Colour

IncreasedBalance

Wh

ite

BIP

OC

53

Mixed Signals 2018

FaresDownload this report with clickable links at wwwCodeRedTOcom

CityRegion Source(s)

Toronto TTC wwwTTCca GO Transit wwwgotransitcomProvincial Inflation httpinflationcalculatorcaontarioFare History httpstransittorontooncaspare0021shtml

Boston MBTA wwwMBTAcomLocal Inflation httpswwwblsgovregionsnew-englanddataconsumerpriceindex_boston_tablehtmFare History httpbetametrobostondatacommonorgsite_mediauploadsDataDay2012_Pollack-The_State_of_MBTA_Financespdf

Chicago CTA wwwtransitChicagocom Metra wwwmetrarailcomLocal Inflation httpswwwblsgovregionsmidwestdataconsumerpriceindexhistorical_chicago_tablepdfFare History httpswwwchicagorailfancomfareshtml

Houston Metro wwwrideMetroorgLocal Inflation httpswwwblsgovregionssouthwestdataconsumerpriceindexhistorical_houston1967_tablepdfFare History httpswwwcapmetroorguploadedFilesCapmetroorgPlans_and_ProgressFare_Changefarestudy20final20draftpdf

Los Angeles Metro wwwmetronet Metrolink wwwmetrolinktrainscomLocal Inflation httpswwwblsgovregionswestdataconsumerpriceindex_losangeles_tablepdfFare History httpssocatanetnewslettertransit-avocate-1992-1999 httphumantransitorg201003los-angeles-times-columnist-slams-transfer-penaltieshtml httpswwwmetronetnewssimple_prmetro-fare-changes-be-implemented-september-15-off

Montreal STM wwwstminfo Exo (formerly AMTRTM) httpsrtmquebecProvincial Inflation httpinflationcalculatorcaquebecFare History httpwwwstminfoenaboutfinancial_and_corporate_informationbudget-and-reportsbudgets-stm

Vancouver Translink wwwtranslinkcaProvincial Inflation httpinflationcalculatorcabritish-columbiaFare History httpswwwtranslinkca-mediaDocumentsrider_guideBuzzer20Vault1990s1997Buzzer_1997_09_19pdfhttpwwwcbccabcnewsbc-080723-Fare-Evasion-pwcpdf httpswwwhuffingtonpostca20121113translink-fare-increase_n_2126829htmlhttpdailyhivecomvancouvertranslink-fares-increase-july-1-2018 httpswwwcbccanewscanadabritish-columbiatransit-fares-hit-5-in-metro-vancouver-1726003 httpswwwpolicyalternativescasitesdefaultfilesuploadspublicationsBC_Office_Pubsbc_2007bc_transit_btnpdf

Washington DC

WMATA wwwwmatacom MARC httpsmtamarylandgovmarc-train VRE httpswwwvreorgLocal Inflation httpswwwblsgovregionsmid-atlanticdc_washington_mdhtmFare History httpswwwwmatacomaboutrecordspublic_docsuploadHistory-of-Fare-Increases-FY2015pdf

Canada Inflation Calculator httpswwwbankofcanadacaratesrelatedinflation-calculatorUS Inflation Calculator httpswwwusinflationcalculatorcomFarebox Recovery Ratio httpsenwikipediaorgwikiFarebox_recovery_ratiohttpscmsftadotgovsitesftadotgovfilesdocsntd66026top-50-summary-and-complete-profile-set_1pdf

54

Mixed Signals 2018

NetworksDownload this report with clickable links at wwwCodeRedTOcom


Toronto TTC wwwTTCca GO Transit wwwgotransitcomMaps StreetcarSubway httpswwwttccaRoutesGeneral_InformationMapsindexjsp GO Transit httpswwwgotransitcomentrip-planningsystem-and-route-mapOperating Statistics httpswwwttccaAbout_the_TTCOperating_Statistics2016section_onejspCorporate Plan 2018-2022 httpttccaAbout_the_TTCCommission_reports_and_informationCommission_meetings2018January_25Reports1_Corporate_Plan_2018-2022pdf

Boston MBTA wwwMBTAcomMaps Subway httpswwwmbtacomschedulessubway Rail httpswwwmbtacomschedulescommuter-railExpansion httpswwwbostoncomnewslocal-news20171220mbta-changes

Chicago CTA wwwtransitChicagocom Metra wwwmetrarailcomMaps L Metra

Houston Metro wwwrideMetroorgMap httpswwwridemetroorgPagesSchedulesBusRailaspx

Los Angeles Metro wwwmetronet Metrolink wwwmetrolinktrainscomMap httpswwwmetronetridingmapsExpansion httpswwwmetronetprojectscrenshaw_corridor

Montreal STM wwwstminfo Exo (formerly AMTRTM) httpsrtmquebecMaps STM exo

Vancouver Translink wwwtranslinkcaMaps SkyTrain httpswwwtranslinkcaSchedules-and-MapsTransit-System-Mapsaspx West Coast Express httpswwwtranslinkcaSchedules-and-MapsWest-Coast-ExpressWCE-Station-Mapsaspx

Washington DC

WMATA wwwwmatacom MARC httpsmtamarylandgovmarc-train VRE httpswwwvreorgMetroAccess httpswwwwmatacomserviceaccessibilitymetro-access

Additional network details UrbanRailnetRidership American Public Transportation Association Q4 2017 Ridership ReportMode Share Streetsblog Statistics Canada

55

Mixed Signals 2018

BudgetsDownload this report with clickable links at wwwCodeRedTOcom


Toronto TTC wwwttcca2017-2018 TTC amp Wheel-Trans Operating Budgets httpswwwttccaAbout_the_TTCCommission_reports_and_informationCommittee_meetingsBudget2017November_17Reports1_2018_TTC_and_Wheel-Trans_Operating_Budgetspdf httpswwwtorontocalegdocsmmis2017exbgrdbackgroundfile-100738pdf

Boston MBTA wwwmbtacom2017 Fiscal Year Audited Financial Statements httpsd3044s2alrsxogcloudfrontnetsitesdefaultfiles2017-12fy17-audited-financial-statementspdf

Chicago CTA wwwtransitchicagocom2017 Fiscal Year Budget Book httpwwwtransitchicagocomassets1finance_budgetFY17_Budget_Book_FINALpdf

Houston Metro wwwridemetroorgComprehensive Annual Financial Report 2016 httpswwwridemetroorgMetroPDFsFinancialAuditInformation2017FY2016-CAFRpdf

Los Angeles Metro wwwmetronet2018 Fiscal Year Proposed Budget httpsmediametronetabout_usfinanceimagesfy18_proposed_budget_2017-05pdf

Montreal STM httpstminfo2016 Annual Report httpwwwstminfositesdefaultfilesaffairespubliquesCommuniquesstm_rapport_annuel_2016_finalpdf

Vancouver Translink wwwtranslinkca2017 Business Plan and Operating and Capital Budget httpswwwtranslinkca-mediaDocumentsabout_translinkcorporate_overviewcorporate_reportsbusiness_plan2017_business_plan_and_operating_and_capital_budgetpdf

Washington DC

WMATA wwwwmatacom2018 Approved Budget httpswwwwmatacomaboutrecordspublic_docsuploadApproved-Budget-Final_v1pdf

Sankey Flow Diagrams wwwsankeymaticcomSubsidy per Rider 2017 TTC and Wheel-Trans Operating Budgets WatchdogorgRevenue Sources fileCUserscameronmacleodDownloadsDedicated20Revenue20Sources20for20Major20Transit20AgenciespdfRevenue Recommendations httpswwwtorontocalegdocsmmis2014exbgrdbackgroundfile-67455pdfhttpwwwocccaPublicationsThe-2Billion-Question_onlinepdfhttpswwwpolicyalternativescasitesdefaultfilesuploadspublicationsOntario20Office201305Torontos_2andHalf_Billion_Dollar_Questionpdfhttpwwwmetrolinxcomenregionalplanningfundinginvestment_strategyaspx

56

Mixed Signals 2018

GovernanceDownload this report with clickable links at wwwCodeRedTOcom


Toronto TTC Board httpswwwttccaAbout_the_TTCCommission_reports_and_informationindexjspMetrolinx httpwwwmetrolinxcomenaboutusboardboard_of_directors_biosaspxOntario Ministry of Transportation httpswwwontariocapageministry-transportationRegion httpscommonswikimediaorgwikiFileGreater_toronto_area_mapsvgDensity httpscensusmappercamaps59110435789-794888

Boston MBTA Fiscal and Management Control Board (FMCB) httpswwwmbtacomleadershipfmcbMBTA Advisory Board httpwwwmbtaadvisoryboardorgMassachussetts Department of Transportation (MassDOT) httpswwwmassgovorgsmassachusetts-department-of-transportationRegion httpwwwmbtaadvisoryboardorgabout-usDensity httpsenwikipediaorgwikiDemographics_of_Massachusetts

Chicago Chicago Transit Board httpswwwtransitchicagocomboardMetra Rail Board of Directors httpsmetrarailcomabout-metraleadershipRegion httpsenwikipediaorgwikiCook_County_IllinoisDensity httpswwwflickrcomphotosmindfrieze4037618743httpsenwikipediaorgwikiChicago

Houston Metro Board httpswwwridemetroorgPagesBoardOfDirectorsaspxRegion httpscommonswikimediaorgwikiFileMap_of_Texas_highlighting_Harris_Countysvghttpswwwhoustontxgovcontrollerinvestorrelations2017invconfmetropdfDensity httpsenwikipediaorgwikiDemographics_of_TexashttpscommonswikimediaorgwikiFileHoustonpopulationdensityPNG

Los Angeles Metro Board httpswwwmetronetaboutboardMetrolink Board httpswwwmetrolinktrainscomaboutagencyboard-of-directorsRegion httpscommonswikimediaorgwikiFileLA_districts_mapsvgDensity httpscommonswikimediaorgwikiFileLACountyPopDensitypng

Montreal Socieacuteteacute de transport de Montreacuteal Board of Directors (English link) httpwwwstminfoenaboutcorporate-governanceboard-directorsExo Governance (French link) httpsrtmquebecfra-proposgouvernanceRegion httpsfrwikipediaorgwikiMontrC3A9al Density httpscensusmappercamaps59111455470-736019

Vancouver Translink Governance httpswwwtranslinkcaAbout-UsGovernance-and-BoardaspxRegion httpsenwikipediaorgwikiVancouver Density httpscensusmappercamaps59111492756-1231155

Washington DC

WMATA Board of Directors httpswwwwmatacomaboutboard MARC httpsmtamarylandgovabout-mta VRE httpswwwvreorgaboutboardRegion httpscommonswikimediaorgwikiFileWashington_DC_locator_mapsvgDensity httpscommonswikimediaorgwikiFileVirginia_population_mappng httpscommonswikimediaorgwikiFileMaryland_population_mappnghttpscommonswikimediaorgwikiFileWest_Virginia_population_mappng httpscommonswikimediaorgwikiFileDelaware_population_mappng

Map Attributions

Canadian density maps ndash copy CensusMapper Data provided by Statistics Canada

Density Maps for California Delaware Maryland Massachusetts Texas Virginia and West Virginiandash copy JimIrwin CC-BY-SA-30 GFDL

Density Maps for Houston TX and Los Angeles County CA ndash Public Domain Government Agency Publication

Density Map for Chicago ndash copy David B Gleason CC-BY-SA-20

Region Maps for Greater Boston Area Harris County TX Los Angeles County CA Montreal and Texas ndash Public Domain

Region Map for Greater Toronto Area ndash copy mortadelo2005 CC-BY-SA-30 GFDL

Region Map for Cook and DuPage Counties IL ndash copy DemocraticLuntz at English Wikipedia

Region Map for Los Angeles neighbourhood groupings ndash copy Peter Fitzgerald CC-BY-SA-20

Region Map for Vancouver ndash copy TastyCakes on English Wikipedia

Region Map for Washington DC ndash copy Patrickneil CC-BY-SA-30 GFDL

57

Mixed Signals 2018

copy 2018 CodeRedTO

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 40 International License This license lets others remix tweak and build upon our work non-commercially as long as they credit CodeRedTO and license their new creations under the identical terms To view a copy of this license visit

httpcreativecommonsorglicensesby-nc-sa40 or send a letter to Creative Commons PO Box 1866 Mountain View CA 94042 USA

Download this report at wwwCodeRedTOcom

Mixed Signals 2018

About CodeRedTO

CodeRedTO is a consciously non-partisan volunteer-run localand regional transit advocate We promote more and bettertransit options for more residents using all availabletechnologies where appropriate creating better information forbetter decision-making completion of efficient and approvedplans and support increased predictable funding for publictransit expansion and operation

CodeRedTO is funded through personal donations and grantsfrom non-profit agencies and foundations and directed by anadvisory board with no financial interest in any transportationprojects or agencies

CodeRedTO was founded in 2011

infoCodeRedTOcom

CodeRedTO

CodeRedTO

Report Authors amp Contributors

Cameron MacLeod is a CodeRedTO cofounder and ExecutiveDirector and has explored transit systems in 25 cities worldwidein ten countries and on three continents So far By day he runs anationwide technical team at a Canadian customer intelligencesoftware company

Patricia Wood is Professor of Geography and co-founder of theCity Institute at York University She has particular interests indemocratic practices and peoplersquos mobility She is also an urbanaffairs columnist for Spacingca

Matthew Whittier is a graduate of Queens University inMechanical Engineering who has worked in renewable energyand whose interest in urban planning and transportationbrought him into this project

Benjamin Wert works in arts administration and has a keeninterest in municipal affairs His favourite transit experiencesinclude riding every L line in Chicago from end to end goingacross Torontorsquos Price Edward Viaduct at twilight and using theRoosevelt Island tramway

Acknowledgements

This report would not exist without the efforts of dedicated TTCCity of Toronto and Metrolinx employees and transit-involvedteams across North America bringing safe and reliable publictransit to residents each day under (as this report shows)significantly challenging variations in funding networkresilience and governmental accountability

Mixed Signals 2018

Executive Summary





Toronto hashellip


Toronto needshellip












1

Mixed Signals 2018


City Pop

Urban Area

HeavyRail

Rail in Exclusive

ROW


ROW


Multi-Mode and

Multi-Line

Fare Card

System




Toronto TTC 28m 72m ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼















2

Mixed Signals 2018






















3

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto (TTC)











+8750

+4524

+4812

1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018



4

Mixed Signals 2018

Boston (MBTA)









Annual Pass na


+22353

+5409

+5997

1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018



5

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago (CTA)









Annual Pass na


+6667

+5409

+4457

1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018



6

Mixed Signals 2018

Houston (Metro)







Monthly Pass na

Weekly Pass na

Annual Pass na


+15000

+5409

+5491

1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018



7

Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles (Metro)









Annual Pass na


+2963

+5409

+6360

1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018



8

Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal (STM)









Annual Pass na


+7568

+4524

+3963

1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018



9

Mixed Signals 2018








Weekly Pass na


Annual Pass na


+9667

+4524

+3608

1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018



10

Mixed Signals 2018









Monthly Pass na

Annual Pass na


+10455

+5409

+6001

1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018



11

Mixed Signals 2018


USA Inflation +5409


Boston MBTA +22353

Chicago CTA +6667


LA Metro +2963

Montreal STM +7568


1998 2018

Toronto TTC +8750

12

Mixed Signals 2018


66

44

40

33

24

39

31

54

Wash DC Metro

Boston MBTA

LA Metro

Chicago CTA

Houston Metro

Toronto TTC

Montreal STM

Vancouver Translink

Daily

267

77

143

110

135

81


307

571

350

450

262

322


13

Mixed Signals 2018





















14

Mixed Signals 2018









15

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto






64 km(164 in ~2022)

6(19 in ~2022)


232 km(432 in ~2022)

68(98 in ~2022)


83 km ~300


452 km 66





Wheel-Trans

87730037800

2878001406800

20420013800


16

Mixed Signals 2018

Boston



681 km 62


37 km(439 in ~2022)

66(73 in ~2022)





BusCommuter Rail

ParaTransit

321000204000233100123100

6400


17

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago







729200805500285400

17600


18

Commuter Rail

Mixed Signals 2018

Houston



365 km 39


Light RailBus

ParaTransit

61100222800

6400


19

Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles



316 km 22


313 km 14


1101 km(1238 in

~2019)

68(76 in

~2019)


859 km 61



SubwayLight Rail

BusCommuter Rail

ParaTransit

138500219900896400

3780010800



20

Mixed Signals 2018






SubwayBus


1298400917000

8490013900


21

Commuter Rail

Mixed Signals 2018

Vancouver



796 km 53



SkyTrainBus

FerryCommuter Rail

472100789400

167009300


22

Commuter Rail

Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC







SubwayLight Rail

BusCommuter Rail

ParaTransit

7602003700

374600(est) 77000

(est) 8000


23


Mixed Signals 2018


Line 1 - 396 km

Line 2 - 275 km

Line 3 - 64 km

Line 4 - 55 km


Red ndash 330 km

Orange ndash 180 km

Blue - 95 km


Purple - 106 km

Green - 53 km


Red - 355 km

Green - 325 km

Orange - 200 km

Brown - 182 km

Pink - 170 km

Yellow - 80 km

Purple - 64 km


Gold - 501 km

Blue - 355 km

Green - 313 km

Expo - 245 km

Red - 236 km

Purple ndash 80 km

Orange ndash 300 km

Green - 221 km

Blue - 97 km

Yellow - 43 km


Expo ndash 350 km

Millennium - 253 km

Canada - 195 km


Red ndash 513 km

Blue - 488 km

Silver - 476 km

Orange - 425 km

Green - 371 km

Yellow - 243 km


24

Mixed Signals 2018


London

Boston

Chicago

Paris

New York City

Toronto

Montreal

Washington DC

Vancouver

Los Angeles

Houston

1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

101 (Paris 1900-1910)

41 (New York City 1930-1940)

1 (Toronto 1990-2000)


25

Mixed Signals 2018


0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

WashingtonDC



46 22 11 27 11 77 100 0km

26

Mixed Signals 2018


22

51

120

136

144

204

223

243












27

Mixed Signals 2018


0

05

1

15

2

25

3


Boston Houston

Mill

ion

s


28

Mixed Signals 2018


0

2

4

6

8

10

12


Mill

ion

s

29

Mixed Signals 2018




















30

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto TTC (2017)



31

Mixed Signals 2018

Boston MBTA (2017)



32

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago CTA (2017)



33

Mixed Signals 2018




34

Mixed Signals 2018





35

Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal STM (2016)



36

Mixed Signals 2018




37

Mixed Signals 2018




38

Mixed Signals 2018


41

129

208

333

398

415

696

558

460



Boston (MBTA 2016)

Chicago (CTA 2016)


Toronto (TTC 2017)


Montreal (STM 2016)



Other Revenue

304

Fares696

39

Mixed Signals 2018


40

759

792

503

525

550

304

511

602



Boston MBTA (2017)


Chicago CTA (2017)

Toronto TTC (2017)

Montreal STM (2016)


$1177

$884

$681

$538

$318

$210

$212

$478




857mtrips

$210per trip

$18bbudget

Mixed Signals 2018

$475

$412

$337

$273

$237 $229

$175

$090

$116

$169$186 $190 $196 $190

$230

$308

$374




553000000rides



41

Mixed Signals 2018


Gas and Fuel Taxes

Parking Tax

Dev Charges

TollsPaid

ParkingVehicle

Tax

Land Transfer

Tax

Toronto ◼ ◼

Boston ◼ ◼

Chicago ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston ◼ ◼

Los Angeles ◼ ◼

Montreal ◼



Recommended by









Mixed Signals 2018





















43

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto

City of Toronto



ParkingBike Share



Council

Wheel-TransBus

StreetcarSubway

Province of Ontario

Metrolinx




PRESTO fare card

FutureLRT

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




44


Mixed Signals 2018

Boston

City of Boston

BikeShare



11 citizen members


MA



Commuter Rail


MBTA Fiscal and

MgmtControl Board

5 members appointed

by Governor

of MA

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




MBTA Advisory



45

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago













Card






Commuter Rail


Mayor of Chicago

Cook County Board

Cook County Board

President


Board Chairs

Divvy Bike Share

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes

Illinois




Mixed Signals 2018

Houston

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



Texas




METRO Service Area

City of Houston


Court


Service Area

47


Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles





Go

vern

or

of

Cal

ifo

rnia

May

or

of

Los

An

gele

s


87 Member Cities

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Commuter Rail





Ora

nge

Co

un

ty

Riv

ers

ide

Co

un

ty

San

Be

rnar

din

o C

ou

nty

Ve

ntu

ra C

ou

nty

Los Angeles County

48


Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



OPUS Fare Card






Commuter Rail







Co

mm

un

auteacute

meacutet

rop

olit

ain

ed

e M

on

treacutea

l

Agg

lom

eacuterat

ion

de

Lon

gueu

il

Vill

e d

e La

val

No

rth

Sh

ore

Sou

th S

ho

re



49


Mixed Signals 2018


Vancouver

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Cit

y o

f V

anco

uve

r




Screening Panel


Mayorsrsquo Council



BC

Min

iste

r o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n

Gre

ater

Van

cou

ver

Gat

eway

Co

un

cil

Ch

arte

red

Acc

ou

nta

nts

of

BC

Van

cou

ver

Bo

ard

of

Trad

e

50

Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Capital Bikeshare

Arl

ingt

on

Co

un

ty V

A

Ale

xan

dri

a V

A

Fair

fax

Co

un

ty V

A

Mo

ntg

om

ery

Co

un

ty M

D





No

rth

ern

Vir

gin

ia T

ran

spo

rtat

ion

C

om

mis

sio

n (

Vir

gin

ia)

Was

hin

gto

n S

ub

urb

an T

ran

sit

Co

mm

issi

on

(M

aryl

and

)

Un

ited

Sta

tes

Secr

etar

y o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n



51

Mixed Signals 2018


Local Core CityCity

Region County

Province State

Federal Govt





paid

Toronto 100 ◼ ◼

Boston 0 ◼

Chicago 31 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston 56 ◼ ◼


Montreal 100 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Vancouver 5 ◼ ◼

Washington DC

25 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼



52

Mixed Signals 2018


2

2

3

1

6

6

4

5

5

7

13

9

8

6

9

8

5

6

5

7

Washington DC WMATA

Toronto TTC

Boston MBTA

Chicago CTA

Montreal RTM

Los Angeles Metro

Houston Metro

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Toronto Metrolinx

Gender

Me

n

Wo

me

n

0

0

0

1

3

2

4

5

2

4

17

11

10

10

11

9

10

10

7

3

Montreal RTM

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Boston MBTA

Toronto Metrolinx

Toronto TTC

Los Angeles Metro

Washington DC WMATA

Houston Metro

Chicago CTA


IncreasedBalance

Wh

ite

BIP

OC

53

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



54

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



55

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



56

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC


Map Attributions











57

Mixed Signals 2018

copy 2018 CodeRedTO




Mixed Signals 2018

Executive Summary





Toronto hashellip


Toronto needshellip












1

Mixed Signals 2018


City Pop

Urban Area

HeavyRail

Rail in Exclusive

ROW


ROW


Multi-Mode and

Multi-Line

Fare Card

System




Toronto TTC 28m 72m ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼















2

Mixed Signals 2018






















3

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto (TTC)











+8750

+4524

+4812

1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018



4

Mixed Signals 2018

Boston (MBTA)









Annual Pass na


+22353

+5409

+5997

1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018



5

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago (CTA)









Annual Pass na


+6667

+5409

+4457

1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018



6

Mixed Signals 2018

Houston (Metro)







Monthly Pass na

Weekly Pass na

Annual Pass na


+15000

+5409

+5491

1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018



7

Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles (Metro)









Annual Pass na


+2963

+5409

+6360

1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018



8

Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal (STM)









Annual Pass na


+7568

+4524

+3963

1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018



9

Mixed Signals 2018








Weekly Pass na


Annual Pass na


+9667

+4524

+3608

1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018



10

Mixed Signals 2018









Monthly Pass na

Annual Pass na


+10455

+5409

+6001

1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018



11

Mixed Signals 2018


USA Inflation +5409


Boston MBTA +22353

Chicago CTA +6667


LA Metro +2963

Montreal STM +7568


1998 2018

Toronto TTC +8750

12

Mixed Signals 2018


66

44

40

33

24

39

31

54

Wash DC Metro

Boston MBTA

LA Metro

Chicago CTA

Houston Metro

Toronto TTC

Montreal STM

Vancouver Translink

Daily

267

77

143

110

135

81


307

571

350

450

262

322


13

Mixed Signals 2018





















14

Mixed Signals 2018









15

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto






64 km(164 in ~2022)

6(19 in ~2022)


232 km(432 in ~2022)

68(98 in ~2022)


83 km ~300


452 km 66





Wheel-Trans

87730037800

2878001406800

20420013800


16

Mixed Signals 2018

Boston



681 km 62


37 km(439 in ~2022)

66(73 in ~2022)





BusCommuter Rail

ParaTransit

321000204000233100123100

6400


17

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago







729200805500285400

17600


18

Commuter Rail

Mixed Signals 2018

Houston



365 km 39


Light RailBus

ParaTransit

61100222800

6400


19

Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles



316 km 22


313 km 14


1101 km(1238 in

~2019)

68(76 in

~2019)


859 km 61



SubwayLight Rail

BusCommuter Rail

ParaTransit

138500219900896400

3780010800



20

Mixed Signals 2018






SubwayBus


1298400917000

8490013900


21

Commuter Rail

Mixed Signals 2018

Vancouver



796 km 53



SkyTrainBus

FerryCommuter Rail

472100789400

167009300


22

Commuter Rail

Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC







SubwayLight Rail

BusCommuter Rail

ParaTransit

7602003700

374600(est) 77000

(est) 8000


23


Mixed Signals 2018


Line 1 - 396 km

Line 2 - 275 km

Line 3 - 64 km

Line 4 - 55 km


Red ndash 330 km

Orange ndash 180 km

Blue - 95 km


Purple - 106 km

Green - 53 km


Red - 355 km

Green - 325 km

Orange - 200 km

Brown - 182 km

Pink - 170 km

Yellow - 80 km

Purple - 64 km


Gold - 501 km

Blue - 355 km

Green - 313 km

Expo - 245 km

Red - 236 km

Purple ndash 80 km

Orange ndash 300 km

Green - 221 km

Blue - 97 km

Yellow - 43 km


Expo ndash 350 km

Millennium - 253 km

Canada - 195 km


Red ndash 513 km

Blue - 488 km

Silver - 476 km

Orange - 425 km

Green - 371 km

Yellow - 243 km


24

Mixed Signals 2018


London

Boston

Chicago

Paris

New York City

Toronto

Montreal

Washington DC

Vancouver

Los Angeles

Houston

1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

101 (Paris 1900-1910)

41 (New York City 1930-1940)

1 (Toronto 1990-2000)


25

Mixed Signals 2018


0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

WashingtonDC



46 22 11 27 11 77 100 0km

26

Mixed Signals 2018


22

51

120

136

144

204

223

243












27

Mixed Signals 2018


0

05

1

15

2

25

3


Boston Houston

Mill

ion

s


28

Mixed Signals 2018


0

2

4

6

8

10

12


Mill

ion

s

29

Mixed Signals 2018




















30

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto TTC (2017)



31

Mixed Signals 2018

Boston MBTA (2017)



32

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago CTA (2017)



33

Mixed Signals 2018




34

Mixed Signals 2018





35

Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal STM (2016)



36

Mixed Signals 2018




37

Mixed Signals 2018




38

Mixed Signals 2018


41

129

208

333

398

415

696

558

460



Boston (MBTA 2016)

Chicago (CTA 2016)


Toronto (TTC 2017)


Montreal (STM 2016)



Other Revenue

304

Fares696

39

Mixed Signals 2018


40

759

792

503

525

550

304

511

602



Boston MBTA (2017)


Chicago CTA (2017)

Toronto TTC (2017)

Montreal STM (2016)


$1177

$884

$681

$538

$318

$210

$212

$478




857mtrips

$210per trip

$18bbudget

Mixed Signals 2018

$475

$412

$337

$273

$237 $229

$175

$090

$116

$169$186 $190 $196 $190

$230

$308

$374




553000000rides



41

Mixed Signals 2018


Gas and Fuel Taxes

Parking Tax

Dev Charges

TollsPaid

ParkingVehicle

Tax

Land Transfer

Tax

Toronto ◼ ◼

Boston ◼ ◼

Chicago ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston ◼ ◼

Los Angeles ◼ ◼

Montreal ◼



Recommended by









Mixed Signals 2018





















43

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto

City of Toronto



ParkingBike Share



Council

Wheel-TransBus

StreetcarSubway

Province of Ontario

Metrolinx




PRESTO fare card

FutureLRT

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




44


Mixed Signals 2018

Boston

City of Boston

BikeShare



11 citizen members


MA



Commuter Rail


MBTA Fiscal and

MgmtControl Board

5 members appointed

by Governor

of MA

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




MBTA Advisory



45

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago













Card






Commuter Rail


Mayor of Chicago

Cook County Board

Cook County Board

President


Board Chairs

Divvy Bike Share

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes

Illinois




Mixed Signals 2018

Houston

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



Texas




METRO Service Area

City of Houston


Court


Service Area

47


Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles





Go

vern

or

of

Cal

ifo

rnia

May

or

of

Los

An

gele

s


87 Member Cities

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Commuter Rail





Ora

nge

Co

un

ty

Riv

ers

ide

Co

un

ty

San

Be

rnar

din

o C

ou

nty

Ve

ntu

ra C

ou

nty

Los Angeles County

48


Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



OPUS Fare Card






Commuter Rail







Co

mm

un

auteacute

meacutet

rop

olit

ain

ed

e M

on

treacutea

l

Agg

lom

eacuterat

ion

de

Lon

gueu

il

Vill

e d

e La

val

No

rth

Sh

ore

Sou

th S

ho

re



49


Mixed Signals 2018


Vancouver

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Cit

y o

f V

anco

uve

r




Screening Panel


Mayorsrsquo Council



BC

Min

iste

r o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n

Gre

ater

Van

cou

ver

Gat

eway

Co

un

cil

Ch

arte

red

Acc

ou

nta

nts

of

BC

Van

cou

ver

Bo

ard

of

Trad

e

50

Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Capital Bikeshare

Arl

ingt

on

Co

un

ty V

A

Ale

xan

dri

a V

A

Fair

fax

Co

un

ty V

A

Mo

ntg

om

ery

Co

un

ty M

D





No

rth

ern

Vir

gin

ia T

ran

spo

rtat

ion

C

om

mis

sio

n (

Vir

gin

ia)

Was

hin

gto

n S

ub

urb

an T

ran

sit

Co

mm

issi

on

(M

aryl

and

)

Un

ited

Sta

tes

Secr

etar

y o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n



51

Mixed Signals 2018


Local Core CityCity

Region County

Province State

Federal Govt





paid

Toronto 100 ◼ ◼

Boston 0 ◼

Chicago 31 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston 56 ◼ ◼


Montreal 100 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Vancouver 5 ◼ ◼

Washington DC

25 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼



52

Mixed Signals 2018


2

2

3

1

6

6

4

5

5

7

13

9

8

6

9

8

5

6

5

7

Washington DC WMATA

Toronto TTC

Boston MBTA

Chicago CTA

Montreal RTM

Los Angeles Metro

Houston Metro

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Toronto Metrolinx

Gender

Me

n

Wo

me

n

0

0

0

1

3

2

4

5

2

4

17

11

10

10

11

9

10

10

7

3

Montreal RTM

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Boston MBTA

Toronto Metrolinx

Toronto TTC

Los Angeles Metro

Washington DC WMATA

Houston Metro

Chicago CTA


IncreasedBalance

Wh

ite

BIP

OC

53

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



54

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



55

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



56

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC


Map Attributions











57

Mixed Signals 2018

copy 2018 CodeRedTO




Mixed Signals 2018


City Pop

Urban Area

HeavyRail

Rail in Exclusive

ROW


ROW


Multi-Mode and

Multi-Line

Fare Card

System




Toronto TTC 28m 72m ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼















2

Mixed Signals 2018






















3

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto (TTC)











+8750

+4524

+4812

1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018



4

Mixed Signals 2018

Boston (MBTA)









Annual Pass na


+22353

+5409

+5997

1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018



5

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago (CTA)









Annual Pass na


+6667

+5409

+4457

1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018



6

Mixed Signals 2018

Houston (Metro)







Monthly Pass na

Weekly Pass na

Annual Pass na


+15000

+5409

+5491

1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018



7

Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles (Metro)









Annual Pass na


+2963

+5409

+6360

1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018



8

Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal (STM)









Annual Pass na


+7568

+4524

+3963

1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018



9

Mixed Signals 2018








Weekly Pass na


Annual Pass na


+9667

+4524

+3608

1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018



10

Mixed Signals 2018









Monthly Pass na

Annual Pass na


+10455

+5409

+6001

1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018



11

Mixed Signals 2018


USA Inflation +5409


Boston MBTA +22353

Chicago CTA +6667


LA Metro +2963

Montreal STM +7568


1998 2018

Toronto TTC +8750

12

Mixed Signals 2018


66

44

40

33

24

39

31

54

Wash DC Metro

Boston MBTA

LA Metro

Chicago CTA

Houston Metro

Toronto TTC

Montreal STM

Vancouver Translink

Daily

267

77

143

110

135

81


307

571

350

450

262

322


13

Mixed Signals 2018





















14

Mixed Signals 2018









15

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto






64 km(164 in ~2022)

6(19 in ~2022)


232 km(432 in ~2022)

68(98 in ~2022)


83 km ~300


452 km 66





Wheel-Trans

87730037800

2878001406800

20420013800


16

Mixed Signals 2018

Boston



681 km 62


37 km(439 in ~2022)

66(73 in ~2022)





BusCommuter Rail

ParaTransit

321000204000233100123100

6400


17

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago







729200805500285400

17600


18

Commuter Rail

Mixed Signals 2018

Houston



365 km 39


Light RailBus

ParaTransit

61100222800

6400


19

Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles



316 km 22


313 km 14


1101 km(1238 in

~2019)

68(76 in

~2019)


859 km 61



SubwayLight Rail

BusCommuter Rail

ParaTransit

138500219900896400

3780010800



20

Mixed Signals 2018






SubwayBus


1298400917000

8490013900


21

Commuter Rail

Mixed Signals 2018

Vancouver



796 km 53



SkyTrainBus

FerryCommuter Rail

472100789400

167009300


22

Commuter Rail

Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC







SubwayLight Rail

BusCommuter Rail

ParaTransit

7602003700

374600(est) 77000

(est) 8000


23


Mixed Signals 2018


Line 1 - 396 km

Line 2 - 275 km

Line 3 - 64 km

Line 4 - 55 km


Red ndash 330 km

Orange ndash 180 km

Blue - 95 km


Purple - 106 km

Green - 53 km


Red - 355 km

Green - 325 km

Orange - 200 km

Brown - 182 km

Pink - 170 km

Yellow - 80 km

Purple - 64 km


Gold - 501 km

Blue - 355 km

Green - 313 km

Expo - 245 km

Red - 236 km

Purple ndash 80 km

Orange ndash 300 km

Green - 221 km

Blue - 97 km

Yellow - 43 km


Expo ndash 350 km

Millennium - 253 km

Canada - 195 km


Red ndash 513 km

Blue - 488 km

Silver - 476 km

Orange - 425 km

Green - 371 km

Yellow - 243 km


24

Mixed Signals 2018


London

Boston

Chicago

Paris

New York City

Toronto

Montreal

Washington DC

Vancouver

Los Angeles

Houston

1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

101 (Paris 1900-1910)

41 (New York City 1930-1940)

1 (Toronto 1990-2000)


25

Mixed Signals 2018


0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

WashingtonDC



46 22 11 27 11 77 100 0km

26

Mixed Signals 2018


22

51

120

136

144

204

223

243












27

Mixed Signals 2018


0

05

1

15

2

25

3


Boston Houston

Mill

ion

s


28

Mixed Signals 2018


0

2

4

6

8

10

12


Mill

ion

s

29

Mixed Signals 2018




















30

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto TTC (2017)



31

Mixed Signals 2018

Boston MBTA (2017)



32

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago CTA (2017)



33

Mixed Signals 2018




34

Mixed Signals 2018





35

Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal STM (2016)



36

Mixed Signals 2018




37

Mixed Signals 2018




38

Mixed Signals 2018


41

129

208

333

398

415

696

558

460



Boston (MBTA 2016)

Chicago (CTA 2016)


Toronto (TTC 2017)


Montreal (STM 2016)



Other Revenue

304

Fares696

39

Mixed Signals 2018


40

759

792

503

525

550

304

511

602



Boston MBTA (2017)


Chicago CTA (2017)

Toronto TTC (2017)

Montreal STM (2016)


$1177

$884

$681

$538

$318

$210

$212

$478




857mtrips

$210per trip

$18bbudget

Mixed Signals 2018

$475

$412

$337

$273

$237 $229

$175

$090

$116

$169$186 $190 $196 $190

$230

$308

$374




553000000rides



41

Mixed Signals 2018


Gas and Fuel Taxes

Parking Tax

Dev Charges

TollsPaid

ParkingVehicle

Tax

Land Transfer

Tax

Toronto ◼ ◼

Boston ◼ ◼

Chicago ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston ◼ ◼

Los Angeles ◼ ◼

Montreal ◼



Recommended by









Mixed Signals 2018





















43

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto

City of Toronto



ParkingBike Share



Council

Wheel-TransBus

StreetcarSubway

Province of Ontario

Metrolinx




PRESTO fare card

FutureLRT

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




44


Mixed Signals 2018

Boston

City of Boston

BikeShare



11 citizen members


MA



Commuter Rail


MBTA Fiscal and

MgmtControl Board

5 members appointed

by Governor

of MA

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




MBTA Advisory



45

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago













Card






Commuter Rail


Mayor of Chicago

Cook County Board

Cook County Board

President


Board Chairs

Divvy Bike Share

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes

Illinois




Mixed Signals 2018

Houston

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



Texas




METRO Service Area

City of Houston


Court


Service Area

47


Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles





Go

vern

or

of

Cal

ifo

rnia

May

or

of

Los

An

gele

s


87 Member Cities

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Commuter Rail





Ora

nge

Co

un

ty

Riv

ers

ide

Co

un

ty

San

Be

rnar

din

o C

ou

nty

Ve

ntu

ra C

ou

nty

Los Angeles County

48


Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



OPUS Fare Card






Commuter Rail







Co

mm

un

auteacute

meacutet

rop

olit

ain

ed

e M

on

treacutea

l

Agg

lom

eacuterat

ion

de

Lon

gueu

il

Vill

e d

e La

val

No

rth

Sh

ore

Sou

th S

ho

re



49


Mixed Signals 2018


Vancouver

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Cit

y o

f V

anco

uve

r




Screening Panel


Mayorsrsquo Council



BC

Min

iste

r o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n

Gre

ater

Van

cou

ver

Gat

eway

Co

un

cil

Ch

arte

red

Acc

ou

nta

nts

of

BC

Van

cou

ver

Bo

ard

of

Trad

e

50

Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Capital Bikeshare

Arl

ingt

on

Co

un

ty V

A

Ale

xan

dri

a V

A

Fair

fax

Co

un

ty V

A

Mo

ntg

om

ery

Co

un

ty M

D





No

rth

ern

Vir

gin

ia T

ran

spo

rtat

ion

C

om

mis

sio

n (

Vir

gin

ia)

Was

hin

gto

n S

ub

urb

an T

ran

sit

Co

mm

issi

on

(M

aryl

and

)

Un

ited

Sta

tes

Secr

etar

y o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n



51

Mixed Signals 2018


Local Core CityCity

Region County

Province State

Federal Govt





paid

Toronto 100 ◼ ◼

Boston 0 ◼

Chicago 31 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston 56 ◼ ◼


Montreal 100 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Vancouver 5 ◼ ◼

Washington DC

25 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼



52

Mixed Signals 2018


2

2

3

1

6

6

4

5

5

7

13

9

8

6

9

8

5

6

5

7

Washington DC WMATA

Toronto TTC

Boston MBTA

Chicago CTA

Montreal RTM

Los Angeles Metro

Houston Metro

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Toronto Metrolinx

Gender

Me

n

Wo

me

n

0

0

0

1

3

2

4

5

2

4

17

11

10

10

11

9

10

10

7

3

Montreal RTM

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Boston MBTA

Toronto Metrolinx

Toronto TTC

Los Angeles Metro

Washington DC WMATA

Houston Metro

Chicago CTA


IncreasedBalance

Wh

ite

BIP

OC

53

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



54

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



55

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



56

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC


Map Attributions











57

Mixed Signals 2018

copy 2018 CodeRedTO




Mixed Signals 2018






















3

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto (TTC)











+8750

+4524

+4812

1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018



4

Mixed Signals 2018

Boston (MBTA)









Annual Pass na


+22353

+5409

+5997

1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018



5

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago (CTA)









Annual Pass na


+6667

+5409

+4457

1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018



6

Mixed Signals 2018

Houston (Metro)







Monthly Pass na

Weekly Pass na

Annual Pass na


+15000

+5409

+5491

1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018



7

Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles (Metro)









Annual Pass na


+2963

+5409

+6360

1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018



8

Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal (STM)









Annual Pass na


+7568

+4524

+3963

1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018



9

Mixed Signals 2018








Weekly Pass na


Annual Pass na


+9667

+4524

+3608

1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018



10

Mixed Signals 2018









Monthly Pass na

Annual Pass na


+10455

+5409

+6001

1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018



11

Mixed Signals 2018


USA Inflation +5409


Boston MBTA +22353

Chicago CTA +6667


LA Metro +2963

Montreal STM +7568


1998 2018

Toronto TTC +8750

12

Mixed Signals 2018


66

44

40

33

24

39

31

54

Wash DC Metro

Boston MBTA

LA Metro

Chicago CTA

Houston Metro

Toronto TTC

Montreal STM

Vancouver Translink

Daily

267

77

143

110

135

81


307

571

350

450

262

322


13

Mixed Signals 2018





















14

Mixed Signals 2018









15

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto






64 km(164 in ~2022)

6(19 in ~2022)


232 km(432 in ~2022)

68(98 in ~2022)


83 km ~300


452 km 66





Wheel-Trans

87730037800

2878001406800

20420013800


16

Mixed Signals 2018

Boston



681 km 62


37 km(439 in ~2022)

66(73 in ~2022)





BusCommuter Rail

ParaTransit

321000204000233100123100

6400


17

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago







729200805500285400

17600


18

Commuter Rail

Mixed Signals 2018

Houston



365 km 39


Light RailBus

ParaTransit

61100222800

6400


19

Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles



316 km 22


313 km 14


1101 km(1238 in

~2019)

68(76 in

~2019)


859 km 61



SubwayLight Rail

BusCommuter Rail

ParaTransit

138500219900896400

3780010800



20

Mixed Signals 2018






SubwayBus


1298400917000

8490013900


21

Commuter Rail

Mixed Signals 2018

Vancouver



796 km 53



SkyTrainBus

FerryCommuter Rail

472100789400

167009300


22

Commuter Rail

Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC







SubwayLight Rail

BusCommuter Rail

ParaTransit

7602003700

374600(est) 77000

(est) 8000


23


Mixed Signals 2018


Line 1 - 396 km

Line 2 - 275 km

Line 3 - 64 km

Line 4 - 55 km


Red ndash 330 km

Orange ndash 180 km

Blue - 95 km


Purple - 106 km

Green - 53 km


Red - 355 km

Green - 325 km

Orange - 200 km

Brown - 182 km

Pink - 170 km

Yellow - 80 km

Purple - 64 km


Gold - 501 km

Blue - 355 km

Green - 313 km

Expo - 245 km

Red - 236 km

Purple ndash 80 km

Orange ndash 300 km

Green - 221 km

Blue - 97 km

Yellow - 43 km


Expo ndash 350 km

Millennium - 253 km

Canada - 195 km


Red ndash 513 km

Blue - 488 km

Silver - 476 km

Orange - 425 km

Green - 371 km

Yellow - 243 km


24

Mixed Signals 2018


London

Boston

Chicago

Paris

New York City

Toronto

Montreal

Washington DC

Vancouver

Los Angeles

Houston

1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

101 (Paris 1900-1910)

41 (New York City 1930-1940)

1 (Toronto 1990-2000)


25

Mixed Signals 2018


0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

WashingtonDC



46 22 11 27 11 77 100 0km

26

Mixed Signals 2018


22

51

120

136

144

204

223

243












27

Mixed Signals 2018


0

05

1

15

2

25

3


Boston Houston

Mill

ion

s


28

Mixed Signals 2018


0

2

4

6

8

10

12


Mill

ion

s

29

Mixed Signals 2018




















30

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto TTC (2017)



31

Mixed Signals 2018

Boston MBTA (2017)



32

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago CTA (2017)



33

Mixed Signals 2018




34

Mixed Signals 2018





35

Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal STM (2016)



36

Mixed Signals 2018




37

Mixed Signals 2018




38

Mixed Signals 2018


41

129

208

333

398

415

696

558

460



Boston (MBTA 2016)

Chicago (CTA 2016)


Toronto (TTC 2017)


Montreal (STM 2016)



Other Revenue

304

Fares696

39

Mixed Signals 2018


40

759

792

503

525

550

304

511

602



Boston MBTA (2017)


Chicago CTA (2017)

Toronto TTC (2017)

Montreal STM (2016)


$1177

$884

$681

$538

$318

$210

$212

$478




857mtrips

$210per trip

$18bbudget

Mixed Signals 2018

$475

$412

$337

$273

$237 $229

$175

$090

$116

$169$186 $190 $196 $190

$230

$308

$374




553000000rides



41

Mixed Signals 2018


Gas and Fuel Taxes

Parking Tax

Dev Charges

TollsPaid

ParkingVehicle

Tax

Land Transfer

Tax

Toronto ◼ ◼

Boston ◼ ◼

Chicago ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston ◼ ◼

Los Angeles ◼ ◼

Montreal ◼



Recommended by









Mixed Signals 2018





















43

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto

City of Toronto



ParkingBike Share



Council

Wheel-TransBus

StreetcarSubway

Province of Ontario

Metrolinx




PRESTO fare card

FutureLRT

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




44


Mixed Signals 2018

Boston

City of Boston

BikeShare



11 citizen members


MA



Commuter Rail


MBTA Fiscal and

MgmtControl Board

5 members appointed

by Governor

of MA

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




MBTA Advisory



45

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago













Card






Commuter Rail


Mayor of Chicago

Cook County Board

Cook County Board

President


Board Chairs

Divvy Bike Share

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes

Illinois




Mixed Signals 2018

Houston

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



Texas




METRO Service Area

City of Houston


Court


Service Area

47


Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles





Go

vern

or

of

Cal

ifo

rnia

May

or

of

Los

An

gele

s


87 Member Cities

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Commuter Rail





Ora

nge

Co

un

ty

Riv

ers

ide

Co

un

ty

San

Be

rnar

din

o C

ou

nty

Ve

ntu

ra C

ou

nty

Los Angeles County

48


Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



OPUS Fare Card






Commuter Rail







Co

mm

un

auteacute

meacutet

rop

olit

ain

ed

e M

on

treacutea

l

Agg

lom

eacuterat

ion

de

Lon

gueu

il

Vill

e d

e La

val

No

rth

Sh

ore

Sou

th S

ho

re



49


Mixed Signals 2018


Vancouver

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Cit

y o

f V

anco

uve

r




Screening Panel


Mayorsrsquo Council



BC

Min

iste

r o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n

Gre

ater

Van

cou

ver

Gat

eway

Co

un

cil

Ch

arte

red

Acc

ou

nta

nts

of

BC

Van

cou

ver

Bo

ard

of

Trad

e

50

Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Capital Bikeshare

Arl

ingt

on

Co

un

ty V

A

Ale

xan

dri

a V

A

Fair

fax

Co

un

ty V

A

Mo

ntg

om

ery

Co

un

ty M

D





No

rth

ern

Vir

gin

ia T

ran

spo

rtat

ion

C

om

mis

sio

n (

Vir

gin

ia)

Was

hin

gto

n S

ub

urb

an T

ran

sit

Co

mm

issi

on

(M

aryl

and

)

Un

ited

Sta

tes

Secr

etar

y o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n



51

Mixed Signals 2018


Local Core CityCity

Region County

Province State

Federal Govt





paid

Toronto 100 ◼ ◼

Boston 0 ◼

Chicago 31 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston 56 ◼ ◼


Montreal 100 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Vancouver 5 ◼ ◼

Washington DC

25 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼



52

Mixed Signals 2018


2

2

3

1

6

6

4

5

5

7

13

9

8

6

9

8

5

6

5

7

Washington DC WMATA

Toronto TTC

Boston MBTA

Chicago CTA

Montreal RTM

Los Angeles Metro

Houston Metro

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Toronto Metrolinx

Gender

Me

n

Wo

me

n

0

0

0

1

3

2

4

5

2

4

17

11

10

10

11

9

10

10

7

3

Montreal RTM

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Boston MBTA

Toronto Metrolinx

Toronto TTC

Los Angeles Metro

Washington DC WMATA

Houston Metro

Chicago CTA


IncreasedBalance

Wh

ite

BIP

OC

53

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



54

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



55

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



56

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC


Map Attributions











57

Mixed Signals 2018

copy 2018 CodeRedTO




Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto (TTC)











+8750

+4524

+4812

1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018



4

Mixed Signals 2018

Boston (MBTA)









Annual Pass na


+22353

+5409

+5997

1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018



5

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago (CTA)









Annual Pass na


+6667

+5409

+4457

1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018



6

Mixed Signals 2018

Houston (Metro)







Monthly Pass na

Weekly Pass na

Annual Pass na


+15000

+5409

+5491

1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018



7

Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles (Metro)









Annual Pass na


+2963

+5409

+6360

1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018



8

Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal (STM)









Annual Pass na


+7568

+4524

+3963

1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018



9

Mixed Signals 2018








Weekly Pass na


Annual Pass na


+9667

+4524

+3608

1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018



10

Mixed Signals 2018









Monthly Pass na

Annual Pass na


+10455

+5409

+6001

1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018



11

Mixed Signals 2018


USA Inflation +5409


Boston MBTA +22353

Chicago CTA +6667


LA Metro +2963

Montreal STM +7568


1998 2018

Toronto TTC +8750

12

Mixed Signals 2018


66

44

40

33

24

39

31

54

Wash DC Metro

Boston MBTA

LA Metro

Chicago CTA

Houston Metro

Toronto TTC

Montreal STM

Vancouver Translink

Daily

267

77

143

110

135

81


307

571

350

450

262

322


13

Mixed Signals 2018





















14

Mixed Signals 2018









15

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto






64 km(164 in ~2022)

6(19 in ~2022)


232 km(432 in ~2022)

68(98 in ~2022)


83 km ~300


452 km 66





Wheel-Trans

87730037800

2878001406800

20420013800


16

Mixed Signals 2018

Boston



681 km 62


37 km(439 in ~2022)

66(73 in ~2022)





BusCommuter Rail

ParaTransit

321000204000233100123100

6400


17

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago







729200805500285400

17600


18

Commuter Rail

Mixed Signals 2018

Houston



365 km 39


Light RailBus

ParaTransit

61100222800

6400


19

Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles



316 km 22


313 km 14


1101 km(1238 in

~2019)

68(76 in

~2019)


859 km 61



SubwayLight Rail

BusCommuter Rail

ParaTransit

138500219900896400

3780010800



20

Mixed Signals 2018






SubwayBus


1298400917000

8490013900


21

Commuter Rail

Mixed Signals 2018

Vancouver



796 km 53



SkyTrainBus

FerryCommuter Rail

472100789400

167009300


22

Commuter Rail

Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC







SubwayLight Rail

BusCommuter Rail

ParaTransit

7602003700

374600(est) 77000

(est) 8000


23


Mixed Signals 2018


Line 1 - 396 km

Line 2 - 275 km

Line 3 - 64 km

Line 4 - 55 km


Red ndash 330 km

Orange ndash 180 km

Blue - 95 km


Purple - 106 km

Green - 53 km


Red - 355 km

Green - 325 km

Orange - 200 km

Brown - 182 km

Pink - 170 km

Yellow - 80 km

Purple - 64 km


Gold - 501 km

Blue - 355 km

Green - 313 km

Expo - 245 km

Red - 236 km

Purple ndash 80 km

Orange ndash 300 km

Green - 221 km

Blue - 97 km

Yellow - 43 km


Expo ndash 350 km

Millennium - 253 km

Canada - 195 km


Red ndash 513 km

Blue - 488 km

Silver - 476 km

Orange - 425 km

Green - 371 km

Yellow - 243 km


24

Mixed Signals 2018


London

Boston

Chicago

Paris

New York City

Toronto

Montreal

Washington DC

Vancouver

Los Angeles

Houston

1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

101 (Paris 1900-1910)

41 (New York City 1930-1940)

1 (Toronto 1990-2000)


25

Mixed Signals 2018


0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

WashingtonDC



46 22 11 27 11 77 100 0km

26

Mixed Signals 2018


22

51

120

136

144

204

223

243












27

Mixed Signals 2018


0

05

1

15

2

25

3


Boston Houston

Mill

ion

s


28

Mixed Signals 2018


0

2

4

6

8

10

12


Mill

ion

s

29

Mixed Signals 2018




















30

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto TTC (2017)



31

Mixed Signals 2018

Boston MBTA (2017)



32

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago CTA (2017)



33

Mixed Signals 2018




34

Mixed Signals 2018





35

Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal STM (2016)



36

Mixed Signals 2018




37

Mixed Signals 2018




38

Mixed Signals 2018


41

129

208

333

398

415

696

558

460



Boston (MBTA 2016)

Chicago (CTA 2016)


Toronto (TTC 2017)


Montreal (STM 2016)



Other Revenue

304

Fares696

39

Mixed Signals 2018


40

759

792

503

525

550

304

511

602



Boston MBTA (2017)


Chicago CTA (2017)

Toronto TTC (2017)

Montreal STM (2016)


$1177

$884

$681

$538

$318

$210

$212

$478




857mtrips

$210per trip

$18bbudget

Mixed Signals 2018

$475

$412

$337

$273

$237 $229

$175

$090

$116

$169$186 $190 $196 $190

$230

$308

$374




553000000rides



41

Mixed Signals 2018


Gas and Fuel Taxes

Parking Tax

Dev Charges

TollsPaid

ParkingVehicle

Tax

Land Transfer

Tax

Toronto ◼ ◼

Boston ◼ ◼

Chicago ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston ◼ ◼

Los Angeles ◼ ◼

Montreal ◼



Recommended by









Mixed Signals 2018





















43

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto

City of Toronto



ParkingBike Share



Council

Wheel-TransBus

StreetcarSubway

Province of Ontario

Metrolinx




PRESTO fare card

FutureLRT

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




44


Mixed Signals 2018

Boston

City of Boston

BikeShare



11 citizen members


MA



Commuter Rail


MBTA Fiscal and

MgmtControl Board

5 members appointed

by Governor

of MA

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




MBTA Advisory



45

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago













Card






Commuter Rail


Mayor of Chicago

Cook County Board

Cook County Board

President


Board Chairs

Divvy Bike Share

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes

Illinois




Mixed Signals 2018

Houston

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



Texas




METRO Service Area

City of Houston


Court


Service Area

47


Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles





Go

vern

or

of

Cal

ifo

rnia

May

or

of

Los

An

gele

s


87 Member Cities

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Commuter Rail





Ora

nge

Co

un

ty

Riv

ers

ide

Co

un

ty

San

Be

rnar

din

o C

ou

nty

Ve

ntu

ra C

ou

nty

Los Angeles County

48


Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



OPUS Fare Card






Commuter Rail







Co

mm

un

auteacute

meacutet

rop

olit

ain

ed

e M

on

treacutea

l

Agg

lom

eacuterat

ion

de

Lon

gueu

il

Vill

e d

e La

val

No

rth

Sh

ore

Sou

th S

ho

re



49


Mixed Signals 2018


Vancouver

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Cit

y o

f V

anco

uve

r




Screening Panel


Mayorsrsquo Council



BC

Min

iste

r o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n

Gre

ater

Van

cou

ver

Gat

eway

Co

un

cil

Ch

arte

red

Acc

ou

nta

nts

of

BC

Van

cou

ver

Bo

ard

of

Trad

e

50

Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Capital Bikeshare

Arl

ingt

on

Co

un

ty V

A

Ale

xan

dri

a V

A

Fair

fax

Co

un

ty V

A

Mo

ntg

om

ery

Co

un

ty M

D





No

rth

ern

Vir

gin

ia T

ran

spo

rtat

ion

C

om

mis

sio

n (

Vir

gin

ia)

Was

hin

gto

n S

ub

urb

an T

ran

sit

Co

mm

issi

on

(M

aryl

and

)

Un

ited

Sta

tes

Secr

etar

y o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n



51

Mixed Signals 2018


Local Core CityCity

Region County

Province State

Federal Govt





paid

Toronto 100 ◼ ◼

Boston 0 ◼

Chicago 31 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston 56 ◼ ◼


Montreal 100 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Vancouver 5 ◼ ◼

Washington DC

25 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼



52

Mixed Signals 2018


2

2

3

1

6

6

4

5

5

7

13

9

8

6

9

8

5

6

5

7

Washington DC WMATA

Toronto TTC

Boston MBTA

Chicago CTA

Montreal RTM

Los Angeles Metro

Houston Metro

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Toronto Metrolinx

Gender

Me

n

Wo

me

n

0

0

0

1

3

2

4

5

2

4

17

11

10

10

11

9

10

10

7

3

Montreal RTM

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Boston MBTA

Toronto Metrolinx

Toronto TTC

Los Angeles Metro

Washington DC WMATA

Houston Metro

Chicago CTA


IncreasedBalance

Wh

ite

BIP

OC

53

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



54

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



55

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



56

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC


Map Attributions











57

Mixed Signals 2018

copy 2018 CodeRedTO




Mixed Signals 2018

Boston (MBTA)









Annual Pass na


+22353

+5409

+5997

1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018



5

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago (CTA)









Annual Pass na


+6667

+5409

+4457

1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018



6

Mixed Signals 2018

Houston (Metro)







Monthly Pass na

Weekly Pass na

Annual Pass na


+15000

+5409

+5491

1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018



7

Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles (Metro)









Annual Pass na


+2963

+5409

+6360

1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018



8

Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal (STM)









Annual Pass na


+7568

+4524

+3963

1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018



9

Mixed Signals 2018








Weekly Pass na


Annual Pass na


+9667

+4524

+3608

1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018



10

Mixed Signals 2018









Monthly Pass na

Annual Pass na


+10455

+5409

+6001

1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018



11

Mixed Signals 2018


USA Inflation +5409


Boston MBTA +22353

Chicago CTA +6667


LA Metro +2963

Montreal STM +7568


1998 2018

Toronto TTC +8750

12

Mixed Signals 2018


66

44

40

33

24

39

31

54

Wash DC Metro

Boston MBTA

LA Metro

Chicago CTA

Houston Metro

Toronto TTC

Montreal STM

Vancouver Translink

Daily

267

77

143

110

135

81


307

571

350

450

262

322


13

Mixed Signals 2018





















14

Mixed Signals 2018









15

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto






64 km(164 in ~2022)

6(19 in ~2022)


232 km(432 in ~2022)

68(98 in ~2022)


83 km ~300


452 km 66





Wheel-Trans

87730037800

2878001406800

20420013800


16

Mixed Signals 2018

Boston



681 km 62


37 km(439 in ~2022)

66(73 in ~2022)





BusCommuter Rail

ParaTransit

321000204000233100123100

6400


17

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago







729200805500285400

17600


18

Commuter Rail

Mixed Signals 2018

Houston



365 km 39


Light RailBus

ParaTransit

61100222800

6400


19

Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles



316 km 22


313 km 14


1101 km(1238 in

~2019)

68(76 in

~2019)


859 km 61



SubwayLight Rail

BusCommuter Rail

ParaTransit

138500219900896400

3780010800



20

Mixed Signals 2018






SubwayBus


1298400917000

8490013900


21

Commuter Rail

Mixed Signals 2018

Vancouver



796 km 53



SkyTrainBus

FerryCommuter Rail

472100789400

167009300


22

Commuter Rail

Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC







SubwayLight Rail

BusCommuter Rail

ParaTransit

7602003700

374600(est) 77000

(est) 8000


23


Mixed Signals 2018


Line 1 - 396 km

Line 2 - 275 km

Line 3 - 64 km

Line 4 - 55 km


Red ndash 330 km

Orange ndash 180 km

Blue - 95 km


Purple - 106 km

Green - 53 km


Red - 355 km

Green - 325 km

Orange - 200 km

Brown - 182 km

Pink - 170 km

Yellow - 80 km

Purple - 64 km


Gold - 501 km

Blue - 355 km

Green - 313 km

Expo - 245 km

Red - 236 km

Purple ndash 80 km

Orange ndash 300 km

Green - 221 km

Blue - 97 km

Yellow - 43 km


Expo ndash 350 km

Millennium - 253 km

Canada - 195 km


Red ndash 513 km

Blue - 488 km

Silver - 476 km

Orange - 425 km

Green - 371 km

Yellow - 243 km


24

Mixed Signals 2018


London

Boston

Chicago

Paris

New York City

Toronto

Montreal

Washington DC

Vancouver

Los Angeles

Houston

1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

101 (Paris 1900-1910)

41 (New York City 1930-1940)

1 (Toronto 1990-2000)


25

Mixed Signals 2018


0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

WashingtonDC



46 22 11 27 11 77 100 0km

26

Mixed Signals 2018


22

51

120

136

144

204

223

243












27

Mixed Signals 2018


0

05

1

15

2

25

3


Boston Houston

Mill

ion

s


28

Mixed Signals 2018


0

2

4

6

8

10

12


Mill

ion

s

29

Mixed Signals 2018




















30

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto TTC (2017)



31

Mixed Signals 2018

Boston MBTA (2017)



32

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago CTA (2017)



33

Mixed Signals 2018




34

Mixed Signals 2018





35

Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal STM (2016)



36

Mixed Signals 2018




37

Mixed Signals 2018




38

Mixed Signals 2018


41

129

208

333

398

415

696

558

460



Boston (MBTA 2016)

Chicago (CTA 2016)


Toronto (TTC 2017)


Montreal (STM 2016)



Other Revenue

304

Fares696

39

Mixed Signals 2018


40

759

792

503

525

550

304

511

602



Boston MBTA (2017)


Chicago CTA (2017)

Toronto TTC (2017)

Montreal STM (2016)


$1177

$884

$681

$538

$318

$210

$212

$478




857mtrips

$210per trip

$18bbudget

Mixed Signals 2018

$475

$412

$337

$273

$237 $229

$175

$090

$116

$169$186 $190 $196 $190

$230

$308

$374




553000000rides



41

Mixed Signals 2018


Gas and Fuel Taxes

Parking Tax

Dev Charges

TollsPaid

ParkingVehicle

Tax

Land Transfer

Tax

Toronto ◼ ◼

Boston ◼ ◼

Chicago ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston ◼ ◼

Los Angeles ◼ ◼

Montreal ◼



Recommended by









Mixed Signals 2018





















43

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto

City of Toronto



ParkingBike Share



Council

Wheel-TransBus

StreetcarSubway

Province of Ontario

Metrolinx




PRESTO fare card

FutureLRT

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




44


Mixed Signals 2018

Boston

City of Boston

BikeShare



11 citizen members


MA



Commuter Rail


MBTA Fiscal and

MgmtControl Board

5 members appointed

by Governor

of MA

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




MBTA Advisory



45

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago













Card






Commuter Rail


Mayor of Chicago

Cook County Board

Cook County Board

President


Board Chairs

Divvy Bike Share

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes

Illinois




Mixed Signals 2018

Houston

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



Texas




METRO Service Area

City of Houston


Court


Service Area

47


Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles





Go

vern

or

of

Cal

ifo

rnia

May

or

of

Los

An

gele

s


87 Member Cities

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Commuter Rail





Ora

nge

Co

un

ty

Riv

ers

ide

Co

un

ty

San

Be

rnar

din

o C

ou

nty

Ve

ntu

ra C

ou

nty

Los Angeles County

48


Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



OPUS Fare Card






Commuter Rail







Co

mm

un

auteacute

meacutet

rop

olit

ain

ed

e M

on

treacutea

l

Agg

lom

eacuterat

ion

de

Lon

gueu

il

Vill

e d

e La

val

No

rth

Sh

ore

Sou

th S

ho

re



49


Mixed Signals 2018


Vancouver

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Cit

y o

f V

anco

uve

r




Screening Panel


Mayorsrsquo Council



BC

Min

iste

r o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n

Gre

ater

Van

cou

ver

Gat

eway

Co

un

cil

Ch

arte

red

Acc

ou

nta

nts

of

BC

Van

cou

ver

Bo

ard

of

Trad

e

50

Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Capital Bikeshare

Arl

ingt

on

Co

un

ty V

A

Ale

xan

dri

a V

A

Fair

fax

Co

un

ty V

A

Mo

ntg

om

ery

Co

un

ty M

D





No

rth

ern

Vir

gin

ia T

ran

spo

rtat

ion

C

om

mis

sio

n (

Vir

gin

ia)

Was

hin

gto

n S

ub

urb

an T

ran

sit

Co

mm

issi

on

(M

aryl

and

)

Un

ited

Sta

tes

Secr

etar

y o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n



51

Mixed Signals 2018


Local Core CityCity

Region County

Province State

Federal Govt





paid

Toronto 100 ◼ ◼

Boston 0 ◼

Chicago 31 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston 56 ◼ ◼


Montreal 100 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Vancouver 5 ◼ ◼

Washington DC

25 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼



52

Mixed Signals 2018


2

2

3

1

6

6

4

5

5

7

13

9

8

6

9

8

5

6

5

7

Washington DC WMATA

Toronto TTC

Boston MBTA

Chicago CTA

Montreal RTM

Los Angeles Metro

Houston Metro

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Toronto Metrolinx

Gender

Me

n

Wo

me

n

0

0

0

1

3

2

4

5

2

4

17

11

10

10

11

9

10

10

7

3

Montreal RTM

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Boston MBTA

Toronto Metrolinx

Toronto TTC

Los Angeles Metro

Washington DC WMATA

Houston Metro

Chicago CTA


IncreasedBalance

Wh

ite

BIP

OC

53

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



54

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



55

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



56

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC


Map Attributions











57

Mixed Signals 2018

copy 2018 CodeRedTO




Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago (CTA)









Annual Pass na


+6667

+5409

+4457

1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018



6

Mixed Signals 2018

Houston (Metro)







Monthly Pass na

Weekly Pass na

Annual Pass na


+15000

+5409

+5491

1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018



7

Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles (Metro)









Annual Pass na


+2963

+5409

+6360

1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018



8

Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal (STM)









Annual Pass na


+7568

+4524

+3963

1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018



9

Mixed Signals 2018








Weekly Pass na


Annual Pass na


+9667

+4524

+3608

1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018



10

Mixed Signals 2018









Monthly Pass na

Annual Pass na


+10455

+5409

+6001

1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018



11

Mixed Signals 2018


USA Inflation +5409


Boston MBTA +22353

Chicago CTA +6667


LA Metro +2963

Montreal STM +7568


1998 2018

Toronto TTC +8750

12

Mixed Signals 2018


66

44

40

33

24

39

31

54

Wash DC Metro

Boston MBTA

LA Metro

Chicago CTA

Houston Metro

Toronto TTC

Montreal STM

Vancouver Translink

Daily

267

77

143

110

135

81


307

571

350

450

262

322


13

Mixed Signals 2018





















14

Mixed Signals 2018









15

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto






64 km(164 in ~2022)

6(19 in ~2022)


232 km(432 in ~2022)

68(98 in ~2022)


83 km ~300


452 km 66





Wheel-Trans

87730037800

2878001406800

20420013800


16

Mixed Signals 2018

Boston



681 km 62


37 km(439 in ~2022)

66(73 in ~2022)





BusCommuter Rail

ParaTransit

321000204000233100123100

6400


17

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago







729200805500285400

17600


18

Commuter Rail

Mixed Signals 2018

Houston



365 km 39


Light RailBus

ParaTransit

61100222800

6400


19

Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles



316 km 22


313 km 14


1101 km(1238 in

~2019)

68(76 in

~2019)


859 km 61



SubwayLight Rail

BusCommuter Rail

ParaTransit

138500219900896400

3780010800



20

Mixed Signals 2018






SubwayBus


1298400917000

8490013900


21

Commuter Rail

Mixed Signals 2018

Vancouver



796 km 53



SkyTrainBus

FerryCommuter Rail

472100789400

167009300


22

Commuter Rail

Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC







SubwayLight Rail

BusCommuter Rail

ParaTransit

7602003700

374600(est) 77000

(est) 8000


23


Mixed Signals 2018


Line 1 - 396 km

Line 2 - 275 km

Line 3 - 64 km

Line 4 - 55 km


Red ndash 330 km

Orange ndash 180 km

Blue - 95 km


Purple - 106 km

Green - 53 km


Red - 355 km

Green - 325 km

Orange - 200 km

Brown - 182 km

Pink - 170 km

Yellow - 80 km

Purple - 64 km


Gold - 501 km

Blue - 355 km

Green - 313 km

Expo - 245 km

Red - 236 km

Purple ndash 80 km

Orange ndash 300 km

Green - 221 km

Blue - 97 km

Yellow - 43 km


Expo ndash 350 km

Millennium - 253 km

Canada - 195 km


Red ndash 513 km

Blue - 488 km

Silver - 476 km

Orange - 425 km

Green - 371 km

Yellow - 243 km


24

Mixed Signals 2018


London

Boston

Chicago

Paris

New York City

Toronto

Montreal

Washington DC

Vancouver

Los Angeles

Houston

1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

101 (Paris 1900-1910)

41 (New York City 1930-1940)

1 (Toronto 1990-2000)


25

Mixed Signals 2018


0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

WashingtonDC



46 22 11 27 11 77 100 0km

26

Mixed Signals 2018


22

51

120

136

144

204

223

243












27

Mixed Signals 2018


0

05

1

15

2

25

3


Boston Houston

Mill

ion

s


28

Mixed Signals 2018


0

2

4

6

8

10

12


Mill

ion

s

29

Mixed Signals 2018




















30

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto TTC (2017)



31

Mixed Signals 2018

Boston MBTA (2017)



32

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago CTA (2017)



33

Mixed Signals 2018




34

Mixed Signals 2018





35

Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal STM (2016)



36

Mixed Signals 2018




37

Mixed Signals 2018




38

Mixed Signals 2018


41

129

208

333

398

415

696

558

460



Boston (MBTA 2016)

Chicago (CTA 2016)


Toronto (TTC 2017)


Montreal (STM 2016)



Other Revenue

304

Fares696

39

Mixed Signals 2018


40

759

792

503

525

550

304

511

602



Boston MBTA (2017)


Chicago CTA (2017)

Toronto TTC (2017)

Montreal STM (2016)


$1177

$884

$681

$538

$318

$210

$212

$478




857mtrips

$210per trip

$18bbudget

Mixed Signals 2018

$475

$412

$337

$273

$237 $229

$175

$090

$116

$169$186 $190 $196 $190

$230

$308

$374




553000000rides



41

Mixed Signals 2018


Gas and Fuel Taxes

Parking Tax

Dev Charges

TollsPaid

ParkingVehicle

Tax

Land Transfer

Tax

Toronto ◼ ◼

Boston ◼ ◼

Chicago ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston ◼ ◼

Los Angeles ◼ ◼

Montreal ◼



Recommended by









Mixed Signals 2018





















43

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto

City of Toronto



ParkingBike Share



Council

Wheel-TransBus

StreetcarSubway

Province of Ontario

Metrolinx




PRESTO fare card

FutureLRT

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




44


Mixed Signals 2018

Boston

City of Boston

BikeShare



11 citizen members


MA



Commuter Rail


MBTA Fiscal and

MgmtControl Board

5 members appointed

by Governor

of MA

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




MBTA Advisory



45

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago













Card






Commuter Rail


Mayor of Chicago

Cook County Board

Cook County Board

President


Board Chairs

Divvy Bike Share

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes

Illinois




Mixed Signals 2018

Houston

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



Texas




METRO Service Area

City of Houston


Court


Service Area

47


Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles





Go

vern

or

of

Cal

ifo

rnia

May

or

of

Los

An

gele

s


87 Member Cities

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Commuter Rail





Ora

nge

Co

un

ty

Riv

ers

ide

Co

un

ty

San

Be

rnar

din

o C

ou

nty

Ve

ntu

ra C

ou

nty

Los Angeles County

48


Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



OPUS Fare Card






Commuter Rail







Co

mm

un

auteacute

meacutet

rop

olit

ain

ed

e M

on

treacutea

l

Agg

lom

eacuterat

ion

de

Lon

gueu

il

Vill

e d

e La

val

No

rth

Sh

ore

Sou

th S

ho

re



49


Mixed Signals 2018


Vancouver

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Cit

y o

f V

anco

uve

r




Screening Panel


Mayorsrsquo Council



BC

Min

iste

r o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n

Gre

ater

Van

cou

ver

Gat

eway

Co

un

cil

Ch

arte

red

Acc

ou

nta

nts

of

BC

Van

cou

ver

Bo

ard

of

Trad

e

50

Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Capital Bikeshare

Arl

ingt

on

Co

un

ty V

A

Ale

xan

dri

a V

A

Fair

fax

Co

un

ty V

A

Mo

ntg

om

ery

Co

un

ty M

D





No

rth

ern

Vir

gin

ia T

ran

spo

rtat

ion

C

om

mis

sio

n (

Vir

gin

ia)

Was

hin

gto

n S

ub

urb

an T

ran

sit

Co

mm

issi

on

(M

aryl

and

)

Un

ited

Sta

tes

Secr

etar

y o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n



51

Mixed Signals 2018


Local Core CityCity

Region County

Province State

Federal Govt





paid

Toronto 100 ◼ ◼

Boston 0 ◼

Chicago 31 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston 56 ◼ ◼


Montreal 100 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Vancouver 5 ◼ ◼

Washington DC

25 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼



52

Mixed Signals 2018


2

2

3

1

6

6

4

5

5

7

13

9

8

6

9

8

5

6

5

7

Washington DC WMATA

Toronto TTC

Boston MBTA

Chicago CTA

Montreal RTM

Los Angeles Metro

Houston Metro

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Toronto Metrolinx

Gender

Me

n

Wo

me

n

0

0

0

1

3

2

4

5

2

4

17

11

10

10

11

9

10

10

7

3

Montreal RTM

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Boston MBTA

Toronto Metrolinx

Toronto TTC

Los Angeles Metro

Washington DC WMATA

Houston Metro

Chicago CTA


IncreasedBalance

Wh

ite

BIP

OC

53

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



54

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



55

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



56

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC


Map Attributions











57

Mixed Signals 2018

copy 2018 CodeRedTO




Mixed Signals 2018

Houston (Metro)







Monthly Pass na

Weekly Pass na

Annual Pass na


+15000

+5409

+5491

1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018



7

Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles (Metro)









Annual Pass na


+2963

+5409

+6360

1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018



8

Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal (STM)









Annual Pass na


+7568

+4524

+3963

1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018



9

Mixed Signals 2018








Weekly Pass na


Annual Pass na


+9667

+4524

+3608

1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018



10

Mixed Signals 2018









Monthly Pass na

Annual Pass na


+10455

+5409

+6001

1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018



11

Mixed Signals 2018


USA Inflation +5409


Boston MBTA +22353

Chicago CTA +6667


LA Metro +2963

Montreal STM +7568


1998 2018

Toronto TTC +8750

12

Mixed Signals 2018


66

44

40

33

24

39

31

54

Wash DC Metro

Boston MBTA

LA Metro

Chicago CTA

Houston Metro

Toronto TTC

Montreal STM

Vancouver Translink

Daily

267

77

143

110

135

81


307

571

350

450

262

322


13

Mixed Signals 2018





















14

Mixed Signals 2018









15

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto






64 km(164 in ~2022)

6(19 in ~2022)


232 km(432 in ~2022)

68(98 in ~2022)


83 km ~300


452 km 66





Wheel-Trans

87730037800

2878001406800

20420013800


16

Mixed Signals 2018

Boston



681 km 62


37 km(439 in ~2022)

66(73 in ~2022)





BusCommuter Rail

ParaTransit

321000204000233100123100

6400


17

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago







729200805500285400

17600


18

Commuter Rail

Mixed Signals 2018

Houston



365 km 39


Light RailBus

ParaTransit

61100222800

6400


19

Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles



316 km 22


313 km 14


1101 km(1238 in

~2019)

68(76 in

~2019)


859 km 61



SubwayLight Rail

BusCommuter Rail

ParaTransit

138500219900896400

3780010800



20

Mixed Signals 2018






SubwayBus


1298400917000

8490013900


21

Commuter Rail

Mixed Signals 2018

Vancouver



796 km 53



SkyTrainBus

FerryCommuter Rail

472100789400

167009300


22

Commuter Rail

Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC







SubwayLight Rail

BusCommuter Rail

ParaTransit

7602003700

374600(est) 77000

(est) 8000


23


Mixed Signals 2018


Line 1 - 396 km

Line 2 - 275 km

Line 3 - 64 km

Line 4 - 55 km


Red ndash 330 km

Orange ndash 180 km

Blue - 95 km


Purple - 106 km

Green - 53 km


Red - 355 km

Green - 325 km

Orange - 200 km

Brown - 182 km

Pink - 170 km

Yellow - 80 km

Purple - 64 km


Gold - 501 km

Blue - 355 km

Green - 313 km

Expo - 245 km

Red - 236 km

Purple ndash 80 km

Orange ndash 300 km

Green - 221 km

Blue - 97 km

Yellow - 43 km


Expo ndash 350 km

Millennium - 253 km

Canada - 195 km


Red ndash 513 km

Blue - 488 km

Silver - 476 km

Orange - 425 km

Green - 371 km

Yellow - 243 km


24

Mixed Signals 2018


London

Boston

Chicago

Paris

New York City

Toronto

Montreal

Washington DC

Vancouver

Los Angeles

Houston

1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

101 (Paris 1900-1910)

41 (New York City 1930-1940)

1 (Toronto 1990-2000)


25

Mixed Signals 2018


0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

WashingtonDC



46 22 11 27 11 77 100 0km

26

Mixed Signals 2018


22

51

120

136

144

204

223

243












27

Mixed Signals 2018


0

05

1

15

2

25

3


Boston Houston

Mill

ion

s


28

Mixed Signals 2018


0

2

4

6

8

10

12


Mill

ion

s

29

Mixed Signals 2018




















30

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto TTC (2017)



31

Mixed Signals 2018

Boston MBTA (2017)



32

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago CTA (2017)



33

Mixed Signals 2018




34

Mixed Signals 2018





35

Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal STM (2016)



36

Mixed Signals 2018




37

Mixed Signals 2018




38

Mixed Signals 2018


41

129

208

333

398

415

696

558

460



Boston (MBTA 2016)

Chicago (CTA 2016)


Toronto (TTC 2017)


Montreal (STM 2016)



Other Revenue

304

Fares696

39

Mixed Signals 2018


40

759

792

503

525

550

304

511

602



Boston MBTA (2017)


Chicago CTA (2017)

Toronto TTC (2017)

Montreal STM (2016)


$1177

$884

$681

$538

$318

$210

$212

$478




857mtrips

$210per trip

$18bbudget

Mixed Signals 2018

$475

$412

$337

$273

$237 $229

$175

$090

$116

$169$186 $190 $196 $190

$230

$308

$374




553000000rides



41

Mixed Signals 2018


Gas and Fuel Taxes

Parking Tax

Dev Charges

TollsPaid

ParkingVehicle

Tax

Land Transfer

Tax

Toronto ◼ ◼

Boston ◼ ◼

Chicago ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston ◼ ◼

Los Angeles ◼ ◼

Montreal ◼



Recommended by









Mixed Signals 2018





















43

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto

City of Toronto



ParkingBike Share



Council

Wheel-TransBus

StreetcarSubway

Province of Ontario

Metrolinx




PRESTO fare card

FutureLRT

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




44


Mixed Signals 2018

Boston

City of Boston

BikeShare



11 citizen members


MA



Commuter Rail


MBTA Fiscal and

MgmtControl Board

5 members appointed

by Governor

of MA

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




MBTA Advisory



45

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago













Card






Commuter Rail


Mayor of Chicago

Cook County Board

Cook County Board

President


Board Chairs

Divvy Bike Share

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes

Illinois




Mixed Signals 2018

Houston

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



Texas




METRO Service Area

City of Houston


Court


Service Area

47


Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles





Go

vern

or

of

Cal

ifo

rnia

May

or

of

Los

An

gele

s


87 Member Cities

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Commuter Rail





Ora

nge

Co

un

ty

Riv

ers

ide

Co

un

ty

San

Be

rnar

din

o C

ou

nty

Ve

ntu

ra C

ou

nty

Los Angeles County

48


Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



OPUS Fare Card






Commuter Rail







Co

mm

un

auteacute

meacutet

rop

olit

ain

ed

e M

on

treacutea

l

Agg

lom

eacuterat

ion

de

Lon

gueu

il

Vill

e d

e La

val

No

rth

Sh

ore

Sou

th S

ho

re



49


Mixed Signals 2018


Vancouver

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Cit

y o

f V

anco

uve

r




Screening Panel


Mayorsrsquo Council



BC

Min

iste

r o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n

Gre

ater

Van

cou

ver

Gat

eway

Co

un

cil

Ch

arte

red

Acc

ou

nta

nts

of

BC

Van

cou

ver

Bo

ard

of

Trad

e

50

Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Capital Bikeshare

Arl

ingt

on

Co

un

ty V

A

Ale

xan

dri

a V

A

Fair

fax

Co

un

ty V

A

Mo

ntg

om

ery

Co

un

ty M

D





No

rth

ern

Vir

gin

ia T

ran

spo

rtat

ion

C

om

mis

sio

n (

Vir

gin

ia)

Was

hin

gto

n S

ub

urb

an T

ran

sit

Co

mm

issi

on

(M

aryl

and

)

Un

ited

Sta

tes

Secr

etar

y o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n



51

Mixed Signals 2018


Local Core CityCity

Region County

Province State

Federal Govt





paid

Toronto 100 ◼ ◼

Boston 0 ◼

Chicago 31 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston 56 ◼ ◼


Montreal 100 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Vancouver 5 ◼ ◼

Washington DC

25 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼



52

Mixed Signals 2018


2

2

3

1

6

6

4

5

5

7

13

9

8

6

9

8

5

6

5

7

Washington DC WMATA

Toronto TTC

Boston MBTA

Chicago CTA

Montreal RTM

Los Angeles Metro

Houston Metro

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Toronto Metrolinx

Gender

Me

n

Wo

me

n

0

0

0

1

3

2

4

5

2

4

17

11

10

10

11

9

10

10

7

3

Montreal RTM

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Boston MBTA

Toronto Metrolinx

Toronto TTC

Los Angeles Metro

Washington DC WMATA

Houston Metro

Chicago CTA


IncreasedBalance

Wh

ite

BIP

OC

53

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



54

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



55

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



56

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC


Map Attributions











57

Mixed Signals 2018

copy 2018 CodeRedTO




Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles (Metro)









Annual Pass na


+2963

+5409

+6360

1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018



8

Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal (STM)









Annual Pass na


+7568

+4524

+3963

1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018



9

Mixed Signals 2018








Weekly Pass na


Annual Pass na


+9667

+4524

+3608

1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018



10

Mixed Signals 2018









Monthly Pass na

Annual Pass na


+10455

+5409

+6001

1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018



11

Mixed Signals 2018


USA Inflation +5409


Boston MBTA +22353

Chicago CTA +6667


LA Metro +2963

Montreal STM +7568


1998 2018

Toronto TTC +8750

12

Mixed Signals 2018


66

44

40

33

24

39

31

54

Wash DC Metro

Boston MBTA

LA Metro

Chicago CTA

Houston Metro

Toronto TTC

Montreal STM

Vancouver Translink

Daily

267

77

143

110

135

81


307

571

350

450

262

322


13

Mixed Signals 2018





















14

Mixed Signals 2018









15

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto






64 km(164 in ~2022)

6(19 in ~2022)


232 km(432 in ~2022)

68(98 in ~2022)


83 km ~300


452 km 66





Wheel-Trans

87730037800

2878001406800

20420013800


16

Mixed Signals 2018

Boston



681 km 62


37 km(439 in ~2022)

66(73 in ~2022)





BusCommuter Rail

ParaTransit

321000204000233100123100

6400


17

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago







729200805500285400

17600


18

Commuter Rail

Mixed Signals 2018

Houston



365 km 39


Light RailBus

ParaTransit

61100222800

6400


19

Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles



316 km 22


313 km 14


1101 km(1238 in

~2019)

68(76 in

~2019)


859 km 61



SubwayLight Rail

BusCommuter Rail

ParaTransit

138500219900896400

3780010800



20

Mixed Signals 2018






SubwayBus


1298400917000

8490013900


21

Commuter Rail

Mixed Signals 2018

Vancouver



796 km 53



SkyTrainBus

FerryCommuter Rail

472100789400

167009300


22

Commuter Rail

Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC







SubwayLight Rail

BusCommuter Rail

ParaTransit

7602003700

374600(est) 77000

(est) 8000


23


Mixed Signals 2018


Line 1 - 396 km

Line 2 - 275 km

Line 3 - 64 km

Line 4 - 55 km


Red ndash 330 km

Orange ndash 180 km

Blue - 95 km


Purple - 106 km

Green - 53 km


Red - 355 km

Green - 325 km

Orange - 200 km

Brown - 182 km

Pink - 170 km

Yellow - 80 km

Purple - 64 km


Gold - 501 km

Blue - 355 km

Green - 313 km

Expo - 245 km

Red - 236 km

Purple ndash 80 km

Orange ndash 300 km

Green - 221 km

Blue - 97 km

Yellow - 43 km


Expo ndash 350 km

Millennium - 253 km

Canada - 195 km


Red ndash 513 km

Blue - 488 km

Silver - 476 km

Orange - 425 km

Green - 371 km

Yellow - 243 km


24

Mixed Signals 2018


London

Boston

Chicago

Paris

New York City

Toronto

Montreal

Washington DC

Vancouver

Los Angeles

Houston

1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

101 (Paris 1900-1910)

41 (New York City 1930-1940)

1 (Toronto 1990-2000)


25

Mixed Signals 2018


0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

WashingtonDC



46 22 11 27 11 77 100 0km

26

Mixed Signals 2018


22

51

120

136

144

204

223

243












27

Mixed Signals 2018


0

05

1

15

2

25

3


Boston Houston

Mill

ion

s


28

Mixed Signals 2018


0

2

4

6

8

10

12


Mill

ion

s

29

Mixed Signals 2018




















30

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto TTC (2017)



31

Mixed Signals 2018

Boston MBTA (2017)



32

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago CTA (2017)



33

Mixed Signals 2018




34

Mixed Signals 2018





35

Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal STM (2016)



36

Mixed Signals 2018




37

Mixed Signals 2018




38

Mixed Signals 2018


41

129

208

333

398

415

696

558

460



Boston (MBTA 2016)

Chicago (CTA 2016)


Toronto (TTC 2017)


Montreal (STM 2016)



Other Revenue

304

Fares696

39

Mixed Signals 2018


40

759

792

503

525

550

304

511

602



Boston MBTA (2017)


Chicago CTA (2017)

Toronto TTC (2017)

Montreal STM (2016)


$1177

$884

$681

$538

$318

$210

$212

$478




857mtrips

$210per trip

$18bbudget

Mixed Signals 2018

$475

$412

$337

$273

$237 $229

$175

$090

$116

$169$186 $190 $196 $190

$230

$308

$374




553000000rides



41

Mixed Signals 2018


Gas and Fuel Taxes

Parking Tax

Dev Charges

TollsPaid

ParkingVehicle

Tax

Land Transfer

Tax

Toronto ◼ ◼

Boston ◼ ◼

Chicago ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston ◼ ◼

Los Angeles ◼ ◼

Montreal ◼



Recommended by









Mixed Signals 2018





















43

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto

City of Toronto



ParkingBike Share



Council

Wheel-TransBus

StreetcarSubway

Province of Ontario

Metrolinx




PRESTO fare card

FutureLRT

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




44


Mixed Signals 2018

Boston

City of Boston

BikeShare



11 citizen members


MA



Commuter Rail


MBTA Fiscal and

MgmtControl Board

5 members appointed

by Governor

of MA

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




MBTA Advisory



45

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago













Card






Commuter Rail


Mayor of Chicago

Cook County Board

Cook County Board

President


Board Chairs

Divvy Bike Share

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes

Illinois




Mixed Signals 2018

Houston

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



Texas




METRO Service Area

City of Houston


Court


Service Area

47


Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles





Go

vern

or

of

Cal

ifo

rnia

May

or

of

Los

An

gele

s


87 Member Cities

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Commuter Rail





Ora

nge

Co

un

ty

Riv

ers

ide

Co

un

ty

San

Be

rnar

din

o C

ou

nty

Ve

ntu

ra C

ou

nty

Los Angeles County

48


Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



OPUS Fare Card






Commuter Rail







Co

mm

un

auteacute

meacutet

rop

olit

ain

ed

e M

on

treacutea

l

Agg

lom

eacuterat

ion

de

Lon

gueu

il

Vill

e d

e La

val

No

rth

Sh

ore

Sou

th S

ho

re



49


Mixed Signals 2018


Vancouver

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Cit

y o

f V

anco

uve

r




Screening Panel


Mayorsrsquo Council



BC

Min

iste

r o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n

Gre

ater

Van

cou

ver

Gat

eway

Co

un

cil

Ch

arte

red

Acc

ou

nta

nts

of

BC

Van

cou

ver

Bo

ard

of

Trad

e

50

Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Capital Bikeshare

Arl

ingt

on

Co

un

ty V

A

Ale

xan

dri

a V

A

Fair

fax

Co

un

ty V

A

Mo

ntg

om

ery

Co

un

ty M

D





No

rth

ern

Vir

gin

ia T

ran

spo

rtat

ion

C

om

mis

sio

n (

Vir

gin

ia)

Was

hin

gto

n S

ub

urb

an T

ran

sit

Co

mm

issi

on

(M

aryl

and

)

Un

ited

Sta

tes

Secr

etar

y o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n



51

Mixed Signals 2018


Local Core CityCity

Region County

Province State

Federal Govt





paid

Toronto 100 ◼ ◼

Boston 0 ◼

Chicago 31 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston 56 ◼ ◼


Montreal 100 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Vancouver 5 ◼ ◼

Washington DC

25 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼



52

Mixed Signals 2018


2

2

3

1

6

6

4

5

5

7

13

9

8

6

9

8

5

6

5

7

Washington DC WMATA

Toronto TTC

Boston MBTA

Chicago CTA

Montreal RTM

Los Angeles Metro

Houston Metro

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Toronto Metrolinx

Gender

Me

n

Wo

me

n

0

0

0

1

3

2

4

5

2

4

17

11

10

10

11

9

10

10

7

3

Montreal RTM

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Boston MBTA

Toronto Metrolinx

Toronto TTC

Los Angeles Metro

Washington DC WMATA

Houston Metro

Chicago CTA


IncreasedBalance

Wh

ite

BIP

OC

53

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



54

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



55

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



56

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC


Map Attributions











57

Mixed Signals 2018

copy 2018 CodeRedTO




Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal (STM)









Annual Pass na


+7568

+4524

+3963

1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018



9

Mixed Signals 2018








Weekly Pass na


Annual Pass na


+9667

+4524

+3608

1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018



10

Mixed Signals 2018









Monthly Pass na

Annual Pass na


+10455

+5409

+6001

1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018



11

Mixed Signals 2018


USA Inflation +5409


Boston MBTA +22353

Chicago CTA +6667


LA Metro +2963

Montreal STM +7568


1998 2018

Toronto TTC +8750

12

Mixed Signals 2018


66

44

40

33

24

39

31

54

Wash DC Metro

Boston MBTA

LA Metro

Chicago CTA

Houston Metro

Toronto TTC

Montreal STM

Vancouver Translink

Daily

267

77

143

110

135

81


307

571

350

450

262

322


13

Mixed Signals 2018





















14

Mixed Signals 2018









15

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto






64 km(164 in ~2022)

6(19 in ~2022)


232 km(432 in ~2022)

68(98 in ~2022)


83 km ~300


452 km 66





Wheel-Trans

87730037800

2878001406800

20420013800


16

Mixed Signals 2018

Boston



681 km 62


37 km(439 in ~2022)

66(73 in ~2022)





BusCommuter Rail

ParaTransit

321000204000233100123100

6400


17

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago







729200805500285400

17600


18

Commuter Rail

Mixed Signals 2018

Houston



365 km 39


Light RailBus

ParaTransit

61100222800

6400


19

Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles



316 km 22


313 km 14


1101 km(1238 in

~2019)

68(76 in

~2019)


859 km 61



SubwayLight Rail

BusCommuter Rail

ParaTransit

138500219900896400

3780010800



20

Mixed Signals 2018






SubwayBus


1298400917000

8490013900


21

Commuter Rail

Mixed Signals 2018

Vancouver



796 km 53



SkyTrainBus

FerryCommuter Rail

472100789400

167009300


22

Commuter Rail

Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC







SubwayLight Rail

BusCommuter Rail

ParaTransit

7602003700

374600(est) 77000

(est) 8000


23


Mixed Signals 2018


Line 1 - 396 km

Line 2 - 275 km

Line 3 - 64 km

Line 4 - 55 km


Red ndash 330 km

Orange ndash 180 km

Blue - 95 km


Purple - 106 km

Green - 53 km


Red - 355 km

Green - 325 km

Orange - 200 km

Brown - 182 km

Pink - 170 km

Yellow - 80 km

Purple - 64 km


Gold - 501 km

Blue - 355 km

Green - 313 km

Expo - 245 km

Red - 236 km

Purple ndash 80 km

Orange ndash 300 km

Green - 221 km

Blue - 97 km

Yellow - 43 km


Expo ndash 350 km

Millennium - 253 km

Canada - 195 km


Red ndash 513 km

Blue - 488 km

Silver - 476 km

Orange - 425 km

Green - 371 km

Yellow - 243 km


24

Mixed Signals 2018


London

Boston

Chicago

Paris

New York City

Toronto

Montreal

Washington DC

Vancouver

Los Angeles

Houston

1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

101 (Paris 1900-1910)

41 (New York City 1930-1940)

1 (Toronto 1990-2000)


25

Mixed Signals 2018


0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

WashingtonDC



46 22 11 27 11 77 100 0km

26

Mixed Signals 2018


22

51

120

136

144

204

223

243












27

Mixed Signals 2018


0

05

1

15

2

25

3


Boston Houston

Mill

ion

s


28

Mixed Signals 2018


0

2

4

6

8

10

12


Mill

ion

s

29

Mixed Signals 2018




















30

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto TTC (2017)



31

Mixed Signals 2018

Boston MBTA (2017)



32

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago CTA (2017)



33

Mixed Signals 2018




34

Mixed Signals 2018





35

Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal STM (2016)



36

Mixed Signals 2018




37

Mixed Signals 2018




38

Mixed Signals 2018


41

129

208

333

398

415

696

558

460



Boston (MBTA 2016)

Chicago (CTA 2016)


Toronto (TTC 2017)


Montreal (STM 2016)



Other Revenue

304

Fares696

39

Mixed Signals 2018


40

759

792

503

525

550

304

511

602



Boston MBTA (2017)


Chicago CTA (2017)

Toronto TTC (2017)

Montreal STM (2016)


$1177

$884

$681

$538

$318

$210

$212

$478




857mtrips

$210per trip

$18bbudget

Mixed Signals 2018

$475

$412

$337

$273

$237 $229

$175

$090

$116

$169$186 $190 $196 $190

$230

$308

$374




553000000rides



41

Mixed Signals 2018


Gas and Fuel Taxes

Parking Tax

Dev Charges

TollsPaid

ParkingVehicle

Tax

Land Transfer

Tax

Toronto ◼ ◼

Boston ◼ ◼

Chicago ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston ◼ ◼

Los Angeles ◼ ◼

Montreal ◼



Recommended by









Mixed Signals 2018





















43

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto

City of Toronto



ParkingBike Share



Council

Wheel-TransBus

StreetcarSubway

Province of Ontario

Metrolinx




PRESTO fare card

FutureLRT

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




44


Mixed Signals 2018

Boston

City of Boston

BikeShare



11 citizen members


MA



Commuter Rail


MBTA Fiscal and

MgmtControl Board

5 members appointed

by Governor

of MA

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




MBTA Advisory



45

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago













Card






Commuter Rail


Mayor of Chicago

Cook County Board

Cook County Board

President


Board Chairs

Divvy Bike Share

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes

Illinois




Mixed Signals 2018

Houston

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



Texas




METRO Service Area

City of Houston


Court


Service Area

47


Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles





Go

vern

or

of

Cal

ifo

rnia

May

or

of

Los

An

gele

s


87 Member Cities

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Commuter Rail





Ora

nge

Co

un

ty

Riv

ers

ide

Co

un

ty

San

Be

rnar

din

o C

ou

nty

Ve

ntu

ra C

ou

nty

Los Angeles County

48


Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



OPUS Fare Card






Commuter Rail







Co

mm

un

auteacute

meacutet

rop

olit

ain

ed

e M

on

treacutea

l

Agg

lom

eacuterat

ion

de

Lon

gueu

il

Vill

e d

e La

val

No

rth

Sh

ore

Sou

th S

ho

re



49


Mixed Signals 2018


Vancouver

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Cit

y o

f V

anco

uve

r




Screening Panel


Mayorsrsquo Council



BC

Min

iste

r o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n

Gre

ater

Van

cou

ver

Gat

eway

Co

un

cil

Ch

arte

red

Acc

ou

nta

nts

of

BC

Van

cou

ver

Bo

ard

of

Trad

e

50

Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Capital Bikeshare

Arl

ingt

on

Co

un

ty V

A

Ale

xan

dri

a V

A

Fair

fax

Co

un

ty V

A

Mo

ntg

om

ery

Co

un

ty M

D





No

rth

ern

Vir

gin

ia T

ran

spo

rtat

ion

C

om

mis

sio

n (

Vir

gin

ia)

Was

hin

gto

n S

ub

urb

an T

ran

sit

Co

mm

issi

on

(M

aryl

and

)

Un

ited

Sta

tes

Secr

etar

y o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n



51

Mixed Signals 2018


Local Core CityCity

Region County

Province State

Federal Govt





paid

Toronto 100 ◼ ◼

Boston 0 ◼

Chicago 31 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston 56 ◼ ◼


Montreal 100 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Vancouver 5 ◼ ◼

Washington DC

25 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼



52

Mixed Signals 2018


2

2

3

1

6

6

4

5

5

7

13

9

8

6

9

8

5

6

5

7

Washington DC WMATA

Toronto TTC

Boston MBTA

Chicago CTA

Montreal RTM

Los Angeles Metro

Houston Metro

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Toronto Metrolinx

Gender

Me

n

Wo

me

n

0

0

0

1

3

2

4

5

2

4

17

11

10

10

11

9

10

10

7

3

Montreal RTM

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Boston MBTA

Toronto Metrolinx

Toronto TTC

Los Angeles Metro

Washington DC WMATA

Houston Metro

Chicago CTA


IncreasedBalance

Wh

ite

BIP

OC

53

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



54

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



55

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



56

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC


Map Attributions











57

Mixed Signals 2018

copy 2018 CodeRedTO




Mixed Signals 2018








Weekly Pass na


Annual Pass na


+9667

+4524

+3608

1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018



10

Mixed Signals 2018









Monthly Pass na

Annual Pass na


+10455

+5409

+6001

1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018



11

Mixed Signals 2018


USA Inflation +5409


Boston MBTA +22353

Chicago CTA +6667


LA Metro +2963

Montreal STM +7568


1998 2018

Toronto TTC +8750

12

Mixed Signals 2018


66

44

40

33

24

39

31

54

Wash DC Metro

Boston MBTA

LA Metro

Chicago CTA

Houston Metro

Toronto TTC

Montreal STM

Vancouver Translink

Daily

267

77

143

110

135

81


307

571

350

450

262

322


13

Mixed Signals 2018





















14

Mixed Signals 2018









15

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto






64 km(164 in ~2022)

6(19 in ~2022)


232 km(432 in ~2022)

68(98 in ~2022)


83 km ~300


452 km 66





Wheel-Trans

87730037800

2878001406800

20420013800


16

Mixed Signals 2018

Boston



681 km 62


37 km(439 in ~2022)

66(73 in ~2022)





BusCommuter Rail

ParaTransit

321000204000233100123100

6400


17

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago







729200805500285400

17600


18

Commuter Rail

Mixed Signals 2018

Houston



365 km 39


Light RailBus

ParaTransit

61100222800

6400


19

Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles



316 km 22


313 km 14


1101 km(1238 in

~2019)

68(76 in

~2019)


859 km 61



SubwayLight Rail

BusCommuter Rail

ParaTransit

138500219900896400

3780010800



20

Mixed Signals 2018






SubwayBus


1298400917000

8490013900


21

Commuter Rail

Mixed Signals 2018

Vancouver



796 km 53



SkyTrainBus

FerryCommuter Rail

472100789400

167009300


22

Commuter Rail

Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC







SubwayLight Rail

BusCommuter Rail

ParaTransit

7602003700

374600(est) 77000

(est) 8000


23


Mixed Signals 2018


Line 1 - 396 km

Line 2 - 275 km

Line 3 - 64 km

Line 4 - 55 km


Red ndash 330 km

Orange ndash 180 km

Blue - 95 km


Purple - 106 km

Green - 53 km


Red - 355 km

Green - 325 km

Orange - 200 km

Brown - 182 km

Pink - 170 km

Yellow - 80 km

Purple - 64 km


Gold - 501 km

Blue - 355 km

Green - 313 km

Expo - 245 km

Red - 236 km

Purple ndash 80 km

Orange ndash 300 km

Green - 221 km

Blue - 97 km

Yellow - 43 km


Expo ndash 350 km

Millennium - 253 km

Canada - 195 km


Red ndash 513 km

Blue - 488 km

Silver - 476 km

Orange - 425 km

Green - 371 km

Yellow - 243 km


24

Mixed Signals 2018


London

Boston

Chicago

Paris

New York City

Toronto

Montreal

Washington DC

Vancouver

Los Angeles

Houston

1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

101 (Paris 1900-1910)

41 (New York City 1930-1940)

1 (Toronto 1990-2000)


25

Mixed Signals 2018


0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

WashingtonDC



46 22 11 27 11 77 100 0km

26

Mixed Signals 2018


22

51

120

136

144

204

223

243












27

Mixed Signals 2018


0

05

1

15

2

25

3


Boston Houston

Mill

ion

s


28

Mixed Signals 2018


0

2

4

6

8

10

12


Mill

ion

s

29

Mixed Signals 2018




















30

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto TTC (2017)



31

Mixed Signals 2018

Boston MBTA (2017)



32

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago CTA (2017)



33

Mixed Signals 2018




34

Mixed Signals 2018





35

Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal STM (2016)



36

Mixed Signals 2018




37

Mixed Signals 2018




38

Mixed Signals 2018


41

129

208

333

398

415

696

558

460



Boston (MBTA 2016)

Chicago (CTA 2016)


Toronto (TTC 2017)


Montreal (STM 2016)



Other Revenue

304

Fares696

39

Mixed Signals 2018


40

759

792

503

525

550

304

511

602



Boston MBTA (2017)


Chicago CTA (2017)

Toronto TTC (2017)

Montreal STM (2016)


$1177

$884

$681

$538

$318

$210

$212

$478




857mtrips

$210per trip

$18bbudget

Mixed Signals 2018

$475

$412

$337

$273

$237 $229

$175

$090

$116

$169$186 $190 $196 $190

$230

$308

$374




553000000rides



41

Mixed Signals 2018


Gas and Fuel Taxes

Parking Tax

Dev Charges

TollsPaid

ParkingVehicle

Tax

Land Transfer

Tax

Toronto ◼ ◼

Boston ◼ ◼

Chicago ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston ◼ ◼

Los Angeles ◼ ◼

Montreal ◼



Recommended by









Mixed Signals 2018





















43

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto

City of Toronto



ParkingBike Share



Council

Wheel-TransBus

StreetcarSubway

Province of Ontario

Metrolinx




PRESTO fare card

FutureLRT

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




44


Mixed Signals 2018

Boston

City of Boston

BikeShare



11 citizen members


MA



Commuter Rail


MBTA Fiscal and

MgmtControl Board

5 members appointed

by Governor

of MA

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




MBTA Advisory



45

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago













Card






Commuter Rail


Mayor of Chicago

Cook County Board

Cook County Board

President


Board Chairs

Divvy Bike Share

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes

Illinois




Mixed Signals 2018

Houston

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



Texas




METRO Service Area

City of Houston


Court


Service Area

47


Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles





Go

vern

or

of

Cal

ifo

rnia

May

or

of

Los

An

gele

s


87 Member Cities

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Commuter Rail





Ora

nge

Co

un

ty

Riv

ers

ide

Co

un

ty

San

Be

rnar

din

o C

ou

nty

Ve

ntu

ra C

ou

nty

Los Angeles County

48


Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



OPUS Fare Card






Commuter Rail







Co

mm

un

auteacute

meacutet

rop

olit

ain

ed

e M

on

treacutea

l

Agg

lom

eacuterat

ion

de

Lon

gueu

il

Vill

e d

e La

val

No

rth

Sh

ore

Sou

th S

ho

re



49


Mixed Signals 2018


Vancouver

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Cit

y o

f V

anco

uve

r




Screening Panel


Mayorsrsquo Council



BC

Min

iste

r o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n

Gre

ater

Van

cou

ver

Gat

eway

Co

un

cil

Ch

arte

red

Acc

ou

nta

nts

of

BC

Van

cou

ver

Bo

ard

of

Trad

e

50

Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Capital Bikeshare

Arl

ingt

on

Co

un

ty V

A

Ale

xan

dri

a V

A

Fair

fax

Co

un

ty V

A

Mo

ntg

om

ery

Co

un

ty M

D





No

rth

ern

Vir

gin

ia T

ran

spo

rtat

ion

C

om

mis

sio

n (

Vir

gin

ia)

Was

hin

gto

n S

ub

urb

an T

ran

sit

Co

mm

issi

on

(M

aryl

and

)

Un

ited

Sta

tes

Secr

etar

y o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n



51

Mixed Signals 2018


Local Core CityCity

Region County

Province State

Federal Govt





paid

Toronto 100 ◼ ◼

Boston 0 ◼

Chicago 31 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston 56 ◼ ◼


Montreal 100 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Vancouver 5 ◼ ◼

Washington DC

25 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼



52

Mixed Signals 2018


2

2

3

1

6

6

4

5

5

7

13

9

8

6

9

8

5

6

5

7

Washington DC WMATA

Toronto TTC

Boston MBTA

Chicago CTA

Montreal RTM

Los Angeles Metro

Houston Metro

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Toronto Metrolinx

Gender

Me

n

Wo

me

n

0

0

0

1

3

2

4

5

2

4

17

11

10

10

11

9

10

10

7

3

Montreal RTM

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Boston MBTA

Toronto Metrolinx

Toronto TTC

Los Angeles Metro

Washington DC WMATA

Houston Metro

Chicago CTA


IncreasedBalance

Wh

ite

BIP

OC

53

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



54

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



55

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



56

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC


Map Attributions











57

Mixed Signals 2018

copy 2018 CodeRedTO




Mixed Signals 2018









Monthly Pass na

Annual Pass na


+10455

+5409

+6001

1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018



11

Mixed Signals 2018


USA Inflation +5409


Boston MBTA +22353

Chicago CTA +6667


LA Metro +2963

Montreal STM +7568


1998 2018

Toronto TTC +8750

12

Mixed Signals 2018


66

44

40

33

24

39

31

54

Wash DC Metro

Boston MBTA

LA Metro

Chicago CTA

Houston Metro

Toronto TTC

Montreal STM

Vancouver Translink

Daily

267

77

143

110

135

81


307

571

350

450

262

322


13

Mixed Signals 2018





















14

Mixed Signals 2018









15

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto






64 km(164 in ~2022)

6(19 in ~2022)


232 km(432 in ~2022)

68(98 in ~2022)


83 km ~300


452 km 66





Wheel-Trans

87730037800

2878001406800

20420013800


16

Mixed Signals 2018

Boston



681 km 62


37 km(439 in ~2022)

66(73 in ~2022)





BusCommuter Rail

ParaTransit

321000204000233100123100

6400


17

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago







729200805500285400

17600


18

Commuter Rail

Mixed Signals 2018

Houston



365 km 39


Light RailBus

ParaTransit

61100222800

6400


19

Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles



316 km 22


313 km 14


1101 km(1238 in

~2019)

68(76 in

~2019)


859 km 61



SubwayLight Rail

BusCommuter Rail

ParaTransit

138500219900896400

3780010800



20

Mixed Signals 2018






SubwayBus


1298400917000

8490013900


21

Commuter Rail

Mixed Signals 2018

Vancouver



796 km 53



SkyTrainBus

FerryCommuter Rail

472100789400

167009300


22

Commuter Rail

Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC







SubwayLight Rail

BusCommuter Rail

ParaTransit

7602003700

374600(est) 77000

(est) 8000


23


Mixed Signals 2018


Line 1 - 396 km

Line 2 - 275 km

Line 3 - 64 km

Line 4 - 55 km


Red ndash 330 km

Orange ndash 180 km

Blue - 95 km


Purple - 106 km

Green - 53 km


Red - 355 km

Green - 325 km

Orange - 200 km

Brown - 182 km

Pink - 170 km

Yellow - 80 km

Purple - 64 km


Gold - 501 km

Blue - 355 km

Green - 313 km

Expo - 245 km

Red - 236 km

Purple ndash 80 km

Orange ndash 300 km

Green - 221 km

Blue - 97 km

Yellow - 43 km


Expo ndash 350 km

Millennium - 253 km

Canada - 195 km


Red ndash 513 km

Blue - 488 km

Silver - 476 km

Orange - 425 km

Green - 371 km

Yellow - 243 km


24

Mixed Signals 2018


London

Boston

Chicago

Paris

New York City

Toronto

Montreal

Washington DC

Vancouver

Los Angeles

Houston

1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

101 (Paris 1900-1910)

41 (New York City 1930-1940)

1 (Toronto 1990-2000)


25

Mixed Signals 2018


0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

WashingtonDC



46 22 11 27 11 77 100 0km

26

Mixed Signals 2018


22

51

120

136

144

204

223

243












27

Mixed Signals 2018


0

05

1

15

2

25

3


Boston Houston

Mill

ion

s


28

Mixed Signals 2018


0

2

4

6

8

10

12


Mill

ion

s

29

Mixed Signals 2018




















30

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto TTC (2017)



31

Mixed Signals 2018

Boston MBTA (2017)



32

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago CTA (2017)



33

Mixed Signals 2018




34

Mixed Signals 2018





35

Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal STM (2016)



36

Mixed Signals 2018




37

Mixed Signals 2018




38

Mixed Signals 2018


41

129

208

333

398

415

696

558

460



Boston (MBTA 2016)

Chicago (CTA 2016)


Toronto (TTC 2017)


Montreal (STM 2016)



Other Revenue

304

Fares696

39

Mixed Signals 2018


40

759

792

503

525

550

304

511

602



Boston MBTA (2017)


Chicago CTA (2017)

Toronto TTC (2017)

Montreal STM (2016)


$1177

$884

$681

$538

$318

$210

$212

$478




857mtrips

$210per trip

$18bbudget

Mixed Signals 2018

$475

$412

$337

$273

$237 $229

$175

$090

$116

$169$186 $190 $196 $190

$230

$308

$374




553000000rides



41

Mixed Signals 2018


Gas and Fuel Taxes

Parking Tax

Dev Charges

TollsPaid

ParkingVehicle

Tax

Land Transfer

Tax

Toronto ◼ ◼

Boston ◼ ◼

Chicago ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston ◼ ◼

Los Angeles ◼ ◼

Montreal ◼



Recommended by









Mixed Signals 2018





















43

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto

City of Toronto



ParkingBike Share



Council

Wheel-TransBus

StreetcarSubway

Province of Ontario

Metrolinx




PRESTO fare card

FutureLRT

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




44


Mixed Signals 2018

Boston

City of Boston

BikeShare



11 citizen members


MA



Commuter Rail


MBTA Fiscal and

MgmtControl Board

5 members appointed

by Governor

of MA

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




MBTA Advisory



45

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago













Card






Commuter Rail


Mayor of Chicago

Cook County Board

Cook County Board

President


Board Chairs

Divvy Bike Share

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes

Illinois




Mixed Signals 2018

Houston

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



Texas




METRO Service Area

City of Houston


Court


Service Area

47


Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles





Go

vern

or

of

Cal

ifo

rnia

May

or

of

Los

An

gele

s


87 Member Cities

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Commuter Rail





Ora

nge

Co

un

ty

Riv

ers

ide

Co

un

ty

San

Be

rnar

din

o C

ou

nty

Ve

ntu

ra C

ou

nty

Los Angeles County

48


Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



OPUS Fare Card






Commuter Rail







Co

mm

un

auteacute

meacutet

rop

olit

ain

ed

e M

on

treacutea

l

Agg

lom

eacuterat

ion

de

Lon

gueu

il

Vill

e d

e La

val

No

rth

Sh

ore

Sou

th S

ho

re



49


Mixed Signals 2018


Vancouver

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Cit

y o

f V

anco

uve

r




Screening Panel


Mayorsrsquo Council



BC

Min

iste

r o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n

Gre

ater

Van

cou

ver

Gat

eway

Co

un

cil

Ch

arte

red

Acc

ou

nta

nts

of

BC

Van

cou

ver

Bo

ard

of

Trad

e

50

Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Capital Bikeshare

Arl

ingt

on

Co

un

ty V

A

Ale

xan

dri

a V

A

Fair

fax

Co

un

ty V

A

Mo

ntg

om

ery

Co

un

ty M

D





No

rth

ern

Vir

gin

ia T

ran

spo

rtat

ion

C

om

mis

sio

n (

Vir

gin

ia)

Was

hin

gto

n S

ub

urb

an T

ran

sit

Co

mm

issi

on

(M

aryl

and

)

Un

ited

Sta

tes

Secr

etar

y o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n



51

Mixed Signals 2018


Local Core CityCity

Region County

Province State

Federal Govt





paid

Toronto 100 ◼ ◼

Boston 0 ◼

Chicago 31 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston 56 ◼ ◼


Montreal 100 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Vancouver 5 ◼ ◼

Washington DC

25 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼



52

Mixed Signals 2018


2

2

3

1

6

6

4

5

5

7

13

9

8

6

9

8

5

6

5

7

Washington DC WMATA

Toronto TTC

Boston MBTA

Chicago CTA

Montreal RTM

Los Angeles Metro

Houston Metro

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Toronto Metrolinx

Gender

Me

n

Wo

me

n

0

0

0

1

3

2

4

5

2

4

17

11

10

10

11

9

10

10

7

3

Montreal RTM

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Boston MBTA

Toronto Metrolinx

Toronto TTC

Los Angeles Metro

Washington DC WMATA

Houston Metro

Chicago CTA


IncreasedBalance

Wh

ite

BIP

OC

53

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



54

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



55

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



56

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC


Map Attributions











57

Mixed Signals 2018

copy 2018 CodeRedTO




Mixed Signals 2018


USA Inflation +5409


Boston MBTA +22353

Chicago CTA +6667


LA Metro +2963

Montreal STM +7568


1998 2018

Toronto TTC +8750

12

Mixed Signals 2018


66

44

40

33

24

39

31

54

Wash DC Metro

Boston MBTA

LA Metro

Chicago CTA

Houston Metro

Toronto TTC

Montreal STM

Vancouver Translink

Daily

267

77

143

110

135

81


307

571

350

450

262

322


13

Mixed Signals 2018





















14

Mixed Signals 2018









15

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto






64 km(164 in ~2022)

6(19 in ~2022)


232 km(432 in ~2022)

68(98 in ~2022)


83 km ~300


452 km 66





Wheel-Trans

87730037800

2878001406800

20420013800


16

Mixed Signals 2018

Boston



681 km 62


37 km(439 in ~2022)

66(73 in ~2022)





BusCommuter Rail

ParaTransit

321000204000233100123100

6400


17

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago







729200805500285400

17600


18

Commuter Rail

Mixed Signals 2018

Houston



365 km 39


Light RailBus

ParaTransit

61100222800

6400


19

Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles



316 km 22


313 km 14


1101 km(1238 in

~2019)

68(76 in

~2019)


859 km 61



SubwayLight Rail

BusCommuter Rail

ParaTransit

138500219900896400

3780010800



20

Mixed Signals 2018






SubwayBus


1298400917000

8490013900


21

Commuter Rail

Mixed Signals 2018

Vancouver



796 km 53



SkyTrainBus

FerryCommuter Rail

472100789400

167009300


22

Commuter Rail

Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC







SubwayLight Rail

BusCommuter Rail

ParaTransit

7602003700

374600(est) 77000

(est) 8000


23


Mixed Signals 2018


Line 1 - 396 km

Line 2 - 275 km

Line 3 - 64 km

Line 4 - 55 km


Red ndash 330 km

Orange ndash 180 km

Blue - 95 km


Purple - 106 km

Green - 53 km


Red - 355 km

Green - 325 km

Orange - 200 km

Brown - 182 km

Pink - 170 km

Yellow - 80 km

Purple - 64 km


Gold - 501 km

Blue - 355 km

Green - 313 km

Expo - 245 km

Red - 236 km

Purple ndash 80 km

Orange ndash 300 km

Green - 221 km

Blue - 97 km

Yellow - 43 km


Expo ndash 350 km

Millennium - 253 km

Canada - 195 km


Red ndash 513 km

Blue - 488 km

Silver - 476 km

Orange - 425 km

Green - 371 km

Yellow - 243 km


24

Mixed Signals 2018


London

Boston

Chicago

Paris

New York City

Toronto

Montreal

Washington DC

Vancouver

Los Angeles

Houston

1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

101 (Paris 1900-1910)

41 (New York City 1930-1940)

1 (Toronto 1990-2000)


25

Mixed Signals 2018


0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

WashingtonDC



46 22 11 27 11 77 100 0km

26

Mixed Signals 2018


22

51

120

136

144

204

223

243












27

Mixed Signals 2018


0

05

1

15

2

25

3


Boston Houston

Mill

ion

s


28

Mixed Signals 2018


0

2

4

6

8

10

12


Mill

ion

s

29

Mixed Signals 2018




















30

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto TTC (2017)



31

Mixed Signals 2018

Boston MBTA (2017)



32

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago CTA (2017)



33

Mixed Signals 2018




34

Mixed Signals 2018





35

Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal STM (2016)



36

Mixed Signals 2018




37

Mixed Signals 2018




38

Mixed Signals 2018


41

129

208

333

398

415

696

558

460



Boston (MBTA 2016)

Chicago (CTA 2016)


Toronto (TTC 2017)


Montreal (STM 2016)



Other Revenue

304

Fares696

39

Mixed Signals 2018


40

759

792

503

525

550

304

511

602



Boston MBTA (2017)


Chicago CTA (2017)

Toronto TTC (2017)

Montreal STM (2016)


$1177

$884

$681

$538

$318

$210

$212

$478




857mtrips

$210per trip

$18bbudget

Mixed Signals 2018

$475

$412

$337

$273

$237 $229

$175

$090

$116

$169$186 $190 $196 $190

$230

$308

$374




553000000rides



41

Mixed Signals 2018


Gas and Fuel Taxes

Parking Tax

Dev Charges

TollsPaid

ParkingVehicle

Tax

Land Transfer

Tax

Toronto ◼ ◼

Boston ◼ ◼

Chicago ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston ◼ ◼

Los Angeles ◼ ◼

Montreal ◼



Recommended by









Mixed Signals 2018





















43

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto

City of Toronto



ParkingBike Share



Council

Wheel-TransBus

StreetcarSubway

Province of Ontario

Metrolinx




PRESTO fare card

FutureLRT

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




44


Mixed Signals 2018

Boston

City of Boston

BikeShare



11 citizen members


MA



Commuter Rail


MBTA Fiscal and

MgmtControl Board

5 members appointed

by Governor

of MA

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




MBTA Advisory



45

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago













Card






Commuter Rail


Mayor of Chicago

Cook County Board

Cook County Board

President


Board Chairs

Divvy Bike Share

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes

Illinois




Mixed Signals 2018

Houston

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



Texas




METRO Service Area

City of Houston


Court


Service Area

47


Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles





Go

vern

or

of

Cal

ifo

rnia

May

or

of

Los

An

gele

s


87 Member Cities

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Commuter Rail





Ora

nge

Co

un

ty

Riv

ers

ide

Co

un

ty

San

Be

rnar

din

o C

ou

nty

Ve

ntu

ra C

ou

nty

Los Angeles County

48


Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



OPUS Fare Card






Commuter Rail







Co

mm

un

auteacute

meacutet

rop

olit

ain

ed

e M

on

treacutea

l

Agg

lom

eacuterat

ion

de

Lon

gueu

il

Vill

e d

e La

val

No

rth

Sh

ore

Sou

th S

ho

re



49


Mixed Signals 2018


Vancouver

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Cit

y o

f V

anco

uve

r




Screening Panel


Mayorsrsquo Council



BC

Min

iste

r o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n

Gre

ater

Van

cou

ver

Gat

eway

Co

un

cil

Ch

arte

red

Acc

ou

nta

nts

of

BC

Van

cou

ver

Bo

ard

of

Trad

e

50

Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Capital Bikeshare

Arl

ingt

on

Co

un

ty V

A

Ale

xan

dri

a V

A

Fair

fax

Co

un

ty V

A

Mo

ntg

om

ery

Co

un

ty M

D





No

rth

ern

Vir

gin

ia T

ran

spo

rtat

ion

C

om

mis

sio

n (

Vir

gin

ia)

Was

hin

gto

n S

ub

urb

an T

ran

sit

Co

mm

issi

on

(M

aryl

and

)

Un

ited

Sta

tes

Secr

etar

y o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n



51

Mixed Signals 2018


Local Core CityCity

Region County

Province State

Federal Govt





paid

Toronto 100 ◼ ◼

Boston 0 ◼

Chicago 31 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston 56 ◼ ◼


Montreal 100 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Vancouver 5 ◼ ◼

Washington DC

25 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼



52

Mixed Signals 2018


2

2

3

1

6

6

4

5

5

7

13

9

8

6

9

8

5

6

5

7

Washington DC WMATA

Toronto TTC

Boston MBTA

Chicago CTA

Montreal RTM

Los Angeles Metro

Houston Metro

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Toronto Metrolinx

Gender

Me

n

Wo

me

n

0

0

0

1

3

2

4

5

2

4

17

11

10

10

11

9

10

10

7

3

Montreal RTM

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Boston MBTA

Toronto Metrolinx

Toronto TTC

Los Angeles Metro

Washington DC WMATA

Houston Metro

Chicago CTA


IncreasedBalance

Wh

ite

BIP

OC

53

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



54

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



55

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



56

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC


Map Attributions











57

Mixed Signals 2018

copy 2018 CodeRedTO




Mixed Signals 2018


66

44

40

33

24

39

31

54

Wash DC Metro

Boston MBTA

LA Metro

Chicago CTA

Houston Metro

Toronto TTC

Montreal STM

Vancouver Translink

Daily

267

77

143

110

135

81


307

571

350

450

262

322


13

Mixed Signals 2018





















14

Mixed Signals 2018









15

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto






64 km(164 in ~2022)

6(19 in ~2022)


232 km(432 in ~2022)

68(98 in ~2022)


83 km ~300


452 km 66





Wheel-Trans

87730037800

2878001406800

20420013800


16

Mixed Signals 2018

Boston



681 km 62


37 km(439 in ~2022)

66(73 in ~2022)





BusCommuter Rail

ParaTransit

321000204000233100123100

6400


17

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago







729200805500285400

17600


18

Commuter Rail

Mixed Signals 2018

Houston



365 km 39


Light RailBus

ParaTransit

61100222800

6400


19

Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles



316 km 22


313 km 14


1101 km(1238 in

~2019)

68(76 in

~2019)


859 km 61



SubwayLight Rail

BusCommuter Rail

ParaTransit

138500219900896400

3780010800



20

Mixed Signals 2018






SubwayBus


1298400917000

8490013900


21

Commuter Rail

Mixed Signals 2018

Vancouver



796 km 53



SkyTrainBus

FerryCommuter Rail

472100789400

167009300


22

Commuter Rail

Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC







SubwayLight Rail

BusCommuter Rail

ParaTransit

7602003700

374600(est) 77000

(est) 8000


23


Mixed Signals 2018


Line 1 - 396 km

Line 2 - 275 km

Line 3 - 64 km

Line 4 - 55 km


Red ndash 330 km

Orange ndash 180 km

Blue - 95 km


Purple - 106 km

Green - 53 km


Red - 355 km

Green - 325 km

Orange - 200 km

Brown - 182 km

Pink - 170 km

Yellow - 80 km

Purple - 64 km


Gold - 501 km

Blue - 355 km

Green - 313 km

Expo - 245 km

Red - 236 km

Purple ndash 80 km

Orange ndash 300 km

Green - 221 km

Blue - 97 km

Yellow - 43 km


Expo ndash 350 km

Millennium - 253 km

Canada - 195 km


Red ndash 513 km

Blue - 488 km

Silver - 476 km

Orange - 425 km

Green - 371 km

Yellow - 243 km


24

Mixed Signals 2018


London

Boston

Chicago

Paris

New York City

Toronto

Montreal

Washington DC

Vancouver

Los Angeles

Houston

1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

101 (Paris 1900-1910)

41 (New York City 1930-1940)

1 (Toronto 1990-2000)


25

Mixed Signals 2018


0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

WashingtonDC



46 22 11 27 11 77 100 0km

26

Mixed Signals 2018


22

51

120

136

144

204

223

243












27

Mixed Signals 2018


0

05

1

15

2

25

3


Boston Houston

Mill

ion

s


28

Mixed Signals 2018


0

2

4

6

8

10

12


Mill

ion

s

29

Mixed Signals 2018




















30

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto TTC (2017)



31

Mixed Signals 2018

Boston MBTA (2017)



32

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago CTA (2017)



33

Mixed Signals 2018




34

Mixed Signals 2018





35

Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal STM (2016)



36

Mixed Signals 2018




37

Mixed Signals 2018




38

Mixed Signals 2018


41

129

208

333

398

415

696

558

460



Boston (MBTA 2016)

Chicago (CTA 2016)


Toronto (TTC 2017)


Montreal (STM 2016)



Other Revenue

304

Fares696

39

Mixed Signals 2018


40

759

792

503

525

550

304

511

602



Boston MBTA (2017)


Chicago CTA (2017)

Toronto TTC (2017)

Montreal STM (2016)


$1177

$884

$681

$538

$318

$210

$212

$478




857mtrips

$210per trip

$18bbudget

Mixed Signals 2018

$475

$412

$337

$273

$237 $229

$175

$090

$116

$169$186 $190 $196 $190

$230

$308

$374




553000000rides



41

Mixed Signals 2018


Gas and Fuel Taxes

Parking Tax

Dev Charges

TollsPaid

ParkingVehicle

Tax

Land Transfer

Tax

Toronto ◼ ◼

Boston ◼ ◼

Chicago ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston ◼ ◼

Los Angeles ◼ ◼

Montreal ◼



Recommended by









Mixed Signals 2018





















43

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto

City of Toronto



ParkingBike Share



Council

Wheel-TransBus

StreetcarSubway

Province of Ontario

Metrolinx




PRESTO fare card

FutureLRT

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




44


Mixed Signals 2018

Boston

City of Boston

BikeShare



11 citizen members


MA



Commuter Rail


MBTA Fiscal and

MgmtControl Board

5 members appointed

by Governor

of MA

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




MBTA Advisory



45

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago













Card






Commuter Rail


Mayor of Chicago

Cook County Board

Cook County Board

President


Board Chairs

Divvy Bike Share

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes

Illinois




Mixed Signals 2018

Houston

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



Texas




METRO Service Area

City of Houston


Court


Service Area

47


Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles





Go

vern

or

of

Cal

ifo

rnia

May

or

of

Los

An

gele

s


87 Member Cities

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Commuter Rail





Ora

nge

Co

un

ty

Riv

ers

ide

Co

un

ty

San

Be

rnar

din

o C

ou

nty

Ve

ntu

ra C

ou

nty

Los Angeles County

48


Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



OPUS Fare Card






Commuter Rail







Co

mm

un

auteacute

meacutet

rop

olit

ain

ed

e M

on

treacutea

l

Agg

lom

eacuterat

ion

de

Lon

gueu

il

Vill

e d

e La

val

No

rth

Sh

ore

Sou

th S

ho

re



49


Mixed Signals 2018


Vancouver

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Cit

y o

f V

anco

uve

r




Screening Panel


Mayorsrsquo Council



BC

Min

iste

r o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n

Gre

ater

Van

cou

ver

Gat

eway

Co

un

cil

Ch

arte

red

Acc

ou

nta

nts

of

BC

Van

cou

ver

Bo

ard

of

Trad

e

50

Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Capital Bikeshare

Arl

ingt

on

Co

un

ty V

A

Ale

xan

dri

a V

A

Fair

fax

Co

un

ty V

A

Mo

ntg

om

ery

Co

un

ty M

D





No

rth

ern

Vir

gin

ia T

ran

spo

rtat

ion

C

om

mis

sio

n (

Vir

gin

ia)

Was

hin

gto

n S

ub

urb

an T

ran

sit

Co

mm

issi

on

(M

aryl

and

)

Un

ited

Sta

tes

Secr

etar

y o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n



51

Mixed Signals 2018


Local Core CityCity

Region County

Province State

Federal Govt





paid

Toronto 100 ◼ ◼

Boston 0 ◼

Chicago 31 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston 56 ◼ ◼


Montreal 100 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Vancouver 5 ◼ ◼

Washington DC

25 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼



52

Mixed Signals 2018


2

2

3

1

6

6

4

5

5

7

13

9

8

6

9

8

5

6

5

7

Washington DC WMATA

Toronto TTC

Boston MBTA

Chicago CTA

Montreal RTM

Los Angeles Metro

Houston Metro

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Toronto Metrolinx

Gender

Me

n

Wo

me

n

0

0

0

1

3

2

4

5

2

4

17

11

10

10

11

9

10

10

7

3

Montreal RTM

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Boston MBTA

Toronto Metrolinx

Toronto TTC

Los Angeles Metro

Washington DC WMATA

Houston Metro

Chicago CTA


IncreasedBalance

Wh

ite

BIP

OC

53

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



54

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



55

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



56

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC


Map Attributions











57

Mixed Signals 2018

copy 2018 CodeRedTO




Mixed Signals 2018





















14

Mixed Signals 2018









15

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto






64 km(164 in ~2022)

6(19 in ~2022)


232 km(432 in ~2022)

68(98 in ~2022)


83 km ~300


452 km 66





Wheel-Trans

87730037800

2878001406800

20420013800


16

Mixed Signals 2018

Boston



681 km 62


37 km(439 in ~2022)

66(73 in ~2022)





BusCommuter Rail

ParaTransit

321000204000233100123100

6400


17

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago







729200805500285400

17600


18

Commuter Rail

Mixed Signals 2018

Houston



365 km 39


Light RailBus

ParaTransit

61100222800

6400


19

Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles



316 km 22


313 km 14


1101 km(1238 in

~2019)

68(76 in

~2019)


859 km 61



SubwayLight Rail

BusCommuter Rail

ParaTransit

138500219900896400

3780010800



20

Mixed Signals 2018






SubwayBus


1298400917000

8490013900


21

Commuter Rail

Mixed Signals 2018

Vancouver



796 km 53



SkyTrainBus

FerryCommuter Rail

472100789400

167009300


22

Commuter Rail

Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC







SubwayLight Rail

BusCommuter Rail

ParaTransit

7602003700

374600(est) 77000

(est) 8000


23


Mixed Signals 2018


Line 1 - 396 km

Line 2 - 275 km

Line 3 - 64 km

Line 4 - 55 km


Red ndash 330 km

Orange ndash 180 km

Blue - 95 km


Purple - 106 km

Green - 53 km


Red - 355 km

Green - 325 km

Orange - 200 km

Brown - 182 km

Pink - 170 km

Yellow - 80 km

Purple - 64 km


Gold - 501 km

Blue - 355 km

Green - 313 km

Expo - 245 km

Red - 236 km

Purple ndash 80 km

Orange ndash 300 km

Green - 221 km

Blue - 97 km

Yellow - 43 km


Expo ndash 350 km

Millennium - 253 km

Canada - 195 km


Red ndash 513 km

Blue - 488 km

Silver - 476 km

Orange - 425 km

Green - 371 km

Yellow - 243 km


24

Mixed Signals 2018


London

Boston

Chicago

Paris

New York City

Toronto

Montreal

Washington DC

Vancouver

Los Angeles

Houston

1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

101 (Paris 1900-1910)

41 (New York City 1930-1940)

1 (Toronto 1990-2000)


25

Mixed Signals 2018


0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

WashingtonDC



46 22 11 27 11 77 100 0km

26

Mixed Signals 2018


22

51

120

136

144

204

223

243












27

Mixed Signals 2018


0

05

1

15

2

25

3


Boston Houston

Mill

ion

s


28

Mixed Signals 2018


0

2

4

6

8

10

12


Mill

ion

s

29

Mixed Signals 2018




















30

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto TTC (2017)



31

Mixed Signals 2018

Boston MBTA (2017)



32

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago CTA (2017)



33

Mixed Signals 2018




34

Mixed Signals 2018





35

Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal STM (2016)



36

Mixed Signals 2018




37

Mixed Signals 2018




38

Mixed Signals 2018


41

129

208

333

398

415

696

558

460



Boston (MBTA 2016)

Chicago (CTA 2016)


Toronto (TTC 2017)


Montreal (STM 2016)



Other Revenue

304

Fares696

39

Mixed Signals 2018


40

759

792

503

525

550

304

511

602



Boston MBTA (2017)


Chicago CTA (2017)

Toronto TTC (2017)

Montreal STM (2016)


$1177

$884

$681

$538

$318

$210

$212

$478




857mtrips

$210per trip

$18bbudget

Mixed Signals 2018

$475

$412

$337

$273

$237 $229

$175

$090

$116

$169$186 $190 $196 $190

$230

$308

$374




553000000rides



41

Mixed Signals 2018


Gas and Fuel Taxes

Parking Tax

Dev Charges

TollsPaid

ParkingVehicle

Tax

Land Transfer

Tax

Toronto ◼ ◼

Boston ◼ ◼

Chicago ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston ◼ ◼

Los Angeles ◼ ◼

Montreal ◼



Recommended by









Mixed Signals 2018





















43

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto

City of Toronto



ParkingBike Share



Council

Wheel-TransBus

StreetcarSubway

Province of Ontario

Metrolinx




PRESTO fare card

FutureLRT

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




44


Mixed Signals 2018

Boston

City of Boston

BikeShare



11 citizen members


MA



Commuter Rail


MBTA Fiscal and

MgmtControl Board

5 members appointed

by Governor

of MA

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




MBTA Advisory



45

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago













Card






Commuter Rail


Mayor of Chicago

Cook County Board

Cook County Board

President


Board Chairs

Divvy Bike Share

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes

Illinois




Mixed Signals 2018

Houston

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



Texas




METRO Service Area

City of Houston


Court


Service Area

47


Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles





Go

vern

or

of

Cal

ifo

rnia

May

or

of

Los

An

gele

s


87 Member Cities

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Commuter Rail





Ora

nge

Co

un

ty

Riv

ers

ide

Co

un

ty

San

Be

rnar

din

o C

ou

nty

Ve

ntu

ra C

ou

nty

Los Angeles County

48


Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



OPUS Fare Card






Commuter Rail







Co

mm

un

auteacute

meacutet

rop

olit

ain

ed

e M

on

treacutea

l

Agg

lom

eacuterat

ion

de

Lon

gueu

il

Vill

e d

e La

val

No

rth

Sh

ore

Sou

th S

ho

re



49


Mixed Signals 2018


Vancouver

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Cit

y o

f V

anco

uve

r




Screening Panel


Mayorsrsquo Council



BC

Min

iste

r o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n

Gre

ater

Van

cou

ver

Gat

eway

Co

un

cil

Ch

arte

red

Acc

ou

nta

nts

of

BC

Van

cou

ver

Bo

ard

of

Trad

e

50

Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Capital Bikeshare

Arl

ingt

on

Co

un

ty V

A

Ale

xan

dri

a V

A

Fair

fax

Co

un

ty V

A

Mo

ntg

om

ery

Co

un

ty M

D





No

rth

ern

Vir

gin

ia T

ran

spo

rtat

ion

C

om

mis

sio

n (

Vir

gin

ia)

Was

hin

gto

n S

ub

urb

an T

ran

sit

Co

mm

issi

on

(M

aryl

and

)

Un

ited

Sta

tes

Secr

etar

y o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n



51

Mixed Signals 2018


Local Core CityCity

Region County

Province State

Federal Govt





paid

Toronto 100 ◼ ◼

Boston 0 ◼

Chicago 31 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston 56 ◼ ◼


Montreal 100 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Vancouver 5 ◼ ◼

Washington DC

25 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼



52

Mixed Signals 2018


2

2

3

1

6

6

4

5

5

7

13

9

8

6

9

8

5

6

5

7

Washington DC WMATA

Toronto TTC

Boston MBTA

Chicago CTA

Montreal RTM

Los Angeles Metro

Houston Metro

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Toronto Metrolinx

Gender

Me

n

Wo

me

n

0

0

0

1

3

2

4

5

2

4

17

11

10

10

11

9

10

10

7

3

Montreal RTM

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Boston MBTA

Toronto Metrolinx

Toronto TTC

Los Angeles Metro

Washington DC WMATA

Houston Metro

Chicago CTA


IncreasedBalance

Wh

ite

BIP

OC

53

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



54

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



55

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



56

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC


Map Attributions











57

Mixed Signals 2018

copy 2018 CodeRedTO




Mixed Signals 2018









15

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto






64 km(164 in ~2022)

6(19 in ~2022)


232 km(432 in ~2022)

68(98 in ~2022)


83 km ~300


452 km 66





Wheel-Trans

87730037800

2878001406800

20420013800


16

Mixed Signals 2018

Boston



681 km 62


37 km(439 in ~2022)

66(73 in ~2022)





BusCommuter Rail

ParaTransit

321000204000233100123100

6400


17

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago







729200805500285400

17600


18

Commuter Rail

Mixed Signals 2018

Houston



365 km 39


Light RailBus

ParaTransit

61100222800

6400


19

Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles



316 km 22


313 km 14


1101 km(1238 in

~2019)

68(76 in

~2019)


859 km 61



SubwayLight Rail

BusCommuter Rail

ParaTransit

138500219900896400

3780010800



20

Mixed Signals 2018






SubwayBus


1298400917000

8490013900


21

Commuter Rail

Mixed Signals 2018

Vancouver



796 km 53



SkyTrainBus

FerryCommuter Rail

472100789400

167009300


22

Commuter Rail

Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC







SubwayLight Rail

BusCommuter Rail

ParaTransit

7602003700

374600(est) 77000

(est) 8000


23


Mixed Signals 2018


Line 1 - 396 km

Line 2 - 275 km

Line 3 - 64 km

Line 4 - 55 km


Red ndash 330 km

Orange ndash 180 km

Blue - 95 km


Purple - 106 km

Green - 53 km


Red - 355 km

Green - 325 km

Orange - 200 km

Brown - 182 km

Pink - 170 km

Yellow - 80 km

Purple - 64 km


Gold - 501 km

Blue - 355 km

Green - 313 km

Expo - 245 km

Red - 236 km

Purple ndash 80 km

Orange ndash 300 km

Green - 221 km

Blue - 97 km

Yellow - 43 km


Expo ndash 350 km

Millennium - 253 km

Canada - 195 km


Red ndash 513 km

Blue - 488 km

Silver - 476 km

Orange - 425 km

Green - 371 km

Yellow - 243 km


24

Mixed Signals 2018


London

Boston

Chicago

Paris

New York City

Toronto

Montreal

Washington DC

Vancouver

Los Angeles

Houston

1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

101 (Paris 1900-1910)

41 (New York City 1930-1940)

1 (Toronto 1990-2000)


25

Mixed Signals 2018


0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

WashingtonDC



46 22 11 27 11 77 100 0km

26

Mixed Signals 2018


22

51

120

136

144

204

223

243












27

Mixed Signals 2018


0

05

1

15

2

25

3


Boston Houston

Mill

ion

s


28

Mixed Signals 2018


0

2

4

6

8

10

12


Mill

ion

s

29

Mixed Signals 2018




















30

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto TTC (2017)



31

Mixed Signals 2018

Boston MBTA (2017)



32

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago CTA (2017)



33

Mixed Signals 2018




34

Mixed Signals 2018





35

Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal STM (2016)



36

Mixed Signals 2018




37

Mixed Signals 2018




38

Mixed Signals 2018


41

129

208

333

398

415

696

558

460



Boston (MBTA 2016)

Chicago (CTA 2016)


Toronto (TTC 2017)


Montreal (STM 2016)



Other Revenue

304

Fares696

39

Mixed Signals 2018


40

759

792

503

525

550

304

511

602



Boston MBTA (2017)


Chicago CTA (2017)

Toronto TTC (2017)

Montreal STM (2016)


$1177

$884

$681

$538

$318

$210

$212

$478




857mtrips

$210per trip

$18bbudget

Mixed Signals 2018

$475

$412

$337

$273

$237 $229

$175

$090

$116

$169$186 $190 $196 $190

$230

$308

$374




553000000rides



41

Mixed Signals 2018


Gas and Fuel Taxes

Parking Tax

Dev Charges

TollsPaid

ParkingVehicle

Tax

Land Transfer

Tax

Toronto ◼ ◼

Boston ◼ ◼

Chicago ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston ◼ ◼

Los Angeles ◼ ◼

Montreal ◼



Recommended by









Mixed Signals 2018





















43

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto

City of Toronto



ParkingBike Share



Council

Wheel-TransBus

StreetcarSubway

Province of Ontario

Metrolinx




PRESTO fare card

FutureLRT

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




44


Mixed Signals 2018

Boston

City of Boston

BikeShare



11 citizen members


MA



Commuter Rail


MBTA Fiscal and

MgmtControl Board

5 members appointed

by Governor

of MA

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




MBTA Advisory



45

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago













Card






Commuter Rail


Mayor of Chicago

Cook County Board

Cook County Board

President


Board Chairs

Divvy Bike Share

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes

Illinois




Mixed Signals 2018

Houston

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



Texas




METRO Service Area

City of Houston


Court


Service Area

47


Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles





Go

vern

or

of

Cal

ifo

rnia

May

or

of

Los

An

gele

s


87 Member Cities

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Commuter Rail





Ora

nge

Co

un

ty

Riv

ers

ide

Co

un

ty

San

Be

rnar

din

o C

ou

nty

Ve

ntu

ra C

ou

nty

Los Angeles County

48


Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



OPUS Fare Card






Commuter Rail







Co

mm

un

auteacute

meacutet

rop

olit

ain

ed

e M

on

treacutea

l

Agg

lom

eacuterat

ion

de

Lon

gueu

il

Vill

e d

e La

val

No

rth

Sh

ore

Sou

th S

ho

re



49


Mixed Signals 2018


Vancouver

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Cit

y o

f V

anco

uve

r




Screening Panel


Mayorsrsquo Council



BC

Min

iste

r o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n

Gre

ater

Van

cou

ver

Gat

eway

Co

un

cil

Ch

arte

red

Acc

ou

nta

nts

of

BC

Van

cou

ver

Bo

ard

of

Trad

e

50

Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Capital Bikeshare

Arl

ingt

on

Co

un

ty V

A

Ale

xan

dri

a V

A

Fair

fax

Co

un

ty V

A

Mo

ntg

om

ery

Co

un

ty M

D





No

rth

ern

Vir

gin

ia T

ran

spo

rtat

ion

C

om

mis

sio

n (

Vir

gin

ia)

Was

hin

gto

n S

ub

urb

an T

ran

sit

Co

mm

issi

on

(M

aryl

and

)

Un

ited

Sta

tes

Secr

etar

y o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n



51

Mixed Signals 2018


Local Core CityCity

Region County

Province State

Federal Govt





paid

Toronto 100 ◼ ◼

Boston 0 ◼

Chicago 31 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston 56 ◼ ◼


Montreal 100 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Vancouver 5 ◼ ◼

Washington DC

25 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼



52

Mixed Signals 2018


2

2

3

1

6

6

4

5

5

7

13

9

8

6

9

8

5

6

5

7

Washington DC WMATA

Toronto TTC

Boston MBTA

Chicago CTA

Montreal RTM

Los Angeles Metro

Houston Metro

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Toronto Metrolinx

Gender

Me

n

Wo

me

n

0

0

0

1

3

2

4

5

2

4

17

11

10

10

11

9

10

10

7

3

Montreal RTM

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Boston MBTA

Toronto Metrolinx

Toronto TTC

Los Angeles Metro

Washington DC WMATA

Houston Metro

Chicago CTA


IncreasedBalance

Wh

ite

BIP

OC

53

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



54

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



55

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



56

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC


Map Attributions











57

Mixed Signals 2018

copy 2018 CodeRedTO




Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto






64 km(164 in ~2022)

6(19 in ~2022)


232 km(432 in ~2022)

68(98 in ~2022)


83 km ~300


452 km 66





Wheel-Trans

87730037800

2878001406800

20420013800


16

Mixed Signals 2018

Boston



681 km 62


37 km(439 in ~2022)

66(73 in ~2022)





BusCommuter Rail

ParaTransit

321000204000233100123100

6400


17

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago







729200805500285400

17600


18

Commuter Rail

Mixed Signals 2018

Houston



365 km 39


Light RailBus

ParaTransit

61100222800

6400


19

Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles



316 km 22


313 km 14


1101 km(1238 in

~2019)

68(76 in

~2019)


859 km 61



SubwayLight Rail

BusCommuter Rail

ParaTransit

138500219900896400

3780010800



20

Mixed Signals 2018






SubwayBus


1298400917000

8490013900


21

Commuter Rail

Mixed Signals 2018

Vancouver



796 km 53



SkyTrainBus

FerryCommuter Rail

472100789400

167009300


22

Commuter Rail

Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC







SubwayLight Rail

BusCommuter Rail

ParaTransit

7602003700

374600(est) 77000

(est) 8000


23


Mixed Signals 2018


Line 1 - 396 km

Line 2 - 275 km

Line 3 - 64 km

Line 4 - 55 km


Red ndash 330 km

Orange ndash 180 km

Blue - 95 km


Purple - 106 km

Green - 53 km


Red - 355 km

Green - 325 km

Orange - 200 km

Brown - 182 km

Pink - 170 km

Yellow - 80 km

Purple - 64 km


Gold - 501 km

Blue - 355 km

Green - 313 km

Expo - 245 km

Red - 236 km

Purple ndash 80 km

Orange ndash 300 km

Green - 221 km

Blue - 97 km

Yellow - 43 km


Expo ndash 350 km

Millennium - 253 km

Canada - 195 km


Red ndash 513 km

Blue - 488 km

Silver - 476 km

Orange - 425 km

Green - 371 km

Yellow - 243 km


24

Mixed Signals 2018


London

Boston

Chicago

Paris

New York City

Toronto

Montreal

Washington DC

Vancouver

Los Angeles

Houston

1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

101 (Paris 1900-1910)

41 (New York City 1930-1940)

1 (Toronto 1990-2000)


25

Mixed Signals 2018


0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

WashingtonDC



46 22 11 27 11 77 100 0km

26

Mixed Signals 2018


22

51

120

136

144

204

223

243












27

Mixed Signals 2018


0

05

1

15

2

25

3


Boston Houston

Mill

ion

s


28

Mixed Signals 2018


0

2

4

6

8

10

12


Mill

ion

s

29

Mixed Signals 2018




















30

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto TTC (2017)



31

Mixed Signals 2018

Boston MBTA (2017)



32

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago CTA (2017)



33

Mixed Signals 2018




34

Mixed Signals 2018





35

Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal STM (2016)



36

Mixed Signals 2018




37

Mixed Signals 2018




38

Mixed Signals 2018


41

129

208

333

398

415

696

558

460



Boston (MBTA 2016)

Chicago (CTA 2016)


Toronto (TTC 2017)


Montreal (STM 2016)



Other Revenue

304

Fares696

39

Mixed Signals 2018


40

759

792

503

525

550

304

511

602



Boston MBTA (2017)


Chicago CTA (2017)

Toronto TTC (2017)

Montreal STM (2016)


$1177

$884

$681

$538

$318

$210

$212

$478




857mtrips

$210per trip

$18bbudget

Mixed Signals 2018

$475

$412

$337

$273

$237 $229

$175

$090

$116

$169$186 $190 $196 $190

$230

$308

$374




553000000rides



41

Mixed Signals 2018


Gas and Fuel Taxes

Parking Tax

Dev Charges

TollsPaid

ParkingVehicle

Tax

Land Transfer

Tax

Toronto ◼ ◼

Boston ◼ ◼

Chicago ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston ◼ ◼

Los Angeles ◼ ◼

Montreal ◼



Recommended by









Mixed Signals 2018





















43

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto

City of Toronto



ParkingBike Share



Council

Wheel-TransBus

StreetcarSubway

Province of Ontario

Metrolinx




PRESTO fare card

FutureLRT

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




44


Mixed Signals 2018

Boston

City of Boston

BikeShare



11 citizen members


MA



Commuter Rail


MBTA Fiscal and

MgmtControl Board

5 members appointed

by Governor

of MA

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




MBTA Advisory



45

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago













Card






Commuter Rail


Mayor of Chicago

Cook County Board

Cook County Board

President


Board Chairs

Divvy Bike Share

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes

Illinois




Mixed Signals 2018

Houston

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



Texas




METRO Service Area

City of Houston


Court


Service Area

47


Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles





Go

vern

or

of

Cal

ifo

rnia

May

or

of

Los

An

gele

s


87 Member Cities

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Commuter Rail





Ora

nge

Co

un

ty

Riv

ers

ide

Co

un

ty

San

Be

rnar

din

o C

ou

nty

Ve

ntu

ra C

ou

nty

Los Angeles County

48


Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



OPUS Fare Card






Commuter Rail







Co

mm

un

auteacute

meacutet

rop

olit

ain

ed

e M

on

treacutea

l

Agg

lom

eacuterat

ion

de

Lon

gueu

il

Vill

e d

e La

val

No

rth

Sh

ore

Sou

th S

ho

re



49


Mixed Signals 2018


Vancouver

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Cit

y o

f V

anco

uve

r




Screening Panel


Mayorsrsquo Council



BC

Min

iste

r o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n

Gre

ater

Van

cou

ver

Gat

eway

Co

un

cil

Ch

arte

red

Acc

ou

nta

nts

of

BC

Van

cou

ver

Bo

ard

of

Trad

e

50

Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Capital Bikeshare

Arl

ingt

on

Co

un

ty V

A

Ale

xan

dri

a V

A

Fair

fax

Co

un

ty V

A

Mo

ntg

om

ery

Co

un

ty M

D





No

rth

ern

Vir

gin

ia T

ran

spo

rtat

ion

C

om

mis

sio

n (

Vir

gin

ia)

Was

hin

gto

n S

ub

urb

an T

ran

sit

Co

mm

issi

on

(M

aryl

and

)

Un

ited

Sta

tes

Secr

etar

y o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n



51

Mixed Signals 2018


Local Core CityCity

Region County

Province State

Federal Govt





paid

Toronto 100 ◼ ◼

Boston 0 ◼

Chicago 31 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston 56 ◼ ◼


Montreal 100 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Vancouver 5 ◼ ◼

Washington DC

25 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼



52

Mixed Signals 2018


2

2

3

1

6

6

4

5

5

7

13

9

8

6

9

8

5

6

5

7

Washington DC WMATA

Toronto TTC

Boston MBTA

Chicago CTA

Montreal RTM

Los Angeles Metro

Houston Metro

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Toronto Metrolinx

Gender

Me

n

Wo

me

n

0

0

0

1

3

2

4

5

2

4

17

11

10

10

11

9

10

10

7

3

Montreal RTM

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Boston MBTA

Toronto Metrolinx

Toronto TTC

Los Angeles Metro

Washington DC WMATA

Houston Metro

Chicago CTA


IncreasedBalance

Wh

ite

BIP

OC

53

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



54

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



55

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



56

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC


Map Attributions











57

Mixed Signals 2018

copy 2018 CodeRedTO




Mixed Signals 2018

Boston



681 km 62


37 km(439 in ~2022)

66(73 in ~2022)





BusCommuter Rail

ParaTransit

321000204000233100123100

6400


17

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago







729200805500285400

17600


18

Commuter Rail

Mixed Signals 2018

Houston



365 km 39


Light RailBus

ParaTransit

61100222800

6400


19

Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles



316 km 22


313 km 14


1101 km(1238 in

~2019)

68(76 in

~2019)


859 km 61



SubwayLight Rail

BusCommuter Rail

ParaTransit

138500219900896400

3780010800



20

Mixed Signals 2018






SubwayBus


1298400917000

8490013900


21

Commuter Rail

Mixed Signals 2018

Vancouver



796 km 53



SkyTrainBus

FerryCommuter Rail

472100789400

167009300


22

Commuter Rail

Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC







SubwayLight Rail

BusCommuter Rail

ParaTransit

7602003700

374600(est) 77000

(est) 8000


23


Mixed Signals 2018


Line 1 - 396 km

Line 2 - 275 km

Line 3 - 64 km

Line 4 - 55 km


Red ndash 330 km

Orange ndash 180 km

Blue - 95 km


Purple - 106 km

Green - 53 km


Red - 355 km

Green - 325 km

Orange - 200 km

Brown - 182 km

Pink - 170 km

Yellow - 80 km

Purple - 64 km


Gold - 501 km

Blue - 355 km

Green - 313 km

Expo - 245 km

Red - 236 km

Purple ndash 80 km

Orange ndash 300 km

Green - 221 km

Blue - 97 km

Yellow - 43 km


Expo ndash 350 km

Millennium - 253 km

Canada - 195 km


Red ndash 513 km

Blue - 488 km

Silver - 476 km

Orange - 425 km

Green - 371 km

Yellow - 243 km


24

Mixed Signals 2018


London

Boston

Chicago

Paris

New York City

Toronto

Montreal

Washington DC

Vancouver

Los Angeles

Houston

1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

101 (Paris 1900-1910)

41 (New York City 1930-1940)

1 (Toronto 1990-2000)


25

Mixed Signals 2018


0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

WashingtonDC



46 22 11 27 11 77 100 0km

26

Mixed Signals 2018


22

51

120

136

144

204

223

243












27

Mixed Signals 2018


0

05

1

15

2

25

3


Boston Houston

Mill

ion

s


28

Mixed Signals 2018


0

2

4

6

8

10

12


Mill

ion

s

29

Mixed Signals 2018




















30

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto TTC (2017)



31

Mixed Signals 2018

Boston MBTA (2017)



32

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago CTA (2017)



33

Mixed Signals 2018




34

Mixed Signals 2018





35

Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal STM (2016)



36

Mixed Signals 2018




37

Mixed Signals 2018




38

Mixed Signals 2018


41

129

208

333

398

415

696

558

460



Boston (MBTA 2016)

Chicago (CTA 2016)


Toronto (TTC 2017)


Montreal (STM 2016)



Other Revenue

304

Fares696

39

Mixed Signals 2018


40

759

792

503

525

550

304

511

602



Boston MBTA (2017)


Chicago CTA (2017)

Toronto TTC (2017)

Montreal STM (2016)


$1177

$884

$681

$538

$318

$210

$212

$478




857mtrips

$210per trip

$18bbudget

Mixed Signals 2018

$475

$412

$337

$273

$237 $229

$175

$090

$116

$169$186 $190 $196 $190

$230

$308

$374




553000000rides



41

Mixed Signals 2018


Gas and Fuel Taxes

Parking Tax

Dev Charges

TollsPaid

ParkingVehicle

Tax

Land Transfer

Tax

Toronto ◼ ◼

Boston ◼ ◼

Chicago ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston ◼ ◼

Los Angeles ◼ ◼

Montreal ◼



Recommended by









Mixed Signals 2018





















43

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto

City of Toronto



ParkingBike Share



Council

Wheel-TransBus

StreetcarSubway

Province of Ontario

Metrolinx




PRESTO fare card

FutureLRT

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




44


Mixed Signals 2018

Boston

City of Boston

BikeShare



11 citizen members


MA



Commuter Rail


MBTA Fiscal and

MgmtControl Board

5 members appointed

by Governor

of MA

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




MBTA Advisory



45

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago













Card






Commuter Rail


Mayor of Chicago

Cook County Board

Cook County Board

President


Board Chairs

Divvy Bike Share

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes

Illinois




Mixed Signals 2018

Houston

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



Texas




METRO Service Area

City of Houston


Court


Service Area

47


Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles





Go

vern

or

of

Cal

ifo

rnia

May

or

of

Los

An

gele

s


87 Member Cities

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Commuter Rail





Ora

nge

Co

un

ty

Riv

ers

ide

Co

un

ty

San

Be

rnar

din

o C

ou

nty

Ve

ntu

ra C

ou

nty

Los Angeles County

48


Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



OPUS Fare Card






Commuter Rail







Co

mm

un

auteacute

meacutet

rop

olit

ain

ed

e M

on

treacutea

l

Agg

lom

eacuterat

ion

de

Lon

gueu

il

Vill

e d

e La

val

No

rth

Sh

ore

Sou

th S

ho

re



49


Mixed Signals 2018


Vancouver

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Cit

y o

f V

anco

uve

r




Screening Panel


Mayorsrsquo Council



BC

Min

iste

r o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n

Gre

ater

Van

cou

ver

Gat

eway

Co

un

cil

Ch

arte

red

Acc

ou

nta

nts

of

BC

Van

cou

ver

Bo

ard

of

Trad

e

50

Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Capital Bikeshare

Arl

ingt

on

Co

un

ty V

A

Ale

xan

dri

a V

A

Fair

fax

Co

un

ty V

A

Mo

ntg

om

ery

Co

un

ty M

D





No

rth

ern

Vir

gin

ia T

ran

spo

rtat

ion

C

om

mis

sio

n (

Vir

gin

ia)

Was

hin

gto

n S

ub

urb

an T

ran

sit

Co

mm

issi

on

(M

aryl

and

)

Un

ited

Sta

tes

Secr

etar

y o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n



51

Mixed Signals 2018


Local Core CityCity

Region County

Province State

Federal Govt





paid

Toronto 100 ◼ ◼

Boston 0 ◼

Chicago 31 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston 56 ◼ ◼


Montreal 100 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Vancouver 5 ◼ ◼

Washington DC

25 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼



52

Mixed Signals 2018


2

2

3

1

6

6

4

5

5

7

13

9

8

6

9

8

5

6

5

7

Washington DC WMATA

Toronto TTC

Boston MBTA

Chicago CTA

Montreal RTM

Los Angeles Metro

Houston Metro

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Toronto Metrolinx

Gender

Me

n

Wo

me

n

0

0

0

1

3

2

4

5

2

4

17

11

10

10

11

9

10

10

7

3

Montreal RTM

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Boston MBTA

Toronto Metrolinx

Toronto TTC

Los Angeles Metro

Washington DC WMATA

Houston Metro

Chicago CTA


IncreasedBalance

Wh

ite

BIP

OC

53

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



54

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



55

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



56

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC


Map Attributions











57

Mixed Signals 2018

copy 2018 CodeRedTO




Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago







729200805500285400

17600


18

Commuter Rail

Mixed Signals 2018

Houston



365 km 39


Light RailBus

ParaTransit

61100222800

6400


19

Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles



316 km 22


313 km 14


1101 km(1238 in

~2019)

68(76 in

~2019)


859 km 61



SubwayLight Rail

BusCommuter Rail

ParaTransit

138500219900896400

3780010800



20

Mixed Signals 2018






SubwayBus


1298400917000

8490013900


21

Commuter Rail

Mixed Signals 2018

Vancouver



796 km 53



SkyTrainBus

FerryCommuter Rail

472100789400

167009300


22

Commuter Rail

Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC







SubwayLight Rail

BusCommuter Rail

ParaTransit

7602003700

374600(est) 77000

(est) 8000


23


Mixed Signals 2018


Line 1 - 396 km

Line 2 - 275 km

Line 3 - 64 km

Line 4 - 55 km


Red ndash 330 km

Orange ndash 180 km

Blue - 95 km


Purple - 106 km

Green - 53 km


Red - 355 km

Green - 325 km

Orange - 200 km

Brown - 182 km

Pink - 170 km

Yellow - 80 km

Purple - 64 km


Gold - 501 km

Blue - 355 km

Green - 313 km

Expo - 245 km

Red - 236 km

Purple ndash 80 km

Orange ndash 300 km

Green - 221 km

Blue - 97 km

Yellow - 43 km


Expo ndash 350 km

Millennium - 253 km

Canada - 195 km


Red ndash 513 km

Blue - 488 km

Silver - 476 km

Orange - 425 km

Green - 371 km

Yellow - 243 km


24

Mixed Signals 2018


London

Boston

Chicago

Paris

New York City

Toronto

Montreal

Washington DC

Vancouver

Los Angeles

Houston

1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

101 (Paris 1900-1910)

41 (New York City 1930-1940)

1 (Toronto 1990-2000)


25

Mixed Signals 2018


0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

WashingtonDC



46 22 11 27 11 77 100 0km

26

Mixed Signals 2018


22

51

120

136

144

204

223

243












27

Mixed Signals 2018


0

05

1

15

2

25

3


Boston Houston

Mill

ion

s


28

Mixed Signals 2018


0

2

4

6

8

10

12


Mill

ion

s

29

Mixed Signals 2018




















30

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto TTC (2017)



31

Mixed Signals 2018

Boston MBTA (2017)



32

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago CTA (2017)



33

Mixed Signals 2018




34

Mixed Signals 2018





35

Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal STM (2016)



36

Mixed Signals 2018




37

Mixed Signals 2018




38

Mixed Signals 2018


41

129

208

333

398

415

696

558

460



Boston (MBTA 2016)

Chicago (CTA 2016)


Toronto (TTC 2017)


Montreal (STM 2016)



Other Revenue

304

Fares696

39

Mixed Signals 2018


40

759

792

503

525

550

304

511

602



Boston MBTA (2017)


Chicago CTA (2017)

Toronto TTC (2017)

Montreal STM (2016)


$1177

$884

$681

$538

$318

$210

$212

$478




857mtrips

$210per trip

$18bbudget

Mixed Signals 2018

$475

$412

$337

$273

$237 $229

$175

$090

$116

$169$186 $190 $196 $190

$230

$308

$374




553000000rides



41

Mixed Signals 2018


Gas and Fuel Taxes

Parking Tax

Dev Charges

TollsPaid

ParkingVehicle

Tax

Land Transfer

Tax

Toronto ◼ ◼

Boston ◼ ◼

Chicago ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston ◼ ◼

Los Angeles ◼ ◼

Montreal ◼



Recommended by









Mixed Signals 2018





















43

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto

City of Toronto



ParkingBike Share



Council

Wheel-TransBus

StreetcarSubway

Province of Ontario

Metrolinx




PRESTO fare card

FutureLRT

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




44


Mixed Signals 2018

Boston

City of Boston

BikeShare



11 citizen members


MA



Commuter Rail


MBTA Fiscal and

MgmtControl Board

5 members appointed

by Governor

of MA

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




MBTA Advisory



45

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago













Card






Commuter Rail


Mayor of Chicago

Cook County Board

Cook County Board

President


Board Chairs

Divvy Bike Share

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes

Illinois




Mixed Signals 2018

Houston

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



Texas




METRO Service Area

City of Houston


Court


Service Area

47


Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles





Go

vern

or

of

Cal

ifo

rnia

May

or

of

Los

An

gele

s


87 Member Cities

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Commuter Rail





Ora

nge

Co

un

ty

Riv

ers

ide

Co

un

ty

San

Be

rnar

din

o C

ou

nty

Ve

ntu

ra C

ou

nty

Los Angeles County

48


Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



OPUS Fare Card






Commuter Rail







Co

mm

un

auteacute

meacutet

rop

olit

ain

ed

e M

on

treacutea

l

Agg

lom

eacuterat

ion

de

Lon

gueu

il

Vill

e d

e La

val

No

rth

Sh

ore

Sou

th S

ho

re



49


Mixed Signals 2018


Vancouver

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Cit

y o

f V

anco

uve

r




Screening Panel


Mayorsrsquo Council



BC

Min

iste

r o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n

Gre

ater

Van

cou

ver

Gat

eway

Co

un

cil

Ch

arte

red

Acc

ou

nta

nts

of

BC

Van

cou

ver

Bo

ard

of

Trad

e

50

Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Capital Bikeshare

Arl

ingt

on

Co

un

ty V

A

Ale

xan

dri

a V

A

Fair

fax

Co

un

ty V

A

Mo

ntg

om

ery

Co

un

ty M

D





No

rth

ern

Vir

gin

ia T

ran

spo

rtat

ion

C

om

mis

sio

n (

Vir

gin

ia)

Was

hin

gto

n S

ub

urb

an T

ran

sit

Co

mm

issi

on

(M

aryl

and

)

Un

ited

Sta

tes

Secr

etar

y o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n



51

Mixed Signals 2018


Local Core CityCity

Region County

Province State

Federal Govt





paid

Toronto 100 ◼ ◼

Boston 0 ◼

Chicago 31 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston 56 ◼ ◼


Montreal 100 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Vancouver 5 ◼ ◼

Washington DC

25 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼



52

Mixed Signals 2018


2

2

3

1

6

6

4

5

5

7

13

9

8

6

9

8

5

6

5

7

Washington DC WMATA

Toronto TTC

Boston MBTA

Chicago CTA

Montreal RTM

Los Angeles Metro

Houston Metro

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Toronto Metrolinx

Gender

Me

n

Wo

me

n

0

0

0

1

3

2

4

5

2

4

17

11

10

10

11

9

10

10

7

3

Montreal RTM

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Boston MBTA

Toronto Metrolinx

Toronto TTC

Los Angeles Metro

Washington DC WMATA

Houston Metro

Chicago CTA


IncreasedBalance

Wh

ite

BIP

OC

53

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



54

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



55

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



56

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC


Map Attributions











57

Mixed Signals 2018

copy 2018 CodeRedTO




Mixed Signals 2018

Houston



365 km 39


Light RailBus

ParaTransit

61100222800

6400


19

Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles



316 km 22


313 km 14


1101 km(1238 in

~2019)

68(76 in

~2019)


859 km 61



SubwayLight Rail

BusCommuter Rail

ParaTransit

138500219900896400

3780010800



20

Mixed Signals 2018






SubwayBus


1298400917000

8490013900


21

Commuter Rail

Mixed Signals 2018

Vancouver



796 km 53



SkyTrainBus

FerryCommuter Rail

472100789400

167009300


22

Commuter Rail

Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC







SubwayLight Rail

BusCommuter Rail

ParaTransit

7602003700

374600(est) 77000

(est) 8000


23


Mixed Signals 2018


Line 1 - 396 km

Line 2 - 275 km

Line 3 - 64 km

Line 4 - 55 km


Red ndash 330 km

Orange ndash 180 km

Blue - 95 km


Purple - 106 km

Green - 53 km


Red - 355 km

Green - 325 km

Orange - 200 km

Brown - 182 km

Pink - 170 km

Yellow - 80 km

Purple - 64 km


Gold - 501 km

Blue - 355 km

Green - 313 km

Expo - 245 km

Red - 236 km

Purple ndash 80 km

Orange ndash 300 km

Green - 221 km

Blue - 97 km

Yellow - 43 km


Expo ndash 350 km

Millennium - 253 km

Canada - 195 km


Red ndash 513 km

Blue - 488 km

Silver - 476 km

Orange - 425 km

Green - 371 km

Yellow - 243 km


24

Mixed Signals 2018


London

Boston

Chicago

Paris

New York City

Toronto

Montreal

Washington DC

Vancouver

Los Angeles

Houston

1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

101 (Paris 1900-1910)

41 (New York City 1930-1940)

1 (Toronto 1990-2000)


25

Mixed Signals 2018


0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

WashingtonDC



46 22 11 27 11 77 100 0km

26

Mixed Signals 2018


22

51

120

136

144

204

223

243












27

Mixed Signals 2018


0

05

1

15

2

25

3


Boston Houston

Mill

ion

s


28

Mixed Signals 2018


0

2

4

6

8

10

12


Mill

ion

s

29

Mixed Signals 2018




















30

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto TTC (2017)



31

Mixed Signals 2018

Boston MBTA (2017)



32

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago CTA (2017)



33

Mixed Signals 2018




34

Mixed Signals 2018





35

Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal STM (2016)



36

Mixed Signals 2018




37

Mixed Signals 2018




38

Mixed Signals 2018


41

129

208

333

398

415

696

558

460



Boston (MBTA 2016)

Chicago (CTA 2016)


Toronto (TTC 2017)


Montreal (STM 2016)



Other Revenue

304

Fares696

39

Mixed Signals 2018


40

759

792

503

525

550

304

511

602



Boston MBTA (2017)


Chicago CTA (2017)

Toronto TTC (2017)

Montreal STM (2016)


$1177

$884

$681

$538

$318

$210

$212

$478




857mtrips

$210per trip

$18bbudget

Mixed Signals 2018

$475

$412

$337

$273

$237 $229

$175

$090

$116

$169$186 $190 $196 $190

$230

$308

$374




553000000rides



41

Mixed Signals 2018


Gas and Fuel Taxes

Parking Tax

Dev Charges

TollsPaid

ParkingVehicle

Tax

Land Transfer

Tax

Toronto ◼ ◼

Boston ◼ ◼

Chicago ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston ◼ ◼

Los Angeles ◼ ◼

Montreal ◼



Recommended by









Mixed Signals 2018





















43

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto

City of Toronto



ParkingBike Share



Council

Wheel-TransBus

StreetcarSubway

Province of Ontario

Metrolinx




PRESTO fare card

FutureLRT

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




44


Mixed Signals 2018

Boston

City of Boston

BikeShare



11 citizen members


MA



Commuter Rail


MBTA Fiscal and

MgmtControl Board

5 members appointed

by Governor

of MA

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




MBTA Advisory



45

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago













Card






Commuter Rail


Mayor of Chicago

Cook County Board

Cook County Board

President


Board Chairs

Divvy Bike Share

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes

Illinois




Mixed Signals 2018

Houston

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



Texas




METRO Service Area

City of Houston


Court


Service Area

47


Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles





Go

vern

or

of

Cal

ifo

rnia

May

or

of

Los

An

gele

s


87 Member Cities

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Commuter Rail





Ora

nge

Co

un

ty

Riv

ers

ide

Co

un

ty

San

Be

rnar

din

o C

ou

nty

Ve

ntu

ra C

ou

nty

Los Angeles County

48


Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



OPUS Fare Card






Commuter Rail







Co

mm

un

auteacute

meacutet

rop

olit

ain

ed

e M

on

treacutea

l

Agg

lom

eacuterat

ion

de

Lon

gueu

il

Vill

e d

e La

val

No

rth

Sh

ore

Sou

th S

ho

re



49


Mixed Signals 2018


Vancouver

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Cit

y o

f V

anco

uve

r




Screening Panel


Mayorsrsquo Council



BC

Min

iste

r o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n

Gre

ater

Van

cou

ver

Gat

eway

Co

un

cil

Ch

arte

red

Acc

ou

nta

nts

of

BC

Van

cou

ver

Bo

ard

of

Trad

e

50

Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Capital Bikeshare

Arl

ingt

on

Co

un

ty V

A

Ale

xan

dri

a V

A

Fair

fax

Co

un

ty V

A

Mo

ntg

om

ery

Co

un

ty M

D





No

rth

ern

Vir

gin

ia T

ran

spo

rtat

ion

C

om

mis

sio

n (

Vir

gin

ia)

Was

hin

gto

n S

ub

urb

an T

ran

sit

Co

mm

issi

on

(M

aryl

and

)

Un

ited

Sta

tes

Secr

etar

y o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n



51

Mixed Signals 2018


Local Core CityCity

Region County

Province State

Federal Govt





paid

Toronto 100 ◼ ◼

Boston 0 ◼

Chicago 31 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston 56 ◼ ◼


Montreal 100 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Vancouver 5 ◼ ◼

Washington DC

25 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼



52

Mixed Signals 2018


2

2

3

1

6

6

4

5

5

7

13

9

8

6

9

8

5

6

5

7

Washington DC WMATA

Toronto TTC

Boston MBTA

Chicago CTA

Montreal RTM

Los Angeles Metro

Houston Metro

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Toronto Metrolinx

Gender

Me

n

Wo

me

n

0

0

0

1

3

2

4

5

2

4

17

11

10

10

11

9

10

10

7

3

Montreal RTM

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Boston MBTA

Toronto Metrolinx

Toronto TTC

Los Angeles Metro

Washington DC WMATA

Houston Metro

Chicago CTA


IncreasedBalance

Wh

ite

BIP

OC

53

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



54

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



55

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



56

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC


Map Attributions











57

Mixed Signals 2018

copy 2018 CodeRedTO




Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles



316 km 22


313 km 14


1101 km(1238 in

~2019)

68(76 in

~2019)


859 km 61



SubwayLight Rail

BusCommuter Rail

ParaTransit

138500219900896400

3780010800



20

Mixed Signals 2018






SubwayBus


1298400917000

8490013900


21

Commuter Rail

Mixed Signals 2018

Vancouver



796 km 53



SkyTrainBus

FerryCommuter Rail

472100789400

167009300


22

Commuter Rail

Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC







SubwayLight Rail

BusCommuter Rail

ParaTransit

7602003700

374600(est) 77000

(est) 8000


23


Mixed Signals 2018


Line 1 - 396 km

Line 2 - 275 km

Line 3 - 64 km

Line 4 - 55 km


Red ndash 330 km

Orange ndash 180 km

Blue - 95 km


Purple - 106 km

Green - 53 km


Red - 355 km

Green - 325 km

Orange - 200 km

Brown - 182 km

Pink - 170 km

Yellow - 80 km

Purple - 64 km


Gold - 501 km

Blue - 355 km

Green - 313 km

Expo - 245 km

Red - 236 km

Purple ndash 80 km

Orange ndash 300 km

Green - 221 km

Blue - 97 km

Yellow - 43 km


Expo ndash 350 km

Millennium - 253 km

Canada - 195 km


Red ndash 513 km

Blue - 488 km

Silver - 476 km

Orange - 425 km

Green - 371 km

Yellow - 243 km


24

Mixed Signals 2018


London

Boston

Chicago

Paris

New York City

Toronto

Montreal

Washington DC

Vancouver

Los Angeles

Houston

1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

101 (Paris 1900-1910)

41 (New York City 1930-1940)

1 (Toronto 1990-2000)


25

Mixed Signals 2018


0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

WashingtonDC



46 22 11 27 11 77 100 0km

26

Mixed Signals 2018


22

51

120

136

144

204

223

243












27

Mixed Signals 2018


0

05

1

15

2

25

3


Boston Houston

Mill

ion

s


28

Mixed Signals 2018


0

2

4

6

8

10

12


Mill

ion

s

29

Mixed Signals 2018




















30

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto TTC (2017)



31

Mixed Signals 2018

Boston MBTA (2017)



32

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago CTA (2017)



33

Mixed Signals 2018




34

Mixed Signals 2018





35

Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal STM (2016)



36

Mixed Signals 2018




37

Mixed Signals 2018




38

Mixed Signals 2018


41

129

208

333

398

415

696

558

460



Boston (MBTA 2016)

Chicago (CTA 2016)


Toronto (TTC 2017)


Montreal (STM 2016)



Other Revenue

304

Fares696

39

Mixed Signals 2018


40

759

792

503

525

550

304

511

602



Boston MBTA (2017)


Chicago CTA (2017)

Toronto TTC (2017)

Montreal STM (2016)


$1177

$884

$681

$538

$318

$210

$212

$478




857mtrips

$210per trip

$18bbudget

Mixed Signals 2018

$475

$412

$337

$273

$237 $229

$175

$090

$116

$169$186 $190 $196 $190

$230

$308

$374




553000000rides



41

Mixed Signals 2018


Gas and Fuel Taxes

Parking Tax

Dev Charges

TollsPaid

ParkingVehicle

Tax

Land Transfer

Tax

Toronto ◼ ◼

Boston ◼ ◼

Chicago ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston ◼ ◼

Los Angeles ◼ ◼

Montreal ◼



Recommended by









Mixed Signals 2018





















43

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto

City of Toronto



ParkingBike Share



Council

Wheel-TransBus

StreetcarSubway

Province of Ontario

Metrolinx




PRESTO fare card

FutureLRT

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




44


Mixed Signals 2018

Boston

City of Boston

BikeShare



11 citizen members


MA



Commuter Rail


MBTA Fiscal and

MgmtControl Board

5 members appointed

by Governor

of MA

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




MBTA Advisory



45

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago













Card






Commuter Rail


Mayor of Chicago

Cook County Board

Cook County Board

President


Board Chairs

Divvy Bike Share

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes

Illinois




Mixed Signals 2018

Houston

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



Texas




METRO Service Area

City of Houston


Court


Service Area

47


Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles





Go

vern

or

of

Cal

ifo

rnia

May

or

of

Los

An

gele

s


87 Member Cities

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Commuter Rail





Ora

nge

Co

un

ty

Riv

ers

ide

Co

un

ty

San

Be

rnar

din

o C

ou

nty

Ve

ntu

ra C

ou

nty

Los Angeles County

48


Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



OPUS Fare Card






Commuter Rail







Co

mm

un

auteacute

meacutet

rop

olit

ain

ed

e M

on

treacutea

l

Agg

lom

eacuterat

ion

de

Lon

gueu

il

Vill

e d

e La

val

No

rth

Sh

ore

Sou

th S

ho

re



49


Mixed Signals 2018


Vancouver

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Cit

y o

f V

anco

uve

r




Screening Panel


Mayorsrsquo Council



BC

Min

iste

r o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n

Gre

ater

Van

cou

ver

Gat

eway

Co

un

cil

Ch

arte

red

Acc

ou

nta

nts

of

BC

Van

cou

ver

Bo

ard

of

Trad

e

50

Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Capital Bikeshare

Arl

ingt

on

Co

un

ty V

A

Ale

xan

dri

a V

A

Fair

fax

Co

un

ty V

A

Mo

ntg

om

ery

Co

un

ty M

D





No

rth

ern

Vir

gin

ia T

ran

spo

rtat

ion

C

om

mis

sio

n (

Vir

gin

ia)

Was

hin

gto

n S

ub

urb

an T

ran

sit

Co

mm

issi

on

(M

aryl

and

)

Un

ited

Sta

tes

Secr

etar

y o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n



51

Mixed Signals 2018


Local Core CityCity

Region County

Province State

Federal Govt





paid

Toronto 100 ◼ ◼

Boston 0 ◼

Chicago 31 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston 56 ◼ ◼


Montreal 100 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Vancouver 5 ◼ ◼

Washington DC

25 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼



52

Mixed Signals 2018


2

2

3

1

6

6

4

5

5

7

13

9

8

6

9

8

5

6

5

7

Washington DC WMATA

Toronto TTC

Boston MBTA

Chicago CTA

Montreal RTM

Los Angeles Metro

Houston Metro

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Toronto Metrolinx

Gender

Me

n

Wo

me

n

0

0

0

1

3

2

4

5

2

4

17

11

10

10

11

9

10

10

7

3

Montreal RTM

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Boston MBTA

Toronto Metrolinx

Toronto TTC

Los Angeles Metro

Washington DC WMATA

Houston Metro

Chicago CTA


IncreasedBalance

Wh

ite

BIP

OC

53

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



54

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



55

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



56

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC


Map Attributions











57

Mixed Signals 2018

copy 2018 CodeRedTO




Mixed Signals 2018






SubwayBus


1298400917000

8490013900


21

Commuter Rail

Mixed Signals 2018

Vancouver



796 km 53



SkyTrainBus

FerryCommuter Rail

472100789400

167009300


22

Commuter Rail

Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC







SubwayLight Rail

BusCommuter Rail

ParaTransit

7602003700

374600(est) 77000

(est) 8000


23


Mixed Signals 2018


Line 1 - 396 km

Line 2 - 275 km

Line 3 - 64 km

Line 4 - 55 km


Red ndash 330 km

Orange ndash 180 km

Blue - 95 km


Purple - 106 km

Green - 53 km


Red - 355 km

Green - 325 km

Orange - 200 km

Brown - 182 km

Pink - 170 km

Yellow - 80 km

Purple - 64 km


Gold - 501 km

Blue - 355 km

Green - 313 km

Expo - 245 km

Red - 236 km

Purple ndash 80 km

Orange ndash 300 km

Green - 221 km

Blue - 97 km

Yellow - 43 km


Expo ndash 350 km

Millennium - 253 km

Canada - 195 km


Red ndash 513 km

Blue - 488 km

Silver - 476 km

Orange - 425 km

Green - 371 km

Yellow - 243 km


24

Mixed Signals 2018


London

Boston

Chicago

Paris

New York City

Toronto

Montreal

Washington DC

Vancouver

Los Angeles

Houston

1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

101 (Paris 1900-1910)

41 (New York City 1930-1940)

1 (Toronto 1990-2000)


25

Mixed Signals 2018


0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

WashingtonDC



46 22 11 27 11 77 100 0km

26

Mixed Signals 2018


22

51

120

136

144

204

223

243












27

Mixed Signals 2018


0

05

1

15

2

25

3


Boston Houston

Mill

ion

s


28

Mixed Signals 2018


0

2

4

6

8

10

12


Mill

ion

s

29

Mixed Signals 2018




















30

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto TTC (2017)



31

Mixed Signals 2018

Boston MBTA (2017)



32

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago CTA (2017)



33

Mixed Signals 2018




34

Mixed Signals 2018





35

Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal STM (2016)



36

Mixed Signals 2018




37

Mixed Signals 2018




38

Mixed Signals 2018


41

129

208

333

398

415

696

558

460



Boston (MBTA 2016)

Chicago (CTA 2016)


Toronto (TTC 2017)


Montreal (STM 2016)



Other Revenue

304

Fares696

39

Mixed Signals 2018


40

759

792

503

525

550

304

511

602



Boston MBTA (2017)


Chicago CTA (2017)

Toronto TTC (2017)

Montreal STM (2016)


$1177

$884

$681

$538

$318

$210

$212

$478




857mtrips

$210per trip

$18bbudget

Mixed Signals 2018

$475

$412

$337

$273

$237 $229

$175

$090

$116

$169$186 $190 $196 $190

$230

$308

$374




553000000rides



41

Mixed Signals 2018


Gas and Fuel Taxes

Parking Tax

Dev Charges

TollsPaid

ParkingVehicle

Tax

Land Transfer

Tax

Toronto ◼ ◼

Boston ◼ ◼

Chicago ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston ◼ ◼

Los Angeles ◼ ◼

Montreal ◼



Recommended by









Mixed Signals 2018





















43

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto

City of Toronto



ParkingBike Share



Council

Wheel-TransBus

StreetcarSubway

Province of Ontario

Metrolinx




PRESTO fare card

FutureLRT

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




44


Mixed Signals 2018

Boston

City of Boston

BikeShare



11 citizen members


MA



Commuter Rail


MBTA Fiscal and

MgmtControl Board

5 members appointed

by Governor

of MA

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




MBTA Advisory



45

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago













Card






Commuter Rail


Mayor of Chicago

Cook County Board

Cook County Board

President


Board Chairs

Divvy Bike Share

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes

Illinois




Mixed Signals 2018

Houston

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



Texas




METRO Service Area

City of Houston


Court


Service Area

47


Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles





Go

vern

or

of

Cal

ifo

rnia

May

or

of

Los

An

gele

s


87 Member Cities

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Commuter Rail





Ora

nge

Co

un

ty

Riv

ers

ide

Co

un

ty

San

Be

rnar

din

o C

ou

nty

Ve

ntu

ra C

ou

nty

Los Angeles County

48


Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



OPUS Fare Card






Commuter Rail







Co

mm

un

auteacute

meacutet

rop

olit

ain

ed

e M

on

treacutea

l

Agg

lom

eacuterat

ion

de

Lon

gueu

il

Vill

e d

e La

val

No

rth

Sh

ore

Sou

th S

ho

re



49


Mixed Signals 2018


Vancouver

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Cit

y o

f V

anco

uve

r




Screening Panel


Mayorsrsquo Council



BC

Min

iste

r o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n

Gre

ater

Van

cou

ver

Gat

eway

Co

un

cil

Ch

arte

red

Acc

ou

nta

nts

of

BC

Van

cou

ver

Bo

ard

of

Trad

e

50

Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Capital Bikeshare

Arl

ingt

on

Co

un

ty V

A

Ale

xan

dri

a V

A

Fair

fax

Co

un

ty V

A

Mo

ntg

om

ery

Co

un

ty M

D





No

rth

ern

Vir

gin

ia T

ran

spo

rtat

ion

C

om

mis

sio

n (

Vir

gin

ia)

Was

hin

gto

n S

ub

urb

an T

ran

sit

Co

mm

issi

on

(M

aryl

and

)

Un

ited

Sta

tes

Secr

etar

y o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n



51

Mixed Signals 2018


Local Core CityCity

Region County

Province State

Federal Govt





paid

Toronto 100 ◼ ◼

Boston 0 ◼

Chicago 31 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston 56 ◼ ◼


Montreal 100 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Vancouver 5 ◼ ◼

Washington DC

25 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼



52

Mixed Signals 2018


2

2

3

1

6

6

4

5

5

7

13

9

8

6

9

8

5

6

5

7

Washington DC WMATA

Toronto TTC

Boston MBTA

Chicago CTA

Montreal RTM

Los Angeles Metro

Houston Metro

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Toronto Metrolinx

Gender

Me

n

Wo

me

n

0

0

0

1

3

2

4

5

2

4

17

11

10

10

11

9

10

10

7

3

Montreal RTM

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Boston MBTA

Toronto Metrolinx

Toronto TTC

Los Angeles Metro

Washington DC WMATA

Houston Metro

Chicago CTA


IncreasedBalance

Wh

ite

BIP

OC

53

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



54

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



55

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



56

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC


Map Attributions











57

Mixed Signals 2018

copy 2018 CodeRedTO




Mixed Signals 2018

Vancouver



796 km 53



SkyTrainBus

FerryCommuter Rail

472100789400

167009300


22

Commuter Rail

Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC







SubwayLight Rail

BusCommuter Rail

ParaTransit

7602003700

374600(est) 77000

(est) 8000


23


Mixed Signals 2018


Line 1 - 396 km

Line 2 - 275 km

Line 3 - 64 km

Line 4 - 55 km


Red ndash 330 km

Orange ndash 180 km

Blue - 95 km


Purple - 106 km

Green - 53 km


Red - 355 km

Green - 325 km

Orange - 200 km

Brown - 182 km

Pink - 170 km

Yellow - 80 km

Purple - 64 km


Gold - 501 km

Blue - 355 km

Green - 313 km

Expo - 245 km

Red - 236 km

Purple ndash 80 km

Orange ndash 300 km

Green - 221 km

Blue - 97 km

Yellow - 43 km


Expo ndash 350 km

Millennium - 253 km

Canada - 195 km


Red ndash 513 km

Blue - 488 km

Silver - 476 km

Orange - 425 km

Green - 371 km

Yellow - 243 km


24

Mixed Signals 2018


London

Boston

Chicago

Paris

New York City

Toronto

Montreal

Washington DC

Vancouver

Los Angeles

Houston

1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

101 (Paris 1900-1910)

41 (New York City 1930-1940)

1 (Toronto 1990-2000)


25

Mixed Signals 2018


0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

WashingtonDC



46 22 11 27 11 77 100 0km

26

Mixed Signals 2018


22

51

120

136

144

204

223

243












27

Mixed Signals 2018


0

05

1

15

2

25

3


Boston Houston

Mill

ion

s


28

Mixed Signals 2018


0

2

4

6

8

10

12


Mill

ion

s

29

Mixed Signals 2018




















30

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto TTC (2017)



31

Mixed Signals 2018

Boston MBTA (2017)



32

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago CTA (2017)



33

Mixed Signals 2018




34

Mixed Signals 2018





35

Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal STM (2016)



36

Mixed Signals 2018




37

Mixed Signals 2018




38

Mixed Signals 2018


41

129

208

333

398

415

696

558

460



Boston (MBTA 2016)

Chicago (CTA 2016)


Toronto (TTC 2017)


Montreal (STM 2016)



Other Revenue

304

Fares696

39

Mixed Signals 2018


40

759

792

503

525

550

304

511

602



Boston MBTA (2017)


Chicago CTA (2017)

Toronto TTC (2017)

Montreal STM (2016)


$1177

$884

$681

$538

$318

$210

$212

$478




857mtrips

$210per trip

$18bbudget

Mixed Signals 2018

$475

$412

$337

$273

$237 $229

$175

$090

$116

$169$186 $190 $196 $190

$230

$308

$374




553000000rides



41

Mixed Signals 2018


Gas and Fuel Taxes

Parking Tax

Dev Charges

TollsPaid

ParkingVehicle

Tax

Land Transfer

Tax

Toronto ◼ ◼

Boston ◼ ◼

Chicago ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston ◼ ◼

Los Angeles ◼ ◼

Montreal ◼



Recommended by









Mixed Signals 2018





















43

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto

City of Toronto



ParkingBike Share



Council

Wheel-TransBus

StreetcarSubway

Province of Ontario

Metrolinx




PRESTO fare card

FutureLRT

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




44


Mixed Signals 2018

Boston

City of Boston

BikeShare



11 citizen members


MA



Commuter Rail


MBTA Fiscal and

MgmtControl Board

5 members appointed

by Governor

of MA

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




MBTA Advisory



45

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago













Card






Commuter Rail


Mayor of Chicago

Cook County Board

Cook County Board

President


Board Chairs

Divvy Bike Share

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes

Illinois




Mixed Signals 2018

Houston

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



Texas




METRO Service Area

City of Houston


Court


Service Area

47


Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles





Go

vern

or

of

Cal

ifo

rnia

May

or

of

Los

An

gele

s


87 Member Cities

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Commuter Rail





Ora

nge

Co

un

ty

Riv

ers

ide

Co

un

ty

San

Be

rnar

din

o C

ou

nty

Ve

ntu

ra C

ou

nty

Los Angeles County

48


Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



OPUS Fare Card






Commuter Rail







Co

mm

un

auteacute

meacutet

rop

olit

ain

ed

e M

on

treacutea

l

Agg

lom

eacuterat

ion

de

Lon

gueu

il

Vill

e d

e La

val

No

rth

Sh

ore

Sou

th S

ho

re



49


Mixed Signals 2018


Vancouver

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Cit

y o

f V

anco

uve

r




Screening Panel


Mayorsrsquo Council



BC

Min

iste

r o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n

Gre

ater

Van

cou

ver

Gat

eway

Co

un

cil

Ch

arte

red

Acc

ou

nta

nts

of

BC

Van

cou

ver

Bo

ard

of

Trad

e

50

Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Capital Bikeshare

Arl

ingt

on

Co

un

ty V

A

Ale

xan

dri

a V

A

Fair

fax

Co

un

ty V

A

Mo

ntg

om

ery

Co

un

ty M

D





No

rth

ern

Vir

gin

ia T

ran

spo

rtat

ion

C

om

mis

sio

n (

Vir

gin

ia)

Was

hin

gto

n S

ub

urb

an T

ran

sit

Co

mm

issi

on

(M

aryl

and

)

Un

ited

Sta

tes

Secr

etar

y o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n



51

Mixed Signals 2018


Local Core CityCity

Region County

Province State

Federal Govt





paid

Toronto 100 ◼ ◼

Boston 0 ◼

Chicago 31 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston 56 ◼ ◼


Montreal 100 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Vancouver 5 ◼ ◼

Washington DC

25 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼



52

Mixed Signals 2018


2

2

3

1

6

6

4

5

5

7

13

9

8

6

9

8

5

6

5

7

Washington DC WMATA

Toronto TTC

Boston MBTA

Chicago CTA

Montreal RTM

Los Angeles Metro

Houston Metro

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Toronto Metrolinx

Gender

Me

n

Wo

me

n

0

0

0

1

3

2

4

5

2

4

17

11

10

10

11

9

10

10

7

3

Montreal RTM

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Boston MBTA

Toronto Metrolinx

Toronto TTC

Los Angeles Metro

Washington DC WMATA

Houston Metro

Chicago CTA


IncreasedBalance

Wh

ite

BIP

OC

53

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



54

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



55

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



56

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC


Map Attributions











57

Mixed Signals 2018

copy 2018 CodeRedTO




Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC







SubwayLight Rail

BusCommuter Rail

ParaTransit

7602003700

374600(est) 77000

(est) 8000


23


Mixed Signals 2018


Line 1 - 396 km

Line 2 - 275 km

Line 3 - 64 km

Line 4 - 55 km


Red ndash 330 km

Orange ndash 180 km

Blue - 95 km


Purple - 106 km

Green - 53 km


Red - 355 km

Green - 325 km

Orange - 200 km

Brown - 182 km

Pink - 170 km

Yellow - 80 km

Purple - 64 km


Gold - 501 km

Blue - 355 km

Green - 313 km

Expo - 245 km

Red - 236 km

Purple ndash 80 km

Orange ndash 300 km

Green - 221 km

Blue - 97 km

Yellow - 43 km


Expo ndash 350 km

Millennium - 253 km

Canada - 195 km


Red ndash 513 km

Blue - 488 km

Silver - 476 km

Orange - 425 km

Green - 371 km

Yellow - 243 km


24

Mixed Signals 2018


London

Boston

Chicago

Paris

New York City

Toronto

Montreal

Washington DC

Vancouver

Los Angeles

Houston

1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

101 (Paris 1900-1910)

41 (New York City 1930-1940)

1 (Toronto 1990-2000)


25

Mixed Signals 2018


0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

WashingtonDC



46 22 11 27 11 77 100 0km

26

Mixed Signals 2018


22

51

120

136

144

204

223

243












27

Mixed Signals 2018


0

05

1

15

2

25

3


Boston Houston

Mill

ion

s


28

Mixed Signals 2018


0

2

4

6

8

10

12


Mill

ion

s

29

Mixed Signals 2018




















30

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto TTC (2017)



31

Mixed Signals 2018

Boston MBTA (2017)



32

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago CTA (2017)



33

Mixed Signals 2018




34

Mixed Signals 2018





35

Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal STM (2016)



36

Mixed Signals 2018




37

Mixed Signals 2018




38

Mixed Signals 2018


41

129

208

333

398

415

696

558

460



Boston (MBTA 2016)

Chicago (CTA 2016)


Toronto (TTC 2017)


Montreal (STM 2016)



Other Revenue

304

Fares696

39

Mixed Signals 2018


40

759

792

503

525

550

304

511

602



Boston MBTA (2017)


Chicago CTA (2017)

Toronto TTC (2017)

Montreal STM (2016)


$1177

$884

$681

$538

$318

$210

$212

$478




857mtrips

$210per trip

$18bbudget

Mixed Signals 2018

$475

$412

$337

$273

$237 $229

$175

$090

$116

$169$186 $190 $196 $190

$230

$308

$374




553000000rides



41

Mixed Signals 2018


Gas and Fuel Taxes

Parking Tax

Dev Charges

TollsPaid

ParkingVehicle

Tax

Land Transfer

Tax

Toronto ◼ ◼

Boston ◼ ◼

Chicago ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston ◼ ◼

Los Angeles ◼ ◼

Montreal ◼



Recommended by









Mixed Signals 2018





















43

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto

City of Toronto



ParkingBike Share



Council

Wheel-TransBus

StreetcarSubway

Province of Ontario

Metrolinx




PRESTO fare card

FutureLRT

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




44


Mixed Signals 2018

Boston

City of Boston

BikeShare



11 citizen members


MA



Commuter Rail


MBTA Fiscal and

MgmtControl Board

5 members appointed

by Governor

of MA

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




MBTA Advisory



45

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago













Card






Commuter Rail


Mayor of Chicago

Cook County Board

Cook County Board

President


Board Chairs

Divvy Bike Share

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes

Illinois




Mixed Signals 2018

Houston

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



Texas




METRO Service Area

City of Houston


Court


Service Area

47


Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles





Go

vern

or

of

Cal

ifo

rnia

May

or

of

Los

An

gele

s


87 Member Cities

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Commuter Rail





Ora

nge

Co

un

ty

Riv

ers

ide

Co

un

ty

San

Be

rnar

din

o C

ou

nty

Ve

ntu

ra C

ou

nty

Los Angeles County

48


Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



OPUS Fare Card






Commuter Rail







Co

mm

un

auteacute

meacutet

rop

olit

ain

ed

e M

on

treacutea

l

Agg

lom

eacuterat

ion

de

Lon

gueu

il

Vill

e d

e La

val

No

rth

Sh

ore

Sou

th S

ho

re



49


Mixed Signals 2018


Vancouver

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Cit

y o

f V

anco

uve

r




Screening Panel


Mayorsrsquo Council



BC

Min

iste

r o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n

Gre

ater

Van

cou

ver

Gat

eway

Co

un

cil

Ch

arte

red

Acc

ou

nta

nts

of

BC

Van

cou

ver

Bo

ard

of

Trad

e

50

Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Capital Bikeshare

Arl

ingt

on

Co

un

ty V

A

Ale

xan

dri

a V

A

Fair

fax

Co

un

ty V

A

Mo

ntg

om

ery

Co

un

ty M

D





No

rth

ern

Vir

gin

ia T

ran

spo

rtat

ion

C

om

mis

sio

n (

Vir

gin

ia)

Was

hin

gto

n S

ub

urb

an T

ran

sit

Co

mm

issi

on

(M

aryl

and

)

Un

ited

Sta

tes

Secr

etar

y o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n



51

Mixed Signals 2018


Local Core CityCity

Region County

Province State

Federal Govt





paid

Toronto 100 ◼ ◼

Boston 0 ◼

Chicago 31 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston 56 ◼ ◼


Montreal 100 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Vancouver 5 ◼ ◼

Washington DC

25 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼



52

Mixed Signals 2018


2

2

3

1

6

6

4

5

5

7

13

9

8

6

9

8

5

6

5

7

Washington DC WMATA

Toronto TTC

Boston MBTA

Chicago CTA

Montreal RTM

Los Angeles Metro

Houston Metro

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Toronto Metrolinx

Gender

Me

n

Wo

me

n

0

0

0

1

3

2

4

5

2

4

17

11

10

10

11

9

10

10

7

3

Montreal RTM

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Boston MBTA

Toronto Metrolinx

Toronto TTC

Los Angeles Metro

Washington DC WMATA

Houston Metro

Chicago CTA


IncreasedBalance

Wh

ite

BIP

OC

53

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



54

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



55

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



56

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC


Map Attributions











57

Mixed Signals 2018

copy 2018 CodeRedTO




Mixed Signals 2018


Line 1 - 396 km

Line 2 - 275 km

Line 3 - 64 km

Line 4 - 55 km


Red ndash 330 km

Orange ndash 180 km

Blue - 95 km


Purple - 106 km

Green - 53 km


Red - 355 km

Green - 325 km

Orange - 200 km

Brown - 182 km

Pink - 170 km

Yellow - 80 km

Purple - 64 km


Gold - 501 km

Blue - 355 km

Green - 313 km

Expo - 245 km

Red - 236 km

Purple ndash 80 km

Orange ndash 300 km

Green - 221 km

Blue - 97 km

Yellow - 43 km


Expo ndash 350 km

Millennium - 253 km

Canada - 195 km


Red ndash 513 km

Blue - 488 km

Silver - 476 km

Orange - 425 km

Green - 371 km

Yellow - 243 km


24

Mixed Signals 2018


London

Boston

Chicago

Paris

New York City

Toronto

Montreal

Washington DC

Vancouver

Los Angeles

Houston

1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

101 (Paris 1900-1910)

41 (New York City 1930-1940)

1 (Toronto 1990-2000)


25

Mixed Signals 2018


0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

WashingtonDC



46 22 11 27 11 77 100 0km

26

Mixed Signals 2018


22

51

120

136

144

204

223

243












27

Mixed Signals 2018


0

05

1

15

2

25

3


Boston Houston

Mill

ion

s


28

Mixed Signals 2018


0

2

4

6

8

10

12


Mill

ion

s

29

Mixed Signals 2018




















30

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto TTC (2017)



31

Mixed Signals 2018

Boston MBTA (2017)



32

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago CTA (2017)



33

Mixed Signals 2018




34

Mixed Signals 2018





35

Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal STM (2016)



36

Mixed Signals 2018




37

Mixed Signals 2018




38

Mixed Signals 2018


41

129

208

333

398

415

696

558

460



Boston (MBTA 2016)

Chicago (CTA 2016)


Toronto (TTC 2017)


Montreal (STM 2016)



Other Revenue

304

Fares696

39

Mixed Signals 2018


40

759

792

503

525

550

304

511

602



Boston MBTA (2017)


Chicago CTA (2017)

Toronto TTC (2017)

Montreal STM (2016)


$1177

$884

$681

$538

$318

$210

$212

$478




857mtrips

$210per trip

$18bbudget

Mixed Signals 2018

$475

$412

$337

$273

$237 $229

$175

$090

$116

$169$186 $190 $196 $190

$230

$308

$374




553000000rides



41

Mixed Signals 2018


Gas and Fuel Taxes

Parking Tax

Dev Charges

TollsPaid

ParkingVehicle

Tax

Land Transfer

Tax

Toronto ◼ ◼

Boston ◼ ◼

Chicago ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston ◼ ◼

Los Angeles ◼ ◼

Montreal ◼



Recommended by









Mixed Signals 2018





















43

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto

City of Toronto



ParkingBike Share



Council

Wheel-TransBus

StreetcarSubway

Province of Ontario

Metrolinx




PRESTO fare card

FutureLRT

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




44


Mixed Signals 2018

Boston

City of Boston

BikeShare



11 citizen members


MA



Commuter Rail


MBTA Fiscal and

MgmtControl Board

5 members appointed

by Governor

of MA

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




MBTA Advisory



45

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago













Card






Commuter Rail


Mayor of Chicago

Cook County Board

Cook County Board

President


Board Chairs

Divvy Bike Share

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes

Illinois




Mixed Signals 2018

Houston

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



Texas




METRO Service Area

City of Houston


Court


Service Area

47


Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles





Go

vern

or

of

Cal

ifo

rnia

May

or

of

Los

An

gele

s


87 Member Cities

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Commuter Rail





Ora

nge

Co

un

ty

Riv

ers

ide

Co

un

ty

San

Be

rnar

din

o C

ou

nty

Ve

ntu

ra C

ou

nty

Los Angeles County

48


Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



OPUS Fare Card






Commuter Rail







Co

mm

un

auteacute

meacutet

rop

olit

ain

ed

e M

on

treacutea

l

Agg

lom

eacuterat

ion

de

Lon

gueu

il

Vill

e d

e La

val

No

rth

Sh

ore

Sou

th S

ho

re



49


Mixed Signals 2018


Vancouver

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Cit

y o

f V

anco

uve

r




Screening Panel


Mayorsrsquo Council



BC

Min

iste

r o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n

Gre

ater

Van

cou

ver

Gat

eway

Co

un

cil

Ch

arte

red

Acc

ou

nta

nts

of

BC

Van

cou

ver

Bo

ard

of

Trad

e

50

Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Capital Bikeshare

Arl

ingt

on

Co

un

ty V

A

Ale

xan

dri

a V

A

Fair

fax

Co

un

ty V

A

Mo

ntg

om

ery

Co

un

ty M

D





No

rth

ern

Vir

gin

ia T

ran

spo

rtat

ion

C

om

mis

sio

n (

Vir

gin

ia)

Was

hin

gto

n S

ub

urb

an T

ran

sit

Co

mm

issi

on

(M

aryl

and

)

Un

ited

Sta

tes

Secr

etar

y o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n



51

Mixed Signals 2018


Local Core CityCity

Region County

Province State

Federal Govt





paid

Toronto 100 ◼ ◼

Boston 0 ◼

Chicago 31 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston 56 ◼ ◼


Montreal 100 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Vancouver 5 ◼ ◼

Washington DC

25 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼



52

Mixed Signals 2018


2

2

3

1

6

6

4

5

5

7

13

9

8

6

9

8

5

6

5

7

Washington DC WMATA

Toronto TTC

Boston MBTA

Chicago CTA

Montreal RTM

Los Angeles Metro

Houston Metro

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Toronto Metrolinx

Gender

Me

n

Wo

me

n

0

0

0

1

3

2

4

5

2

4

17

11

10

10

11

9

10

10

7

3

Montreal RTM

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Boston MBTA

Toronto Metrolinx

Toronto TTC

Los Angeles Metro

Washington DC WMATA

Houston Metro

Chicago CTA


IncreasedBalance

Wh

ite

BIP

OC

53

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



54

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



55

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



56

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC


Map Attributions











57

Mixed Signals 2018

copy 2018 CodeRedTO




Mixed Signals 2018


London

Boston

Chicago

Paris

New York City

Toronto

Montreal

Washington DC

Vancouver

Los Angeles

Houston

1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

101 (Paris 1900-1910)

41 (New York City 1930-1940)

1 (Toronto 1990-2000)


25

Mixed Signals 2018


0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

WashingtonDC



46 22 11 27 11 77 100 0km

26

Mixed Signals 2018


22

51

120

136

144

204

223

243












27

Mixed Signals 2018


0

05

1

15

2

25

3


Boston Houston

Mill

ion

s


28

Mixed Signals 2018


0

2

4

6

8

10

12


Mill

ion

s

29

Mixed Signals 2018




















30

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto TTC (2017)



31

Mixed Signals 2018

Boston MBTA (2017)



32

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago CTA (2017)



33

Mixed Signals 2018




34

Mixed Signals 2018





35

Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal STM (2016)



36

Mixed Signals 2018




37

Mixed Signals 2018




38

Mixed Signals 2018


41

129

208

333

398

415

696

558

460



Boston (MBTA 2016)

Chicago (CTA 2016)


Toronto (TTC 2017)


Montreal (STM 2016)



Other Revenue

304

Fares696

39

Mixed Signals 2018


40

759

792

503

525

550

304

511

602



Boston MBTA (2017)


Chicago CTA (2017)

Toronto TTC (2017)

Montreal STM (2016)


$1177

$884

$681

$538

$318

$210

$212

$478




857mtrips

$210per trip

$18bbudget

Mixed Signals 2018

$475

$412

$337

$273

$237 $229

$175

$090

$116

$169$186 $190 $196 $190

$230

$308

$374




553000000rides



41

Mixed Signals 2018


Gas and Fuel Taxes

Parking Tax

Dev Charges

TollsPaid

ParkingVehicle

Tax

Land Transfer

Tax

Toronto ◼ ◼

Boston ◼ ◼

Chicago ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston ◼ ◼

Los Angeles ◼ ◼

Montreal ◼



Recommended by









Mixed Signals 2018





















43

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto

City of Toronto



ParkingBike Share



Council

Wheel-TransBus

StreetcarSubway

Province of Ontario

Metrolinx




PRESTO fare card

FutureLRT

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




44


Mixed Signals 2018

Boston

City of Boston

BikeShare



11 citizen members


MA



Commuter Rail


MBTA Fiscal and

MgmtControl Board

5 members appointed

by Governor

of MA

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




MBTA Advisory



45

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago













Card






Commuter Rail


Mayor of Chicago

Cook County Board

Cook County Board

President


Board Chairs

Divvy Bike Share

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes

Illinois




Mixed Signals 2018

Houston

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



Texas




METRO Service Area

City of Houston


Court


Service Area

47


Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles





Go

vern

or

of

Cal

ifo

rnia

May

or

of

Los

An

gele

s


87 Member Cities

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Commuter Rail





Ora

nge

Co

un

ty

Riv

ers

ide

Co

un

ty

San

Be

rnar

din

o C

ou

nty

Ve

ntu

ra C

ou

nty

Los Angeles County

48


Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



OPUS Fare Card






Commuter Rail







Co

mm

un

auteacute

meacutet

rop

olit

ain

ed

e M

on

treacutea

l

Agg

lom

eacuterat

ion

de

Lon

gueu

il

Vill

e d

e La

val

No

rth

Sh

ore

Sou

th S

ho

re



49


Mixed Signals 2018


Vancouver

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Cit

y o

f V

anco

uve

r




Screening Panel


Mayorsrsquo Council



BC

Min

iste

r o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n

Gre

ater

Van

cou

ver

Gat

eway

Co

un

cil

Ch

arte

red

Acc

ou

nta

nts

of

BC

Van

cou

ver

Bo

ard

of

Trad

e

50

Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Capital Bikeshare

Arl

ingt

on

Co

un

ty V

A

Ale

xan

dri

a V

A

Fair

fax

Co

un

ty V

A

Mo

ntg

om

ery

Co

un

ty M

D





No

rth

ern

Vir

gin

ia T

ran

spo

rtat

ion

C

om

mis

sio

n (

Vir

gin

ia)

Was

hin

gto

n S

ub

urb

an T

ran

sit

Co

mm

issi

on

(M

aryl

and

)

Un

ited

Sta

tes

Secr

etar

y o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n



51

Mixed Signals 2018


Local Core CityCity

Region County

Province State

Federal Govt





paid

Toronto 100 ◼ ◼

Boston 0 ◼

Chicago 31 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston 56 ◼ ◼


Montreal 100 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Vancouver 5 ◼ ◼

Washington DC

25 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼



52

Mixed Signals 2018


2

2

3

1

6

6

4

5

5

7

13

9

8

6

9

8

5

6

5

7

Washington DC WMATA

Toronto TTC

Boston MBTA

Chicago CTA

Montreal RTM

Los Angeles Metro

Houston Metro

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Toronto Metrolinx

Gender

Me

n

Wo

me

n

0

0

0

1

3

2

4

5

2

4

17

11

10

10

11

9

10

10

7

3

Montreal RTM

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Boston MBTA

Toronto Metrolinx

Toronto TTC

Los Angeles Metro

Washington DC WMATA

Houston Metro

Chicago CTA


IncreasedBalance

Wh

ite

BIP

OC

53

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



54

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



55

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



56

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC


Map Attributions











57

Mixed Signals 2018

copy 2018 CodeRedTO




Mixed Signals 2018


0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

WashingtonDC



46 22 11 27 11 77 100 0km

26

Mixed Signals 2018


22

51

120

136

144

204

223

243












27

Mixed Signals 2018


0

05

1

15

2

25

3


Boston Houston

Mill

ion

s


28

Mixed Signals 2018


0

2

4

6

8

10

12


Mill

ion

s

29

Mixed Signals 2018




















30

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto TTC (2017)



31

Mixed Signals 2018

Boston MBTA (2017)



32

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago CTA (2017)



33

Mixed Signals 2018




34

Mixed Signals 2018





35

Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal STM (2016)



36

Mixed Signals 2018




37

Mixed Signals 2018




38

Mixed Signals 2018


41

129

208

333

398

415

696

558

460



Boston (MBTA 2016)

Chicago (CTA 2016)


Toronto (TTC 2017)


Montreal (STM 2016)



Other Revenue

304

Fares696

39

Mixed Signals 2018


40

759

792

503

525

550

304

511

602



Boston MBTA (2017)


Chicago CTA (2017)

Toronto TTC (2017)

Montreal STM (2016)


$1177

$884

$681

$538

$318

$210

$212

$478




857mtrips

$210per trip

$18bbudget

Mixed Signals 2018

$475

$412

$337

$273

$237 $229

$175

$090

$116

$169$186 $190 $196 $190

$230

$308

$374




553000000rides



41

Mixed Signals 2018


Gas and Fuel Taxes

Parking Tax

Dev Charges

TollsPaid

ParkingVehicle

Tax

Land Transfer

Tax

Toronto ◼ ◼

Boston ◼ ◼

Chicago ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston ◼ ◼

Los Angeles ◼ ◼

Montreal ◼



Recommended by









Mixed Signals 2018





















43

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto

City of Toronto



ParkingBike Share



Council

Wheel-TransBus

StreetcarSubway

Province of Ontario

Metrolinx




PRESTO fare card

FutureLRT

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




44


Mixed Signals 2018

Boston

City of Boston

BikeShare



11 citizen members


MA



Commuter Rail


MBTA Fiscal and

MgmtControl Board

5 members appointed

by Governor

of MA

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




MBTA Advisory



45

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago













Card






Commuter Rail


Mayor of Chicago

Cook County Board

Cook County Board

President


Board Chairs

Divvy Bike Share

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes

Illinois




Mixed Signals 2018

Houston

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



Texas




METRO Service Area

City of Houston


Court


Service Area

47


Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles





Go

vern

or

of

Cal

ifo

rnia

May

or

of

Los

An

gele

s


87 Member Cities

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Commuter Rail





Ora

nge

Co

un

ty

Riv

ers

ide

Co

un

ty

San

Be

rnar

din

o C

ou

nty

Ve

ntu

ra C

ou

nty

Los Angeles County

48


Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



OPUS Fare Card






Commuter Rail







Co

mm

un

auteacute

meacutet

rop

olit

ain

ed

e M

on

treacutea

l

Agg

lom

eacuterat

ion

de

Lon

gueu

il

Vill

e d

e La

val

No

rth

Sh

ore

Sou

th S

ho

re



49


Mixed Signals 2018


Vancouver

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Cit

y o

f V

anco

uve

r




Screening Panel


Mayorsrsquo Council



BC

Min

iste

r o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n

Gre

ater

Van

cou

ver

Gat

eway

Co

un

cil

Ch

arte

red

Acc

ou

nta

nts

of

BC

Van

cou

ver

Bo

ard

of

Trad

e

50

Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Capital Bikeshare

Arl

ingt

on

Co

un

ty V

A

Ale

xan

dri

a V

A

Fair

fax

Co

un

ty V

A

Mo

ntg

om

ery

Co

un

ty M

D





No

rth

ern

Vir

gin

ia T

ran

spo

rtat

ion

C

om

mis

sio

n (

Vir

gin

ia)

Was

hin

gto

n S

ub

urb

an T

ran

sit

Co

mm

issi

on

(M

aryl

and

)

Un

ited

Sta

tes

Secr

etar

y o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n



51

Mixed Signals 2018


Local Core CityCity

Region County

Province State

Federal Govt





paid

Toronto 100 ◼ ◼

Boston 0 ◼

Chicago 31 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston 56 ◼ ◼


Montreal 100 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Vancouver 5 ◼ ◼

Washington DC

25 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼



52

Mixed Signals 2018


2

2

3

1

6

6

4

5

5

7

13

9

8

6

9

8

5

6

5

7

Washington DC WMATA

Toronto TTC

Boston MBTA

Chicago CTA

Montreal RTM

Los Angeles Metro

Houston Metro

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Toronto Metrolinx

Gender

Me

n

Wo

me

n

0

0

0

1

3

2

4

5

2

4

17

11

10

10

11

9

10

10

7

3

Montreal RTM

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Boston MBTA

Toronto Metrolinx

Toronto TTC

Los Angeles Metro

Washington DC WMATA

Houston Metro

Chicago CTA


IncreasedBalance

Wh

ite

BIP

OC

53

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



54

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



55

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



56

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC


Map Attributions











57

Mixed Signals 2018

copy 2018 CodeRedTO




Mixed Signals 2018


22

51

120

136

144

204

223

243












27

Mixed Signals 2018


0

05

1

15

2

25

3


Boston Houston

Mill

ion

s


28

Mixed Signals 2018


0

2

4

6

8

10

12


Mill

ion

s

29

Mixed Signals 2018




















30

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto TTC (2017)



31

Mixed Signals 2018

Boston MBTA (2017)



32

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago CTA (2017)



33

Mixed Signals 2018




34

Mixed Signals 2018





35

Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal STM (2016)



36

Mixed Signals 2018




37

Mixed Signals 2018




38

Mixed Signals 2018


41

129

208

333

398

415

696

558

460



Boston (MBTA 2016)

Chicago (CTA 2016)


Toronto (TTC 2017)


Montreal (STM 2016)



Other Revenue

304

Fares696

39

Mixed Signals 2018


40

759

792

503

525

550

304

511

602



Boston MBTA (2017)


Chicago CTA (2017)

Toronto TTC (2017)

Montreal STM (2016)


$1177

$884

$681

$538

$318

$210

$212

$478




857mtrips

$210per trip

$18bbudget

Mixed Signals 2018

$475

$412

$337

$273

$237 $229

$175

$090

$116

$169$186 $190 $196 $190

$230

$308

$374




553000000rides



41

Mixed Signals 2018


Gas and Fuel Taxes

Parking Tax

Dev Charges

TollsPaid

ParkingVehicle

Tax

Land Transfer

Tax

Toronto ◼ ◼

Boston ◼ ◼

Chicago ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston ◼ ◼

Los Angeles ◼ ◼

Montreal ◼



Recommended by









Mixed Signals 2018





















43

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto

City of Toronto



ParkingBike Share



Council

Wheel-TransBus

StreetcarSubway

Province of Ontario

Metrolinx




PRESTO fare card

FutureLRT

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




44


Mixed Signals 2018

Boston

City of Boston

BikeShare



11 citizen members


MA



Commuter Rail


MBTA Fiscal and

MgmtControl Board

5 members appointed

by Governor

of MA

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




MBTA Advisory



45

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago













Card






Commuter Rail


Mayor of Chicago

Cook County Board

Cook County Board

President


Board Chairs

Divvy Bike Share

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes

Illinois




Mixed Signals 2018

Houston

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



Texas




METRO Service Area

City of Houston


Court


Service Area

47


Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles





Go

vern

or

of

Cal

ifo

rnia

May

or

of

Los

An

gele

s


87 Member Cities

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Commuter Rail





Ora

nge

Co

un

ty

Riv

ers

ide

Co

un

ty

San

Be

rnar

din

o C

ou

nty

Ve

ntu

ra C

ou

nty

Los Angeles County

48


Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



OPUS Fare Card






Commuter Rail







Co

mm

un

auteacute

meacutet

rop

olit

ain

ed

e M

on

treacutea

l

Agg

lom

eacuterat

ion

de

Lon

gueu

il

Vill

e d

e La

val

No

rth

Sh

ore

Sou

th S

ho

re



49


Mixed Signals 2018


Vancouver

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Cit

y o

f V

anco

uve

r




Screening Panel


Mayorsrsquo Council



BC

Min

iste

r o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n

Gre

ater

Van

cou

ver

Gat

eway

Co

un

cil

Ch

arte

red

Acc

ou

nta

nts

of

BC

Van

cou

ver

Bo

ard

of

Trad

e

50

Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Capital Bikeshare

Arl

ingt

on

Co

un

ty V

A

Ale

xan

dri

a V

A

Fair

fax

Co

un

ty V

A

Mo

ntg

om

ery

Co

un

ty M

D





No

rth

ern

Vir

gin

ia T

ran

spo

rtat

ion

C

om

mis

sio

n (

Vir

gin

ia)

Was

hin

gto

n S

ub

urb

an T

ran

sit

Co

mm

issi

on

(M

aryl

and

)

Un

ited

Sta

tes

Secr

etar

y o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n



51

Mixed Signals 2018


Local Core CityCity

Region County

Province State

Federal Govt





paid

Toronto 100 ◼ ◼

Boston 0 ◼

Chicago 31 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston 56 ◼ ◼


Montreal 100 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Vancouver 5 ◼ ◼

Washington DC

25 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼



52

Mixed Signals 2018


2

2

3

1

6

6

4

5

5

7

13

9

8

6

9

8

5

6

5

7

Washington DC WMATA

Toronto TTC

Boston MBTA

Chicago CTA

Montreal RTM

Los Angeles Metro

Houston Metro

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Toronto Metrolinx

Gender

Me

n

Wo

me

n

0

0

0

1

3

2

4

5

2

4

17

11

10

10

11

9

10

10

7

3

Montreal RTM

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Boston MBTA

Toronto Metrolinx

Toronto TTC

Los Angeles Metro

Washington DC WMATA

Houston Metro

Chicago CTA


IncreasedBalance

Wh

ite

BIP

OC

53

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



54

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



55

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



56

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC


Map Attributions











57

Mixed Signals 2018

copy 2018 CodeRedTO




Mixed Signals 2018


0

05

1

15

2

25

3


Boston Houston

Mill

ion

s


28

Mixed Signals 2018


0

2

4

6

8

10

12


Mill

ion

s

29

Mixed Signals 2018




















30

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto TTC (2017)



31

Mixed Signals 2018

Boston MBTA (2017)



32

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago CTA (2017)



33

Mixed Signals 2018




34

Mixed Signals 2018





35

Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal STM (2016)



36

Mixed Signals 2018




37

Mixed Signals 2018




38

Mixed Signals 2018


41

129

208

333

398

415

696

558

460



Boston (MBTA 2016)

Chicago (CTA 2016)


Toronto (TTC 2017)


Montreal (STM 2016)



Other Revenue

304

Fares696

39

Mixed Signals 2018


40

759

792

503

525

550

304

511

602



Boston MBTA (2017)


Chicago CTA (2017)

Toronto TTC (2017)

Montreal STM (2016)


$1177

$884

$681

$538

$318

$210

$212

$478




857mtrips

$210per trip

$18bbudget

Mixed Signals 2018

$475

$412

$337

$273

$237 $229

$175

$090

$116

$169$186 $190 $196 $190

$230

$308

$374




553000000rides



41

Mixed Signals 2018


Gas and Fuel Taxes

Parking Tax

Dev Charges

TollsPaid

ParkingVehicle

Tax

Land Transfer

Tax

Toronto ◼ ◼

Boston ◼ ◼

Chicago ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston ◼ ◼

Los Angeles ◼ ◼

Montreal ◼



Recommended by









Mixed Signals 2018





















43

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto

City of Toronto



ParkingBike Share



Council

Wheel-TransBus

StreetcarSubway

Province of Ontario

Metrolinx




PRESTO fare card

FutureLRT

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




44


Mixed Signals 2018

Boston

City of Boston

BikeShare



11 citizen members


MA



Commuter Rail


MBTA Fiscal and

MgmtControl Board

5 members appointed

by Governor

of MA

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




MBTA Advisory



45

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago













Card






Commuter Rail


Mayor of Chicago

Cook County Board

Cook County Board

President


Board Chairs

Divvy Bike Share

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes

Illinois




Mixed Signals 2018

Houston

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



Texas




METRO Service Area

City of Houston


Court


Service Area

47


Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles





Go

vern

or

of

Cal

ifo

rnia

May

or

of

Los

An

gele

s


87 Member Cities

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Commuter Rail





Ora

nge

Co

un

ty

Riv

ers

ide

Co

un

ty

San

Be

rnar

din

o C

ou

nty

Ve

ntu

ra C

ou

nty

Los Angeles County

48


Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



OPUS Fare Card






Commuter Rail







Co

mm

un

auteacute

meacutet

rop

olit

ain

ed

e M

on

treacutea

l

Agg

lom

eacuterat

ion

de

Lon

gueu

il

Vill

e d

e La

val

No

rth

Sh

ore

Sou

th S

ho

re



49


Mixed Signals 2018


Vancouver

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Cit

y o

f V

anco

uve

r




Screening Panel


Mayorsrsquo Council



BC

Min

iste

r o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n

Gre

ater

Van

cou

ver

Gat

eway

Co

un

cil

Ch

arte

red

Acc

ou

nta

nts

of

BC

Van

cou

ver

Bo

ard

of

Trad

e

50

Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Capital Bikeshare

Arl

ingt

on

Co

un

ty V

A

Ale

xan

dri

a V

A

Fair

fax

Co

un

ty V

A

Mo

ntg

om

ery

Co

un

ty M

D





No

rth

ern

Vir

gin

ia T

ran

spo

rtat

ion

C

om

mis

sio

n (

Vir

gin

ia)

Was

hin

gto

n S

ub

urb

an T

ran

sit

Co

mm

issi

on

(M

aryl

and

)

Un

ited

Sta

tes

Secr

etar

y o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n



51

Mixed Signals 2018


Local Core CityCity

Region County

Province State

Federal Govt





paid

Toronto 100 ◼ ◼

Boston 0 ◼

Chicago 31 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston 56 ◼ ◼


Montreal 100 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Vancouver 5 ◼ ◼

Washington DC

25 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼



52

Mixed Signals 2018


2

2

3

1

6

6

4

5

5

7

13

9

8

6

9

8

5

6

5

7

Washington DC WMATA

Toronto TTC

Boston MBTA

Chicago CTA

Montreal RTM

Los Angeles Metro

Houston Metro

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Toronto Metrolinx

Gender

Me

n

Wo

me

n

0

0

0

1

3

2

4

5

2

4

17

11

10

10

11

9

10

10

7

3

Montreal RTM

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Boston MBTA

Toronto Metrolinx

Toronto TTC

Los Angeles Metro

Washington DC WMATA

Houston Metro

Chicago CTA


IncreasedBalance

Wh

ite

BIP

OC

53

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



54

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



55

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



56

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC


Map Attributions











57

Mixed Signals 2018

copy 2018 CodeRedTO




Mixed Signals 2018


0

2

4

6

8

10

12


Mill

ion

s

29

Mixed Signals 2018




















30

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto TTC (2017)



31

Mixed Signals 2018

Boston MBTA (2017)



32

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago CTA (2017)



33

Mixed Signals 2018




34

Mixed Signals 2018





35

Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal STM (2016)



36

Mixed Signals 2018




37

Mixed Signals 2018




38

Mixed Signals 2018


41

129

208

333

398

415

696

558

460



Boston (MBTA 2016)

Chicago (CTA 2016)


Toronto (TTC 2017)


Montreal (STM 2016)



Other Revenue

304

Fares696

39

Mixed Signals 2018


40

759

792

503

525

550

304

511

602



Boston MBTA (2017)


Chicago CTA (2017)

Toronto TTC (2017)

Montreal STM (2016)


$1177

$884

$681

$538

$318

$210

$212

$478




857mtrips

$210per trip

$18bbudget

Mixed Signals 2018

$475

$412

$337

$273

$237 $229

$175

$090

$116

$169$186 $190 $196 $190

$230

$308

$374




553000000rides



41

Mixed Signals 2018


Gas and Fuel Taxes

Parking Tax

Dev Charges

TollsPaid

ParkingVehicle

Tax

Land Transfer

Tax

Toronto ◼ ◼

Boston ◼ ◼

Chicago ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston ◼ ◼

Los Angeles ◼ ◼

Montreal ◼



Recommended by









Mixed Signals 2018





















43

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto

City of Toronto



ParkingBike Share



Council

Wheel-TransBus

StreetcarSubway

Province of Ontario

Metrolinx




PRESTO fare card

FutureLRT

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




44


Mixed Signals 2018

Boston

City of Boston

BikeShare



11 citizen members


MA



Commuter Rail


MBTA Fiscal and

MgmtControl Board

5 members appointed

by Governor

of MA

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




MBTA Advisory



45

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago













Card






Commuter Rail


Mayor of Chicago

Cook County Board

Cook County Board

President


Board Chairs

Divvy Bike Share

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes

Illinois




Mixed Signals 2018

Houston

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



Texas




METRO Service Area

City of Houston


Court


Service Area

47


Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles





Go

vern

or

of

Cal

ifo

rnia

May

or

of

Los

An

gele

s


87 Member Cities

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Commuter Rail





Ora

nge

Co

un

ty

Riv

ers

ide

Co

un

ty

San

Be

rnar

din

o C

ou

nty

Ve

ntu

ra C

ou

nty

Los Angeles County

48


Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



OPUS Fare Card






Commuter Rail







Co

mm

un

auteacute

meacutet

rop

olit

ain

ed

e M

on

treacutea

l

Agg

lom

eacuterat

ion

de

Lon

gueu

il

Vill

e d

e La

val

No

rth

Sh

ore

Sou

th S

ho

re



49


Mixed Signals 2018


Vancouver

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Cit

y o

f V

anco

uve

r




Screening Panel


Mayorsrsquo Council



BC

Min

iste

r o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n

Gre

ater

Van

cou

ver

Gat

eway

Co

un

cil

Ch

arte

red

Acc

ou

nta

nts

of

BC

Van

cou

ver

Bo

ard

of

Trad

e

50

Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Capital Bikeshare

Arl

ingt

on

Co

un

ty V

A

Ale

xan

dri

a V

A

Fair

fax

Co

un

ty V

A

Mo

ntg

om

ery

Co

un

ty M

D





No

rth

ern

Vir

gin

ia T

ran

spo

rtat

ion

C

om

mis

sio

n (

Vir

gin

ia)

Was

hin

gto

n S

ub

urb

an T

ran

sit

Co

mm

issi

on

(M

aryl

and

)

Un

ited

Sta

tes

Secr

etar

y o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n



51

Mixed Signals 2018


Local Core CityCity

Region County

Province State

Federal Govt





paid

Toronto 100 ◼ ◼

Boston 0 ◼

Chicago 31 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston 56 ◼ ◼


Montreal 100 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Vancouver 5 ◼ ◼

Washington DC

25 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼



52

Mixed Signals 2018


2

2

3

1

6

6

4

5

5

7

13

9

8

6

9

8

5

6

5

7

Washington DC WMATA

Toronto TTC

Boston MBTA

Chicago CTA

Montreal RTM

Los Angeles Metro

Houston Metro

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Toronto Metrolinx

Gender

Me

n

Wo

me

n

0

0

0

1

3

2

4

5

2

4

17

11

10

10

11

9

10

10

7

3

Montreal RTM

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Boston MBTA

Toronto Metrolinx

Toronto TTC

Los Angeles Metro

Washington DC WMATA

Houston Metro

Chicago CTA


IncreasedBalance

Wh

ite

BIP

OC

53

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



54

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



55

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



56

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC


Map Attributions











57

Mixed Signals 2018

copy 2018 CodeRedTO




Mixed Signals 2018




















30

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto TTC (2017)



31

Mixed Signals 2018

Boston MBTA (2017)



32

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago CTA (2017)



33

Mixed Signals 2018




34

Mixed Signals 2018





35

Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal STM (2016)



36

Mixed Signals 2018




37

Mixed Signals 2018




38

Mixed Signals 2018


41

129

208

333

398

415

696

558

460



Boston (MBTA 2016)

Chicago (CTA 2016)


Toronto (TTC 2017)


Montreal (STM 2016)



Other Revenue

304

Fares696

39

Mixed Signals 2018


40

759

792

503

525

550

304

511

602



Boston MBTA (2017)


Chicago CTA (2017)

Toronto TTC (2017)

Montreal STM (2016)


$1177

$884

$681

$538

$318

$210

$212

$478




857mtrips

$210per trip

$18bbudget

Mixed Signals 2018

$475

$412

$337

$273

$237 $229

$175

$090

$116

$169$186 $190 $196 $190

$230

$308

$374




553000000rides



41

Mixed Signals 2018


Gas and Fuel Taxes

Parking Tax

Dev Charges

TollsPaid

ParkingVehicle

Tax

Land Transfer

Tax

Toronto ◼ ◼

Boston ◼ ◼

Chicago ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston ◼ ◼

Los Angeles ◼ ◼

Montreal ◼



Recommended by









Mixed Signals 2018





















43

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto

City of Toronto



ParkingBike Share



Council

Wheel-TransBus

StreetcarSubway

Province of Ontario

Metrolinx




PRESTO fare card

FutureLRT

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




44


Mixed Signals 2018

Boston

City of Boston

BikeShare



11 citizen members


MA



Commuter Rail


MBTA Fiscal and

MgmtControl Board

5 members appointed

by Governor

of MA

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




MBTA Advisory



45

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago













Card






Commuter Rail


Mayor of Chicago

Cook County Board

Cook County Board

President


Board Chairs

Divvy Bike Share

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes

Illinois




Mixed Signals 2018

Houston

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



Texas




METRO Service Area

City of Houston


Court


Service Area

47


Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles





Go

vern

or

of

Cal

ifo

rnia

May

or

of

Los

An

gele

s


87 Member Cities

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Commuter Rail





Ora

nge

Co

un

ty

Riv

ers

ide

Co

un

ty

San

Be

rnar

din

o C

ou

nty

Ve

ntu

ra C

ou

nty

Los Angeles County

48


Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



OPUS Fare Card






Commuter Rail







Co

mm

un

auteacute

meacutet

rop

olit

ain

ed

e M

on

treacutea

l

Agg

lom

eacuterat

ion

de

Lon

gueu

il

Vill

e d

e La

val

No

rth

Sh

ore

Sou

th S

ho

re



49


Mixed Signals 2018


Vancouver

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Cit

y o

f V

anco

uve

r




Screening Panel


Mayorsrsquo Council



BC

Min

iste

r o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n

Gre

ater

Van

cou

ver

Gat

eway

Co

un

cil

Ch

arte

red

Acc

ou

nta

nts

of

BC

Van

cou

ver

Bo

ard

of

Trad

e

50

Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Capital Bikeshare

Arl

ingt

on

Co

un

ty V

A

Ale

xan

dri

a V

A

Fair

fax

Co

un

ty V

A

Mo

ntg

om

ery

Co

un

ty M

D





No

rth

ern

Vir

gin

ia T

ran

spo

rtat

ion

C

om

mis

sio

n (

Vir

gin

ia)

Was

hin

gto

n S

ub

urb

an T

ran

sit

Co

mm

issi

on

(M

aryl

and

)

Un

ited

Sta

tes

Secr

etar

y o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n



51

Mixed Signals 2018


Local Core CityCity

Region County

Province State

Federal Govt





paid

Toronto 100 ◼ ◼

Boston 0 ◼

Chicago 31 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston 56 ◼ ◼


Montreal 100 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Vancouver 5 ◼ ◼

Washington DC

25 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼



52

Mixed Signals 2018


2

2

3

1

6

6

4

5

5

7

13

9

8

6

9

8

5

6

5

7

Washington DC WMATA

Toronto TTC

Boston MBTA

Chicago CTA

Montreal RTM

Los Angeles Metro

Houston Metro

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Toronto Metrolinx

Gender

Me

n

Wo

me

n

0

0

0

1

3

2

4

5

2

4

17

11

10

10

11

9

10

10

7

3

Montreal RTM

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Boston MBTA

Toronto Metrolinx

Toronto TTC

Los Angeles Metro

Washington DC WMATA

Houston Metro

Chicago CTA


IncreasedBalance

Wh

ite

BIP

OC

53

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



54

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



55

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



56

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC


Map Attributions











57

Mixed Signals 2018

copy 2018 CodeRedTO




Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto TTC (2017)



31

Mixed Signals 2018

Boston MBTA (2017)



32

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago CTA (2017)



33

Mixed Signals 2018




34

Mixed Signals 2018





35

Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal STM (2016)



36

Mixed Signals 2018




37

Mixed Signals 2018




38

Mixed Signals 2018


41

129

208

333

398

415

696

558

460



Boston (MBTA 2016)

Chicago (CTA 2016)


Toronto (TTC 2017)


Montreal (STM 2016)



Other Revenue

304

Fares696

39

Mixed Signals 2018


40

759

792

503

525

550

304

511

602



Boston MBTA (2017)


Chicago CTA (2017)

Toronto TTC (2017)

Montreal STM (2016)


$1177

$884

$681

$538

$318

$210

$212

$478




857mtrips

$210per trip

$18bbudget

Mixed Signals 2018

$475

$412

$337

$273

$237 $229

$175

$090

$116

$169$186 $190 $196 $190

$230

$308

$374




553000000rides



41

Mixed Signals 2018


Gas and Fuel Taxes

Parking Tax

Dev Charges

TollsPaid

ParkingVehicle

Tax

Land Transfer

Tax

Toronto ◼ ◼

Boston ◼ ◼

Chicago ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston ◼ ◼

Los Angeles ◼ ◼

Montreal ◼



Recommended by









Mixed Signals 2018





















43

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto

City of Toronto



ParkingBike Share



Council

Wheel-TransBus

StreetcarSubway

Province of Ontario

Metrolinx




PRESTO fare card

FutureLRT

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




44


Mixed Signals 2018

Boston

City of Boston

BikeShare



11 citizen members


MA



Commuter Rail


MBTA Fiscal and

MgmtControl Board

5 members appointed

by Governor

of MA

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




MBTA Advisory



45

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago













Card






Commuter Rail


Mayor of Chicago

Cook County Board

Cook County Board

President


Board Chairs

Divvy Bike Share

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes

Illinois




Mixed Signals 2018

Houston

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



Texas




METRO Service Area

City of Houston


Court


Service Area

47


Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles





Go

vern

or

of

Cal

ifo

rnia

May

or

of

Los

An

gele

s


87 Member Cities

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Commuter Rail





Ora

nge

Co

un

ty

Riv

ers

ide

Co

un

ty

San

Be

rnar

din

o C

ou

nty

Ve

ntu

ra C

ou

nty

Los Angeles County

48


Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



OPUS Fare Card






Commuter Rail







Co

mm

un

auteacute

meacutet

rop

olit

ain

ed

e M

on

treacutea

l

Agg

lom

eacuterat

ion

de

Lon

gueu

il

Vill

e d

e La

val

No

rth

Sh

ore

Sou

th S

ho

re



49


Mixed Signals 2018


Vancouver

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Cit

y o

f V

anco

uve

r




Screening Panel


Mayorsrsquo Council



BC

Min

iste

r o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n

Gre

ater

Van

cou

ver

Gat

eway

Co

un

cil

Ch

arte

red

Acc

ou

nta

nts

of

BC

Van

cou

ver

Bo

ard

of

Trad

e

50

Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Capital Bikeshare

Arl

ingt

on

Co

un

ty V

A

Ale

xan

dri

a V

A

Fair

fax

Co

un

ty V

A

Mo

ntg

om

ery

Co

un

ty M

D





No

rth

ern

Vir

gin

ia T

ran

spo

rtat

ion

C

om

mis

sio

n (

Vir

gin

ia)

Was

hin

gto

n S

ub

urb

an T

ran

sit

Co

mm

issi

on

(M

aryl

and

)

Un

ited

Sta

tes

Secr

etar

y o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n



51

Mixed Signals 2018


Local Core CityCity

Region County

Province State

Federal Govt





paid

Toronto 100 ◼ ◼

Boston 0 ◼

Chicago 31 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston 56 ◼ ◼


Montreal 100 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Vancouver 5 ◼ ◼

Washington DC

25 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼



52

Mixed Signals 2018


2

2

3

1

6

6

4

5

5

7

13

9

8

6

9

8

5

6

5

7

Washington DC WMATA

Toronto TTC

Boston MBTA

Chicago CTA

Montreal RTM

Los Angeles Metro

Houston Metro

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Toronto Metrolinx

Gender

Me

n

Wo

me

n

0

0

0

1

3

2

4

5

2

4

17

11

10

10

11

9

10

10

7

3

Montreal RTM

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Boston MBTA

Toronto Metrolinx

Toronto TTC

Los Angeles Metro

Washington DC WMATA

Houston Metro

Chicago CTA


IncreasedBalance

Wh

ite

BIP

OC

53

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



54

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



55

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



56

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC


Map Attributions











57

Mixed Signals 2018

copy 2018 CodeRedTO




Mixed Signals 2018

Boston MBTA (2017)



32

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago CTA (2017)



33

Mixed Signals 2018




34

Mixed Signals 2018





35

Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal STM (2016)



36

Mixed Signals 2018




37

Mixed Signals 2018




38

Mixed Signals 2018


41

129

208

333

398

415

696

558

460



Boston (MBTA 2016)

Chicago (CTA 2016)


Toronto (TTC 2017)


Montreal (STM 2016)



Other Revenue

304

Fares696

39

Mixed Signals 2018


40

759

792

503

525

550

304

511

602



Boston MBTA (2017)


Chicago CTA (2017)

Toronto TTC (2017)

Montreal STM (2016)


$1177

$884

$681

$538

$318

$210

$212

$478




857mtrips

$210per trip

$18bbudget

Mixed Signals 2018

$475

$412

$337

$273

$237 $229

$175

$090

$116

$169$186 $190 $196 $190

$230

$308

$374




553000000rides



41

Mixed Signals 2018


Gas and Fuel Taxes

Parking Tax

Dev Charges

TollsPaid

ParkingVehicle

Tax

Land Transfer

Tax

Toronto ◼ ◼

Boston ◼ ◼

Chicago ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston ◼ ◼

Los Angeles ◼ ◼

Montreal ◼



Recommended by









Mixed Signals 2018





















43

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto

City of Toronto



ParkingBike Share



Council

Wheel-TransBus

StreetcarSubway

Province of Ontario

Metrolinx




PRESTO fare card

FutureLRT

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




44


Mixed Signals 2018

Boston

City of Boston

BikeShare



11 citizen members


MA



Commuter Rail


MBTA Fiscal and

MgmtControl Board

5 members appointed

by Governor

of MA

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




MBTA Advisory



45

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago













Card






Commuter Rail


Mayor of Chicago

Cook County Board

Cook County Board

President


Board Chairs

Divvy Bike Share

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes

Illinois




Mixed Signals 2018

Houston

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



Texas




METRO Service Area

City of Houston


Court


Service Area

47


Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles





Go

vern

or

of

Cal

ifo

rnia

May

or

of

Los

An

gele

s


87 Member Cities

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Commuter Rail





Ora

nge

Co

un

ty

Riv

ers

ide

Co

un

ty

San

Be

rnar

din

o C

ou

nty

Ve

ntu

ra C

ou

nty

Los Angeles County

48


Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



OPUS Fare Card






Commuter Rail







Co

mm

un

auteacute

meacutet

rop

olit

ain

ed

e M

on

treacutea

l

Agg

lom

eacuterat

ion

de

Lon

gueu

il

Vill

e d

e La

val

No

rth

Sh

ore

Sou

th S

ho

re



49


Mixed Signals 2018


Vancouver

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Cit

y o

f V

anco

uve

r




Screening Panel


Mayorsrsquo Council



BC

Min

iste

r o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n

Gre

ater

Van

cou

ver

Gat

eway

Co

un

cil

Ch

arte

red

Acc

ou

nta

nts

of

BC

Van

cou

ver

Bo

ard

of

Trad

e

50

Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Capital Bikeshare

Arl

ingt

on

Co

un

ty V

A

Ale

xan

dri

a V

A

Fair

fax

Co

un

ty V

A

Mo

ntg

om

ery

Co

un

ty M

D





No

rth

ern

Vir

gin

ia T

ran

spo

rtat

ion

C

om

mis

sio

n (

Vir

gin

ia)

Was

hin

gto

n S

ub

urb

an T

ran

sit

Co

mm

issi

on

(M

aryl

and

)

Un

ited

Sta

tes

Secr

etar

y o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n



51

Mixed Signals 2018


Local Core CityCity

Region County

Province State

Federal Govt





paid

Toronto 100 ◼ ◼

Boston 0 ◼

Chicago 31 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston 56 ◼ ◼


Montreal 100 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Vancouver 5 ◼ ◼

Washington DC

25 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼



52

Mixed Signals 2018


2

2

3

1

6

6

4

5

5

7

13

9

8

6

9

8

5

6

5

7

Washington DC WMATA

Toronto TTC

Boston MBTA

Chicago CTA

Montreal RTM

Los Angeles Metro

Houston Metro

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Toronto Metrolinx

Gender

Me

n

Wo

me

n

0

0

0

1

3

2

4

5

2

4

17

11

10

10

11

9

10

10

7

3

Montreal RTM

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Boston MBTA

Toronto Metrolinx

Toronto TTC

Los Angeles Metro

Washington DC WMATA

Houston Metro

Chicago CTA


IncreasedBalance

Wh

ite

BIP

OC

53

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



54

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



55

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



56

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC


Map Attributions











57

Mixed Signals 2018

copy 2018 CodeRedTO




Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago CTA (2017)



33

Mixed Signals 2018




34

Mixed Signals 2018





35

Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal STM (2016)



36

Mixed Signals 2018




37

Mixed Signals 2018




38

Mixed Signals 2018


41

129

208

333

398

415

696

558

460



Boston (MBTA 2016)

Chicago (CTA 2016)


Toronto (TTC 2017)


Montreal (STM 2016)



Other Revenue

304

Fares696

39

Mixed Signals 2018


40

759

792

503

525

550

304

511

602



Boston MBTA (2017)


Chicago CTA (2017)

Toronto TTC (2017)

Montreal STM (2016)


$1177

$884

$681

$538

$318

$210

$212

$478




857mtrips

$210per trip

$18bbudget

Mixed Signals 2018

$475

$412

$337

$273

$237 $229

$175

$090

$116

$169$186 $190 $196 $190

$230

$308

$374




553000000rides



41

Mixed Signals 2018


Gas and Fuel Taxes

Parking Tax

Dev Charges

TollsPaid

ParkingVehicle

Tax

Land Transfer

Tax

Toronto ◼ ◼

Boston ◼ ◼

Chicago ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston ◼ ◼

Los Angeles ◼ ◼

Montreal ◼



Recommended by









Mixed Signals 2018





















43

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto

City of Toronto



ParkingBike Share



Council

Wheel-TransBus

StreetcarSubway

Province of Ontario

Metrolinx




PRESTO fare card

FutureLRT

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




44


Mixed Signals 2018

Boston

City of Boston

BikeShare



11 citizen members


MA



Commuter Rail


MBTA Fiscal and

MgmtControl Board

5 members appointed

by Governor

of MA

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




MBTA Advisory



45

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago













Card






Commuter Rail


Mayor of Chicago

Cook County Board

Cook County Board

President


Board Chairs

Divvy Bike Share

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes

Illinois




Mixed Signals 2018

Houston

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



Texas




METRO Service Area

City of Houston


Court


Service Area

47


Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles





Go

vern

or

of

Cal

ifo

rnia

May

or

of

Los

An

gele

s


87 Member Cities

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Commuter Rail





Ora

nge

Co

un

ty

Riv

ers

ide

Co

un

ty

San

Be

rnar

din

o C

ou

nty

Ve

ntu

ra C

ou

nty

Los Angeles County

48


Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



OPUS Fare Card






Commuter Rail







Co

mm

un

auteacute

meacutet

rop

olit

ain

ed

e M

on

treacutea

l

Agg

lom

eacuterat

ion

de

Lon

gueu

il

Vill

e d

e La

val

No

rth

Sh

ore

Sou

th S

ho

re



49


Mixed Signals 2018


Vancouver

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Cit

y o

f V

anco

uve

r




Screening Panel


Mayorsrsquo Council



BC

Min

iste

r o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n

Gre

ater

Van

cou

ver

Gat

eway

Co

un

cil

Ch

arte

red

Acc

ou

nta

nts

of

BC

Van

cou

ver

Bo

ard

of

Trad

e

50

Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Capital Bikeshare

Arl

ingt

on

Co

un

ty V

A

Ale

xan

dri

a V

A

Fair

fax

Co

un

ty V

A

Mo

ntg

om

ery

Co

un

ty M

D





No

rth

ern

Vir

gin

ia T

ran

spo

rtat

ion

C

om

mis

sio

n (

Vir

gin

ia)

Was

hin

gto

n S

ub

urb

an T

ran

sit

Co

mm

issi

on

(M

aryl

and

)

Un

ited

Sta

tes

Secr

etar

y o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n



51

Mixed Signals 2018


Local Core CityCity

Region County

Province State

Federal Govt





paid

Toronto 100 ◼ ◼

Boston 0 ◼

Chicago 31 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston 56 ◼ ◼


Montreal 100 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Vancouver 5 ◼ ◼

Washington DC

25 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼



52

Mixed Signals 2018


2

2

3

1

6

6

4

5

5

7

13

9

8

6

9

8

5

6

5

7

Washington DC WMATA

Toronto TTC

Boston MBTA

Chicago CTA

Montreal RTM

Los Angeles Metro

Houston Metro

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Toronto Metrolinx

Gender

Me

n

Wo

me

n

0

0

0

1

3

2

4

5

2

4

17

11

10

10

11

9

10

10

7

3

Montreal RTM

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Boston MBTA

Toronto Metrolinx

Toronto TTC

Los Angeles Metro

Washington DC WMATA

Houston Metro

Chicago CTA


IncreasedBalance

Wh

ite

BIP

OC

53

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



54

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



55

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



56

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC


Map Attributions











57

Mixed Signals 2018

copy 2018 CodeRedTO




Mixed Signals 2018




34

Mixed Signals 2018





35

Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal STM (2016)



36

Mixed Signals 2018




37

Mixed Signals 2018




38

Mixed Signals 2018


41

129

208

333

398

415

696

558

460



Boston (MBTA 2016)

Chicago (CTA 2016)


Toronto (TTC 2017)


Montreal (STM 2016)



Other Revenue

304

Fares696

39

Mixed Signals 2018


40

759

792

503

525

550

304

511

602



Boston MBTA (2017)


Chicago CTA (2017)

Toronto TTC (2017)

Montreal STM (2016)


$1177

$884

$681

$538

$318

$210

$212

$478




857mtrips

$210per trip

$18bbudget

Mixed Signals 2018

$475

$412

$337

$273

$237 $229

$175

$090

$116

$169$186 $190 $196 $190

$230

$308

$374




553000000rides



41

Mixed Signals 2018


Gas and Fuel Taxes

Parking Tax

Dev Charges

TollsPaid

ParkingVehicle

Tax

Land Transfer

Tax

Toronto ◼ ◼

Boston ◼ ◼

Chicago ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston ◼ ◼

Los Angeles ◼ ◼

Montreal ◼



Recommended by









Mixed Signals 2018





















43

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto

City of Toronto



ParkingBike Share



Council

Wheel-TransBus

StreetcarSubway

Province of Ontario

Metrolinx




PRESTO fare card

FutureLRT

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




44


Mixed Signals 2018

Boston

City of Boston

BikeShare



11 citizen members


MA



Commuter Rail


MBTA Fiscal and

MgmtControl Board

5 members appointed

by Governor

of MA

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




MBTA Advisory



45

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago













Card






Commuter Rail


Mayor of Chicago

Cook County Board

Cook County Board

President


Board Chairs

Divvy Bike Share

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes

Illinois




Mixed Signals 2018

Houston

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



Texas




METRO Service Area

City of Houston


Court


Service Area

47


Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles





Go

vern

or

of

Cal

ifo

rnia

May

or

of

Los

An

gele

s


87 Member Cities

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Commuter Rail





Ora

nge

Co

un

ty

Riv

ers

ide

Co

un

ty

San

Be

rnar

din

o C

ou

nty

Ve

ntu

ra C

ou

nty

Los Angeles County

48


Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



OPUS Fare Card






Commuter Rail







Co

mm

un

auteacute

meacutet

rop

olit

ain

ed

e M

on

treacutea

l

Agg

lom

eacuterat

ion

de

Lon

gueu

il

Vill

e d

e La

val

No

rth

Sh

ore

Sou

th S

ho

re



49


Mixed Signals 2018


Vancouver

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Cit

y o

f V

anco

uve

r




Screening Panel


Mayorsrsquo Council



BC

Min

iste

r o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n

Gre

ater

Van

cou

ver

Gat

eway

Co

un

cil

Ch

arte

red

Acc

ou

nta

nts

of

BC

Van

cou

ver

Bo

ard

of

Trad

e

50

Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Capital Bikeshare

Arl

ingt

on

Co

un

ty V

A

Ale

xan

dri

a V

A

Fair

fax

Co

un

ty V

A

Mo

ntg

om

ery

Co

un

ty M

D





No

rth

ern

Vir

gin

ia T

ran

spo

rtat

ion

C

om

mis

sio

n (

Vir

gin

ia)

Was

hin

gto

n S

ub

urb

an T

ran

sit

Co

mm

issi

on

(M

aryl

and

)

Un

ited

Sta

tes

Secr

etar

y o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n



51

Mixed Signals 2018


Local Core CityCity

Region County

Province State

Federal Govt





paid

Toronto 100 ◼ ◼

Boston 0 ◼

Chicago 31 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston 56 ◼ ◼


Montreal 100 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Vancouver 5 ◼ ◼

Washington DC

25 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼



52

Mixed Signals 2018


2

2

3

1

6

6

4

5

5

7

13

9

8

6

9

8

5

6

5

7

Washington DC WMATA

Toronto TTC

Boston MBTA

Chicago CTA

Montreal RTM

Los Angeles Metro

Houston Metro

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Toronto Metrolinx

Gender

Me

n

Wo

me

n

0

0

0

1

3

2

4

5

2

4

17

11

10

10

11

9

10

10

7

3

Montreal RTM

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Boston MBTA

Toronto Metrolinx

Toronto TTC

Los Angeles Metro

Washington DC WMATA

Houston Metro

Chicago CTA


IncreasedBalance

Wh

ite

BIP

OC

53

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



54

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



55

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



56

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC


Map Attributions











57

Mixed Signals 2018

copy 2018 CodeRedTO




Mixed Signals 2018





35

Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal STM (2016)



36

Mixed Signals 2018




37

Mixed Signals 2018




38

Mixed Signals 2018


41

129

208

333

398

415

696

558

460



Boston (MBTA 2016)

Chicago (CTA 2016)


Toronto (TTC 2017)


Montreal (STM 2016)



Other Revenue

304

Fares696

39

Mixed Signals 2018


40

759

792

503

525

550

304

511

602



Boston MBTA (2017)


Chicago CTA (2017)

Toronto TTC (2017)

Montreal STM (2016)


$1177

$884

$681

$538

$318

$210

$212

$478




857mtrips

$210per trip

$18bbudget

Mixed Signals 2018

$475

$412

$337

$273

$237 $229

$175

$090

$116

$169$186 $190 $196 $190

$230

$308

$374




553000000rides



41

Mixed Signals 2018


Gas and Fuel Taxes

Parking Tax

Dev Charges

TollsPaid

ParkingVehicle

Tax

Land Transfer

Tax

Toronto ◼ ◼

Boston ◼ ◼

Chicago ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston ◼ ◼

Los Angeles ◼ ◼

Montreal ◼



Recommended by









Mixed Signals 2018





















43

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto

City of Toronto



ParkingBike Share



Council

Wheel-TransBus

StreetcarSubway

Province of Ontario

Metrolinx




PRESTO fare card

FutureLRT

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




44


Mixed Signals 2018

Boston

City of Boston

BikeShare



11 citizen members


MA



Commuter Rail


MBTA Fiscal and

MgmtControl Board

5 members appointed

by Governor

of MA

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




MBTA Advisory



45

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago













Card






Commuter Rail


Mayor of Chicago

Cook County Board

Cook County Board

President


Board Chairs

Divvy Bike Share

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes

Illinois




Mixed Signals 2018

Houston

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



Texas




METRO Service Area

City of Houston


Court


Service Area

47


Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles





Go

vern

or

of

Cal

ifo

rnia

May

or

of

Los

An

gele

s


87 Member Cities

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Commuter Rail





Ora

nge

Co

un

ty

Riv

ers

ide

Co

un

ty

San

Be

rnar

din

o C

ou

nty

Ve

ntu

ra C

ou

nty

Los Angeles County

48


Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



OPUS Fare Card






Commuter Rail







Co

mm

un

auteacute

meacutet

rop

olit

ain

ed

e M

on

treacutea

l

Agg

lom

eacuterat

ion

de

Lon

gueu

il

Vill

e d

e La

val

No

rth

Sh

ore

Sou

th S

ho

re



49


Mixed Signals 2018


Vancouver

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Cit

y o

f V

anco

uve

r




Screening Panel


Mayorsrsquo Council



BC

Min

iste

r o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n

Gre

ater

Van

cou

ver

Gat

eway

Co

un

cil

Ch

arte

red

Acc

ou

nta

nts

of

BC

Van

cou

ver

Bo

ard

of

Trad

e

50

Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Capital Bikeshare

Arl

ingt

on

Co

un

ty V

A

Ale

xan

dri

a V

A

Fair

fax

Co

un

ty V

A

Mo

ntg

om

ery

Co

un

ty M

D





No

rth

ern

Vir

gin

ia T

ran

spo

rtat

ion

C

om

mis

sio

n (

Vir

gin

ia)

Was

hin

gto

n S

ub

urb

an T

ran

sit

Co

mm

issi

on

(M

aryl

and

)

Un

ited

Sta

tes

Secr

etar

y o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n



51

Mixed Signals 2018


Local Core CityCity

Region County

Province State

Federal Govt





paid

Toronto 100 ◼ ◼

Boston 0 ◼

Chicago 31 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston 56 ◼ ◼


Montreal 100 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Vancouver 5 ◼ ◼

Washington DC

25 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼



52

Mixed Signals 2018


2

2

3

1

6

6

4

5

5

7

13

9

8

6

9

8

5

6

5

7

Washington DC WMATA

Toronto TTC

Boston MBTA

Chicago CTA

Montreal RTM

Los Angeles Metro

Houston Metro

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Toronto Metrolinx

Gender

Me

n

Wo

me

n

0

0

0

1

3

2

4

5

2

4

17

11

10

10

11

9

10

10

7

3

Montreal RTM

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Boston MBTA

Toronto Metrolinx

Toronto TTC

Los Angeles Metro

Washington DC WMATA

Houston Metro

Chicago CTA


IncreasedBalance

Wh

ite

BIP

OC

53

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



54

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



55

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



56

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC


Map Attributions











57

Mixed Signals 2018

copy 2018 CodeRedTO




Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal STM (2016)



36

Mixed Signals 2018




37

Mixed Signals 2018




38

Mixed Signals 2018


41

129

208

333

398

415

696

558

460



Boston (MBTA 2016)

Chicago (CTA 2016)


Toronto (TTC 2017)


Montreal (STM 2016)



Other Revenue

304

Fares696

39

Mixed Signals 2018


40

759

792

503

525

550

304

511

602



Boston MBTA (2017)


Chicago CTA (2017)

Toronto TTC (2017)

Montreal STM (2016)


$1177

$884

$681

$538

$318

$210

$212

$478




857mtrips

$210per trip

$18bbudget

Mixed Signals 2018

$475

$412

$337

$273

$237 $229

$175

$090

$116

$169$186 $190 $196 $190

$230

$308

$374




553000000rides



41

Mixed Signals 2018


Gas and Fuel Taxes

Parking Tax

Dev Charges

TollsPaid

ParkingVehicle

Tax

Land Transfer

Tax

Toronto ◼ ◼

Boston ◼ ◼

Chicago ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston ◼ ◼

Los Angeles ◼ ◼

Montreal ◼



Recommended by









Mixed Signals 2018





















43

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto

City of Toronto



ParkingBike Share



Council

Wheel-TransBus

StreetcarSubway

Province of Ontario

Metrolinx




PRESTO fare card

FutureLRT

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




44


Mixed Signals 2018

Boston

City of Boston

BikeShare



11 citizen members


MA



Commuter Rail


MBTA Fiscal and

MgmtControl Board

5 members appointed

by Governor

of MA

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




MBTA Advisory



45

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago













Card






Commuter Rail


Mayor of Chicago

Cook County Board

Cook County Board

President


Board Chairs

Divvy Bike Share

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes

Illinois




Mixed Signals 2018

Houston

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



Texas




METRO Service Area

City of Houston


Court


Service Area

47


Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles





Go

vern

or

of

Cal

ifo

rnia

May

or

of

Los

An

gele

s


87 Member Cities

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Commuter Rail





Ora

nge

Co

un

ty

Riv

ers

ide

Co

un

ty

San

Be

rnar

din

o C

ou

nty

Ve

ntu

ra C

ou

nty

Los Angeles County

48


Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



OPUS Fare Card






Commuter Rail







Co

mm

un

auteacute

meacutet

rop

olit

ain

ed

e M

on

treacutea

l

Agg

lom

eacuterat

ion

de

Lon

gueu

il

Vill

e d

e La

val

No

rth

Sh

ore

Sou

th S

ho

re



49


Mixed Signals 2018


Vancouver

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Cit

y o

f V

anco

uve

r




Screening Panel


Mayorsrsquo Council



BC

Min

iste

r o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n

Gre

ater

Van

cou

ver

Gat

eway

Co

un

cil

Ch

arte

red

Acc

ou

nta

nts

of

BC

Van

cou

ver

Bo

ard

of

Trad

e

50

Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Capital Bikeshare

Arl

ingt

on

Co

un

ty V

A

Ale

xan

dri

a V

A

Fair

fax

Co

un

ty V

A

Mo

ntg

om

ery

Co

un

ty M

D





No

rth

ern

Vir

gin

ia T

ran

spo

rtat

ion

C

om

mis

sio

n (

Vir

gin

ia)

Was

hin

gto

n S

ub

urb

an T

ran

sit

Co

mm

issi

on

(M

aryl

and

)

Un

ited

Sta

tes

Secr

etar

y o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n



51

Mixed Signals 2018


Local Core CityCity

Region County

Province State

Federal Govt





paid

Toronto 100 ◼ ◼

Boston 0 ◼

Chicago 31 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston 56 ◼ ◼


Montreal 100 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Vancouver 5 ◼ ◼

Washington DC

25 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼



52

Mixed Signals 2018


2

2

3

1

6

6

4

5

5

7

13

9

8

6

9

8

5

6

5

7

Washington DC WMATA

Toronto TTC

Boston MBTA

Chicago CTA

Montreal RTM

Los Angeles Metro

Houston Metro

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Toronto Metrolinx

Gender

Me

n

Wo

me

n

0

0

0

1

3

2

4

5

2

4

17

11

10

10

11

9

10

10

7

3

Montreal RTM

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Boston MBTA

Toronto Metrolinx

Toronto TTC

Los Angeles Metro

Washington DC WMATA

Houston Metro

Chicago CTA


IncreasedBalance

Wh

ite

BIP

OC

53

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



54

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



55

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



56

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC


Map Attributions











57

Mixed Signals 2018

copy 2018 CodeRedTO




Mixed Signals 2018




37

Mixed Signals 2018




38

Mixed Signals 2018


41

129

208

333

398

415

696

558

460



Boston (MBTA 2016)

Chicago (CTA 2016)


Toronto (TTC 2017)


Montreal (STM 2016)



Other Revenue

304

Fares696

39

Mixed Signals 2018


40

759

792

503

525

550

304

511

602



Boston MBTA (2017)


Chicago CTA (2017)

Toronto TTC (2017)

Montreal STM (2016)


$1177

$884

$681

$538

$318

$210

$212

$478




857mtrips

$210per trip

$18bbudget

Mixed Signals 2018

$475

$412

$337

$273

$237 $229

$175

$090

$116

$169$186 $190 $196 $190

$230

$308

$374




553000000rides



41

Mixed Signals 2018


Gas and Fuel Taxes

Parking Tax

Dev Charges

TollsPaid

ParkingVehicle

Tax

Land Transfer

Tax

Toronto ◼ ◼

Boston ◼ ◼

Chicago ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston ◼ ◼

Los Angeles ◼ ◼

Montreal ◼



Recommended by









Mixed Signals 2018





















43

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto

City of Toronto



ParkingBike Share



Council

Wheel-TransBus

StreetcarSubway

Province of Ontario

Metrolinx




PRESTO fare card

FutureLRT

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




44


Mixed Signals 2018

Boston

City of Boston

BikeShare



11 citizen members


MA



Commuter Rail


MBTA Fiscal and

MgmtControl Board

5 members appointed

by Governor

of MA

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




MBTA Advisory



45

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago













Card






Commuter Rail


Mayor of Chicago

Cook County Board

Cook County Board

President


Board Chairs

Divvy Bike Share

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes

Illinois




Mixed Signals 2018

Houston

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



Texas




METRO Service Area

City of Houston


Court


Service Area

47


Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles





Go

vern

or

of

Cal

ifo

rnia

May

or

of

Los

An

gele

s


87 Member Cities

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Commuter Rail





Ora

nge

Co

un

ty

Riv

ers

ide

Co

un

ty

San

Be

rnar

din

o C

ou

nty

Ve

ntu

ra C

ou

nty

Los Angeles County

48


Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



OPUS Fare Card






Commuter Rail







Co

mm

un

auteacute

meacutet

rop

olit

ain

ed

e M

on

treacutea

l

Agg

lom

eacuterat

ion

de

Lon

gueu

il

Vill

e d

e La

val

No

rth

Sh

ore

Sou

th S

ho

re



49


Mixed Signals 2018


Vancouver

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Cit

y o

f V

anco

uve

r




Screening Panel


Mayorsrsquo Council



BC

Min

iste

r o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n

Gre

ater

Van

cou

ver

Gat

eway

Co

un

cil

Ch

arte

red

Acc

ou

nta

nts

of

BC

Van

cou

ver

Bo

ard

of

Trad

e

50

Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Capital Bikeshare

Arl

ingt

on

Co

un

ty V

A

Ale

xan

dri

a V

A

Fair

fax

Co

un

ty V

A

Mo

ntg

om

ery

Co

un

ty M

D





No

rth

ern

Vir

gin

ia T

ran

spo

rtat

ion

C

om

mis

sio

n (

Vir

gin

ia)

Was

hin

gto

n S

ub

urb

an T

ran

sit

Co

mm

issi

on

(M

aryl

and

)

Un

ited

Sta

tes

Secr

etar

y o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n



51

Mixed Signals 2018


Local Core CityCity

Region County

Province State

Federal Govt





paid

Toronto 100 ◼ ◼

Boston 0 ◼

Chicago 31 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston 56 ◼ ◼


Montreal 100 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Vancouver 5 ◼ ◼

Washington DC

25 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼



52

Mixed Signals 2018


2

2

3

1

6

6

4

5

5

7

13

9

8

6

9

8

5

6

5

7

Washington DC WMATA

Toronto TTC

Boston MBTA

Chicago CTA

Montreal RTM

Los Angeles Metro

Houston Metro

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Toronto Metrolinx

Gender

Me

n

Wo

me

n

0

0

0

1

3

2

4

5

2

4

17

11

10

10

11

9

10

10

7

3

Montreal RTM

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Boston MBTA

Toronto Metrolinx

Toronto TTC

Los Angeles Metro

Washington DC WMATA

Houston Metro

Chicago CTA


IncreasedBalance

Wh

ite

BIP

OC

53

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



54

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



55

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



56

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC


Map Attributions











57

Mixed Signals 2018

copy 2018 CodeRedTO




Mixed Signals 2018




38

Mixed Signals 2018


41

129

208

333

398

415

696

558

460



Boston (MBTA 2016)

Chicago (CTA 2016)


Toronto (TTC 2017)


Montreal (STM 2016)



Other Revenue

304

Fares696

39

Mixed Signals 2018


40

759

792

503

525

550

304

511

602



Boston MBTA (2017)


Chicago CTA (2017)

Toronto TTC (2017)

Montreal STM (2016)


$1177

$884

$681

$538

$318

$210

$212

$478




857mtrips

$210per trip

$18bbudget

Mixed Signals 2018

$475

$412

$337

$273

$237 $229

$175

$090

$116

$169$186 $190 $196 $190

$230

$308

$374




553000000rides



41

Mixed Signals 2018


Gas and Fuel Taxes

Parking Tax

Dev Charges

TollsPaid

ParkingVehicle

Tax

Land Transfer

Tax

Toronto ◼ ◼

Boston ◼ ◼

Chicago ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston ◼ ◼

Los Angeles ◼ ◼

Montreal ◼



Recommended by









Mixed Signals 2018





















43

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto

City of Toronto



ParkingBike Share



Council

Wheel-TransBus

StreetcarSubway

Province of Ontario

Metrolinx




PRESTO fare card

FutureLRT

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




44


Mixed Signals 2018

Boston

City of Boston

BikeShare



11 citizen members


MA



Commuter Rail


MBTA Fiscal and

MgmtControl Board

5 members appointed

by Governor

of MA

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




MBTA Advisory



45

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago













Card






Commuter Rail


Mayor of Chicago

Cook County Board

Cook County Board

President


Board Chairs

Divvy Bike Share

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes

Illinois




Mixed Signals 2018

Houston

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



Texas




METRO Service Area

City of Houston


Court


Service Area

47


Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles





Go

vern

or

of

Cal

ifo

rnia

May

or

of

Los

An

gele

s


87 Member Cities

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Commuter Rail





Ora

nge

Co

un

ty

Riv

ers

ide

Co

un

ty

San

Be

rnar

din

o C

ou

nty

Ve

ntu

ra C

ou

nty

Los Angeles County

48


Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



OPUS Fare Card






Commuter Rail







Co

mm

un

auteacute

meacutet

rop

olit

ain

ed

e M

on

treacutea

l

Agg

lom

eacuterat

ion

de

Lon

gueu

il

Vill

e d

e La

val

No

rth

Sh

ore

Sou

th S

ho

re



49


Mixed Signals 2018


Vancouver

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Cit

y o

f V

anco

uve

r




Screening Panel


Mayorsrsquo Council



BC

Min

iste

r o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n

Gre

ater

Van

cou

ver

Gat

eway

Co

un

cil

Ch

arte

red

Acc

ou

nta

nts

of

BC

Van

cou

ver

Bo

ard

of

Trad

e

50

Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Capital Bikeshare

Arl

ingt

on

Co

un

ty V

A

Ale

xan

dri

a V

A

Fair

fax

Co

un

ty V

A

Mo

ntg

om

ery

Co

un

ty M

D





No

rth

ern

Vir

gin

ia T

ran

spo

rtat

ion

C

om

mis

sio

n (

Vir

gin

ia)

Was

hin

gto

n S

ub

urb

an T

ran

sit

Co

mm

issi

on

(M

aryl

and

)

Un

ited

Sta

tes

Secr

etar

y o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n



51

Mixed Signals 2018


Local Core CityCity

Region County

Province State

Federal Govt





paid

Toronto 100 ◼ ◼

Boston 0 ◼

Chicago 31 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston 56 ◼ ◼


Montreal 100 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Vancouver 5 ◼ ◼

Washington DC

25 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼



52

Mixed Signals 2018


2

2

3

1

6

6

4

5

5

7

13

9

8

6

9

8

5

6

5

7

Washington DC WMATA

Toronto TTC

Boston MBTA

Chicago CTA

Montreal RTM

Los Angeles Metro

Houston Metro

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Toronto Metrolinx

Gender

Me

n

Wo

me

n

0

0

0

1

3

2

4

5

2

4

17

11

10

10

11

9

10

10

7

3

Montreal RTM

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Boston MBTA

Toronto Metrolinx

Toronto TTC

Los Angeles Metro

Washington DC WMATA

Houston Metro

Chicago CTA


IncreasedBalance

Wh

ite

BIP

OC

53

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



54

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



55

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



56

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC


Map Attributions











57

Mixed Signals 2018

copy 2018 CodeRedTO




Mixed Signals 2018


41

129

208

333

398

415

696

558

460



Boston (MBTA 2016)

Chicago (CTA 2016)


Toronto (TTC 2017)


Montreal (STM 2016)



Other Revenue

304

Fares696

39

Mixed Signals 2018


40

759

792

503

525

550

304

511

602



Boston MBTA (2017)


Chicago CTA (2017)

Toronto TTC (2017)

Montreal STM (2016)


$1177

$884

$681

$538

$318

$210

$212

$478




857mtrips

$210per trip

$18bbudget

Mixed Signals 2018

$475

$412

$337

$273

$237 $229

$175

$090

$116

$169$186 $190 $196 $190

$230

$308

$374




553000000rides



41

Mixed Signals 2018


Gas and Fuel Taxes

Parking Tax

Dev Charges

TollsPaid

ParkingVehicle

Tax

Land Transfer

Tax

Toronto ◼ ◼

Boston ◼ ◼

Chicago ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston ◼ ◼

Los Angeles ◼ ◼

Montreal ◼



Recommended by









Mixed Signals 2018





















43

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto

City of Toronto



ParkingBike Share



Council

Wheel-TransBus

StreetcarSubway

Province of Ontario

Metrolinx




PRESTO fare card

FutureLRT

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




44


Mixed Signals 2018

Boston

City of Boston

BikeShare



11 citizen members


MA



Commuter Rail


MBTA Fiscal and

MgmtControl Board

5 members appointed

by Governor

of MA

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




MBTA Advisory



45

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago













Card






Commuter Rail


Mayor of Chicago

Cook County Board

Cook County Board

President


Board Chairs

Divvy Bike Share

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes

Illinois




Mixed Signals 2018

Houston

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



Texas




METRO Service Area

City of Houston


Court


Service Area

47


Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles





Go

vern

or

of

Cal

ifo

rnia

May

or

of

Los

An

gele

s


87 Member Cities

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Commuter Rail





Ora

nge

Co

un

ty

Riv

ers

ide

Co

un

ty

San

Be

rnar

din

o C

ou

nty

Ve

ntu

ra C

ou

nty

Los Angeles County

48


Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



OPUS Fare Card






Commuter Rail







Co

mm

un

auteacute

meacutet

rop

olit

ain

ed

e M

on

treacutea

l

Agg

lom

eacuterat

ion

de

Lon

gueu

il

Vill

e d

e La

val

No

rth

Sh

ore

Sou

th S

ho

re



49


Mixed Signals 2018


Vancouver

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Cit

y o

f V

anco

uve

r




Screening Panel


Mayorsrsquo Council



BC

Min

iste

r o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n

Gre

ater

Van

cou

ver

Gat

eway

Co

un

cil

Ch

arte

red

Acc

ou

nta

nts

of

BC

Van

cou

ver

Bo

ard

of

Trad

e

50

Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Capital Bikeshare

Arl

ingt

on

Co

un

ty V

A

Ale

xan

dri

a V

A

Fair

fax

Co

un

ty V

A

Mo

ntg

om

ery

Co

un

ty M

D





No

rth

ern

Vir

gin

ia T

ran

spo

rtat

ion

C

om

mis

sio

n (

Vir

gin

ia)

Was

hin

gto

n S

ub

urb

an T

ran

sit

Co

mm

issi

on

(M

aryl

and

)

Un

ited

Sta

tes

Secr

etar

y o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n



51

Mixed Signals 2018


Local Core CityCity

Region County

Province State

Federal Govt





paid

Toronto 100 ◼ ◼

Boston 0 ◼

Chicago 31 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston 56 ◼ ◼


Montreal 100 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Vancouver 5 ◼ ◼

Washington DC

25 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼



52

Mixed Signals 2018


2

2

3

1

6

6

4

5

5

7

13

9

8

6

9

8

5

6

5

7

Washington DC WMATA

Toronto TTC

Boston MBTA

Chicago CTA

Montreal RTM

Los Angeles Metro

Houston Metro

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Toronto Metrolinx

Gender

Me

n

Wo

me

n

0

0

0

1

3

2

4

5

2

4

17

11

10

10

11

9

10

10

7

3

Montreal RTM

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Boston MBTA

Toronto Metrolinx

Toronto TTC

Los Angeles Metro

Washington DC WMATA

Houston Metro

Chicago CTA


IncreasedBalance

Wh

ite

BIP

OC

53

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



54

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



55

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



56

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC


Map Attributions











57

Mixed Signals 2018

copy 2018 CodeRedTO




Mixed Signals 2018


40

759

792

503

525

550

304

511

602



Boston MBTA (2017)


Chicago CTA (2017)

Toronto TTC (2017)

Montreal STM (2016)


$1177

$884

$681

$538

$318

$210

$212

$478




857mtrips

$210per trip

$18bbudget

Mixed Signals 2018

$475

$412

$337

$273

$237 $229

$175

$090

$116

$169$186 $190 $196 $190

$230

$308

$374




553000000rides



41

Mixed Signals 2018


Gas and Fuel Taxes

Parking Tax

Dev Charges

TollsPaid

ParkingVehicle

Tax

Land Transfer

Tax

Toronto ◼ ◼

Boston ◼ ◼

Chicago ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston ◼ ◼

Los Angeles ◼ ◼

Montreal ◼



Recommended by









Mixed Signals 2018





















43

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto

City of Toronto



ParkingBike Share



Council

Wheel-TransBus

StreetcarSubway

Province of Ontario

Metrolinx




PRESTO fare card

FutureLRT

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




44


Mixed Signals 2018

Boston

City of Boston

BikeShare



11 citizen members


MA



Commuter Rail


MBTA Fiscal and

MgmtControl Board

5 members appointed

by Governor

of MA

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




MBTA Advisory



45

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago













Card






Commuter Rail


Mayor of Chicago

Cook County Board

Cook County Board

President


Board Chairs

Divvy Bike Share

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes

Illinois




Mixed Signals 2018

Houston

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



Texas




METRO Service Area

City of Houston


Court


Service Area

47


Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles





Go

vern

or

of

Cal

ifo

rnia

May

or

of

Los

An

gele

s


87 Member Cities

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Commuter Rail





Ora

nge

Co

un

ty

Riv

ers

ide

Co

un

ty

San

Be

rnar

din

o C

ou

nty

Ve

ntu

ra C

ou

nty

Los Angeles County

48


Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



OPUS Fare Card






Commuter Rail







Co

mm

un

auteacute

meacutet

rop

olit

ain

ed

e M

on

treacutea

l

Agg

lom

eacuterat

ion

de

Lon

gueu

il

Vill

e d

e La

val

No

rth

Sh

ore

Sou

th S

ho

re



49


Mixed Signals 2018


Vancouver

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Cit

y o

f V

anco

uve

r




Screening Panel


Mayorsrsquo Council



BC

Min

iste

r o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n

Gre

ater

Van

cou

ver

Gat

eway

Co

un

cil

Ch

arte

red

Acc

ou

nta

nts

of

BC

Van

cou

ver

Bo

ard

of

Trad

e

50

Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Capital Bikeshare

Arl

ingt

on

Co

un

ty V

A

Ale

xan

dri

a V

A

Fair

fax

Co

un

ty V

A

Mo

ntg

om

ery

Co

un

ty M

D





No

rth

ern

Vir

gin

ia T

ran

spo

rtat

ion

C

om

mis

sio

n (

Vir

gin

ia)

Was

hin

gto

n S

ub

urb

an T

ran

sit

Co

mm

issi

on

(M

aryl

and

)

Un

ited

Sta

tes

Secr

etar

y o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n



51

Mixed Signals 2018


Local Core CityCity

Region County

Province State

Federal Govt





paid

Toronto 100 ◼ ◼

Boston 0 ◼

Chicago 31 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston 56 ◼ ◼


Montreal 100 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Vancouver 5 ◼ ◼

Washington DC

25 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼



52

Mixed Signals 2018


2

2

3

1

6

6

4

5

5

7

13

9

8

6

9

8

5

6

5

7

Washington DC WMATA

Toronto TTC

Boston MBTA

Chicago CTA

Montreal RTM

Los Angeles Metro

Houston Metro

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Toronto Metrolinx

Gender

Me

n

Wo

me

n

0

0

0

1

3

2

4

5

2

4

17

11

10

10

11

9

10

10

7

3

Montreal RTM

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Boston MBTA

Toronto Metrolinx

Toronto TTC

Los Angeles Metro

Washington DC WMATA

Houston Metro

Chicago CTA


IncreasedBalance

Wh

ite

BIP

OC

53

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



54

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



55

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



56

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC


Map Attributions











57

Mixed Signals 2018

copy 2018 CodeRedTO




Mixed Signals 2018

$475

$412

$337

$273

$237 $229

$175

$090

$116

$169$186 $190 $196 $190

$230

$308

$374




553000000rides



41

Mixed Signals 2018


Gas and Fuel Taxes

Parking Tax

Dev Charges

TollsPaid

ParkingVehicle

Tax

Land Transfer

Tax

Toronto ◼ ◼

Boston ◼ ◼

Chicago ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston ◼ ◼

Los Angeles ◼ ◼

Montreal ◼



Recommended by









Mixed Signals 2018





















43

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto

City of Toronto



ParkingBike Share



Council

Wheel-TransBus

StreetcarSubway

Province of Ontario

Metrolinx




PRESTO fare card

FutureLRT

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




44


Mixed Signals 2018

Boston

City of Boston

BikeShare



11 citizen members


MA



Commuter Rail


MBTA Fiscal and

MgmtControl Board

5 members appointed

by Governor

of MA

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




MBTA Advisory



45

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago













Card






Commuter Rail


Mayor of Chicago

Cook County Board

Cook County Board

President


Board Chairs

Divvy Bike Share

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes

Illinois




Mixed Signals 2018

Houston

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



Texas




METRO Service Area

City of Houston


Court


Service Area

47


Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles





Go

vern

or

of

Cal

ifo

rnia

May

or

of

Los

An

gele

s


87 Member Cities

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Commuter Rail





Ora

nge

Co

un

ty

Riv

ers

ide

Co

un

ty

San

Be

rnar

din

o C

ou

nty

Ve

ntu

ra C

ou

nty

Los Angeles County

48


Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



OPUS Fare Card






Commuter Rail







Co

mm

un

auteacute

meacutet

rop

olit

ain

ed

e M

on

treacutea

l

Agg

lom

eacuterat

ion

de

Lon

gueu

il

Vill

e d

e La

val

No

rth

Sh

ore

Sou

th S

ho

re



49


Mixed Signals 2018


Vancouver

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Cit

y o

f V

anco

uve

r




Screening Panel


Mayorsrsquo Council



BC

Min

iste

r o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n

Gre

ater

Van

cou

ver

Gat

eway

Co

un

cil

Ch

arte

red

Acc

ou

nta

nts

of

BC

Van

cou

ver

Bo

ard

of

Trad

e

50

Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Capital Bikeshare

Arl

ingt

on

Co

un

ty V

A

Ale

xan

dri

a V

A

Fair

fax

Co

un

ty V

A

Mo

ntg

om

ery

Co

un

ty M

D





No

rth

ern

Vir

gin

ia T

ran

spo

rtat

ion

C

om

mis

sio

n (

Vir

gin

ia)

Was

hin

gto

n S

ub

urb

an T

ran

sit

Co

mm

issi

on

(M

aryl

and

)

Un

ited

Sta

tes

Secr

etar

y o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n



51

Mixed Signals 2018


Local Core CityCity

Region County

Province State

Federal Govt





paid

Toronto 100 ◼ ◼

Boston 0 ◼

Chicago 31 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston 56 ◼ ◼


Montreal 100 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Vancouver 5 ◼ ◼

Washington DC

25 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼



52

Mixed Signals 2018


2

2

3

1

6

6

4

5

5

7

13

9

8

6

9

8

5

6

5

7

Washington DC WMATA

Toronto TTC

Boston MBTA

Chicago CTA

Montreal RTM

Los Angeles Metro

Houston Metro

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Toronto Metrolinx

Gender

Me

n

Wo

me

n

0

0

0

1

3

2

4

5

2

4

17

11

10

10

11

9

10

10

7

3

Montreal RTM

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Boston MBTA

Toronto Metrolinx

Toronto TTC

Los Angeles Metro

Washington DC WMATA

Houston Metro

Chicago CTA


IncreasedBalance

Wh

ite

BIP

OC

53

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



54

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



55

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



56

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC


Map Attributions











57

Mixed Signals 2018

copy 2018 CodeRedTO




Mixed Signals 2018


Gas and Fuel Taxes

Parking Tax

Dev Charges

TollsPaid

ParkingVehicle

Tax

Land Transfer

Tax

Toronto ◼ ◼

Boston ◼ ◼

Chicago ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston ◼ ◼

Los Angeles ◼ ◼

Montreal ◼



Recommended by









Mixed Signals 2018





















43

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto

City of Toronto



ParkingBike Share



Council

Wheel-TransBus

StreetcarSubway

Province of Ontario

Metrolinx




PRESTO fare card

FutureLRT

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




44


Mixed Signals 2018

Boston

City of Boston

BikeShare



11 citizen members


MA



Commuter Rail


MBTA Fiscal and

MgmtControl Board

5 members appointed

by Governor

of MA

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




MBTA Advisory



45

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago













Card






Commuter Rail


Mayor of Chicago

Cook County Board

Cook County Board

President


Board Chairs

Divvy Bike Share

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes

Illinois




Mixed Signals 2018

Houston

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



Texas




METRO Service Area

City of Houston


Court


Service Area

47


Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles





Go

vern

or

of

Cal

ifo

rnia

May

or

of

Los

An

gele

s


87 Member Cities

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Commuter Rail





Ora

nge

Co

un

ty

Riv

ers

ide

Co

un

ty

San

Be

rnar

din

o C

ou

nty

Ve

ntu

ra C

ou

nty

Los Angeles County

48


Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



OPUS Fare Card






Commuter Rail







Co

mm

un

auteacute

meacutet

rop

olit

ain

ed

e M

on

treacutea

l

Agg

lom

eacuterat

ion

de

Lon

gueu

il

Vill

e d

e La

val

No

rth

Sh

ore

Sou

th S

ho

re



49


Mixed Signals 2018


Vancouver

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Cit

y o

f V

anco

uve

r




Screening Panel


Mayorsrsquo Council



BC

Min

iste

r o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n

Gre

ater

Van

cou

ver

Gat

eway

Co

un

cil

Ch

arte

red

Acc

ou

nta

nts

of

BC

Van

cou

ver

Bo

ard

of

Trad

e

50

Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Capital Bikeshare

Arl

ingt

on

Co

un

ty V

A

Ale

xan

dri

a V

A

Fair

fax

Co

un

ty V

A

Mo

ntg

om

ery

Co

un

ty M

D





No

rth

ern

Vir

gin

ia T

ran

spo

rtat

ion

C

om

mis

sio

n (

Vir

gin

ia)

Was

hin

gto

n S

ub

urb

an T

ran

sit

Co

mm

issi

on

(M

aryl

and

)

Un

ited

Sta

tes

Secr

etar

y o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n



51

Mixed Signals 2018


Local Core CityCity

Region County

Province State

Federal Govt





paid

Toronto 100 ◼ ◼

Boston 0 ◼

Chicago 31 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston 56 ◼ ◼


Montreal 100 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Vancouver 5 ◼ ◼

Washington DC

25 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼



52

Mixed Signals 2018


2

2

3

1

6

6

4

5

5

7

13

9

8

6

9

8

5

6

5

7

Washington DC WMATA

Toronto TTC

Boston MBTA

Chicago CTA

Montreal RTM

Los Angeles Metro

Houston Metro

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Toronto Metrolinx

Gender

Me

n

Wo

me

n

0

0

0

1

3

2

4

5

2

4

17

11

10

10

11

9

10

10

7

3

Montreal RTM

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Boston MBTA

Toronto Metrolinx

Toronto TTC

Los Angeles Metro

Washington DC WMATA

Houston Metro

Chicago CTA


IncreasedBalance

Wh

ite

BIP

OC

53

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



54

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



55

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



56

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC


Map Attributions











57

Mixed Signals 2018

copy 2018 CodeRedTO




Mixed Signals 2018





















43

Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto

City of Toronto



ParkingBike Share



Council

Wheel-TransBus

StreetcarSubway

Province of Ontario

Metrolinx




PRESTO fare card

FutureLRT

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




44


Mixed Signals 2018

Boston

City of Boston

BikeShare



11 citizen members


MA



Commuter Rail


MBTA Fiscal and

MgmtControl Board

5 members appointed

by Governor

of MA

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




MBTA Advisory



45

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago













Card






Commuter Rail


Mayor of Chicago

Cook County Board

Cook County Board

President


Board Chairs

Divvy Bike Share

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes

Illinois




Mixed Signals 2018

Houston

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



Texas




METRO Service Area

City of Houston


Court


Service Area

47


Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles





Go

vern

or

of

Cal

ifo

rnia

May

or

of

Los

An

gele

s


87 Member Cities

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Commuter Rail





Ora

nge

Co

un

ty

Riv

ers

ide

Co

un

ty

San

Be

rnar

din

o C

ou

nty

Ve

ntu

ra C

ou

nty

Los Angeles County

48


Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



OPUS Fare Card






Commuter Rail







Co

mm

un

auteacute

meacutet

rop

olit

ain

ed

e M

on

treacutea

l

Agg

lom

eacuterat

ion

de

Lon

gueu

il

Vill

e d

e La

val

No

rth

Sh

ore

Sou

th S

ho

re



49


Mixed Signals 2018


Vancouver

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Cit

y o

f V

anco

uve

r




Screening Panel


Mayorsrsquo Council



BC

Min

iste

r o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n

Gre

ater

Van

cou

ver

Gat

eway

Co

un

cil

Ch

arte

red

Acc

ou

nta

nts

of

BC

Van

cou

ver

Bo

ard

of

Trad

e

50

Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Capital Bikeshare

Arl

ingt

on

Co

un

ty V

A

Ale

xan

dri

a V

A

Fair

fax

Co

un

ty V

A

Mo

ntg

om

ery

Co

un

ty M

D





No

rth

ern

Vir

gin

ia T

ran

spo

rtat

ion

C

om

mis

sio

n (

Vir

gin

ia)

Was

hin

gto

n S

ub

urb

an T

ran

sit

Co

mm

issi

on

(M

aryl

and

)

Un

ited

Sta

tes

Secr

etar

y o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n



51

Mixed Signals 2018


Local Core CityCity

Region County

Province State

Federal Govt





paid

Toronto 100 ◼ ◼

Boston 0 ◼

Chicago 31 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston 56 ◼ ◼


Montreal 100 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Vancouver 5 ◼ ◼

Washington DC

25 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼



52

Mixed Signals 2018


2

2

3

1

6

6

4

5

5

7

13

9

8

6

9

8

5

6

5

7

Washington DC WMATA

Toronto TTC

Boston MBTA

Chicago CTA

Montreal RTM

Los Angeles Metro

Houston Metro

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Toronto Metrolinx

Gender

Me

n

Wo

me

n

0

0

0

1

3

2

4

5

2

4

17

11

10

10

11

9

10

10

7

3

Montreal RTM

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Boston MBTA

Toronto Metrolinx

Toronto TTC

Los Angeles Metro

Washington DC WMATA

Houston Metro

Chicago CTA


IncreasedBalance

Wh

ite

BIP

OC

53

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



54

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



55

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



56

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC


Map Attributions











57

Mixed Signals 2018

copy 2018 CodeRedTO




Mixed Signals 2018

Toronto

City of Toronto



ParkingBike Share



Council

Wheel-TransBus

StreetcarSubway

Province of Ontario

Metrolinx




PRESTO fare card

FutureLRT

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




44


Mixed Signals 2018

Boston

City of Boston

BikeShare



11 citizen members


MA



Commuter Rail


MBTA Fiscal and

MgmtControl Board

5 members appointed

by Governor

of MA

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




MBTA Advisory



45

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago













Card






Commuter Rail


Mayor of Chicago

Cook County Board

Cook County Board

President


Board Chairs

Divvy Bike Share

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes

Illinois




Mixed Signals 2018

Houston

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



Texas




METRO Service Area

City of Houston


Court


Service Area

47


Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles





Go

vern

or

of

Cal

ifo

rnia

May

or

of

Los

An

gele

s


87 Member Cities

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Commuter Rail





Ora

nge

Co

un

ty

Riv

ers

ide

Co

un

ty

San

Be

rnar

din

o C

ou

nty

Ve

ntu

ra C

ou

nty

Los Angeles County

48


Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



OPUS Fare Card






Commuter Rail







Co

mm

un

auteacute

meacutet

rop

olit

ain

ed

e M

on

treacutea

l

Agg

lom

eacuterat

ion

de

Lon

gueu

il

Vill

e d

e La

val

No

rth

Sh

ore

Sou

th S

ho

re



49


Mixed Signals 2018


Vancouver

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Cit

y o

f V

anco

uve

r




Screening Panel


Mayorsrsquo Council



BC

Min

iste

r o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n

Gre

ater

Van

cou

ver

Gat

eway

Co

un

cil

Ch

arte

red

Acc

ou

nta

nts

of

BC

Van

cou

ver

Bo

ard

of

Trad

e

50

Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Capital Bikeshare

Arl

ingt

on

Co

un

ty V

A

Ale

xan

dri

a V

A

Fair

fax

Co

un

ty V

A

Mo

ntg

om

ery

Co

un

ty M

D





No

rth

ern

Vir

gin

ia T

ran

spo

rtat

ion

C

om

mis

sio

n (

Vir

gin

ia)

Was

hin

gto

n S

ub

urb

an T

ran

sit

Co

mm

issi

on

(M

aryl

and

)

Un

ited

Sta

tes

Secr

etar

y o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n



51

Mixed Signals 2018


Local Core CityCity

Region County

Province State

Federal Govt





paid

Toronto 100 ◼ ◼

Boston 0 ◼

Chicago 31 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston 56 ◼ ◼


Montreal 100 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Vancouver 5 ◼ ◼

Washington DC

25 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼



52

Mixed Signals 2018


2

2

3

1

6

6

4

5

5

7

13

9

8

6

9

8

5

6

5

7

Washington DC WMATA

Toronto TTC

Boston MBTA

Chicago CTA

Montreal RTM

Los Angeles Metro

Houston Metro

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Toronto Metrolinx

Gender

Me

n

Wo

me

n

0

0

0

1

3

2

4

5

2

4

17

11

10

10

11

9

10

10

7

3

Montreal RTM

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Boston MBTA

Toronto Metrolinx

Toronto TTC

Los Angeles Metro

Washington DC WMATA

Houston Metro

Chicago CTA


IncreasedBalance

Wh

ite

BIP

OC

53

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



54

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



55

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



56

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC


Map Attributions











57

Mixed Signals 2018

copy 2018 CodeRedTO




Mixed Signals 2018

Boston

City of Boston

BikeShare



11 citizen members


MA



Commuter Rail


MBTA Fiscal and

MgmtControl Board

5 members appointed

by Governor

of MA

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes




MBTA Advisory



45

Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago













Card






Commuter Rail


Mayor of Chicago

Cook County Board

Cook County Board

President


Board Chairs

Divvy Bike Share

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes

Illinois




Mixed Signals 2018

Houston

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



Texas




METRO Service Area

City of Houston


Court


Service Area

47


Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles





Go

vern

or

of

Cal

ifo

rnia

May

or

of

Los

An

gele

s


87 Member Cities

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Commuter Rail





Ora

nge

Co

un

ty

Riv

ers

ide

Co

un

ty

San

Be

rnar

din

o C

ou

nty

Ve

ntu

ra C

ou

nty

Los Angeles County

48


Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



OPUS Fare Card






Commuter Rail







Co

mm

un

auteacute

meacutet

rop

olit

ain

ed

e M

on

treacutea

l

Agg

lom

eacuterat

ion

de

Lon

gueu

il

Vill

e d

e La

val

No

rth

Sh

ore

Sou

th S

ho

re



49


Mixed Signals 2018


Vancouver

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Cit

y o

f V

anco

uve

r




Screening Panel


Mayorsrsquo Council



BC

Min

iste

r o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n

Gre

ater

Van

cou

ver

Gat

eway

Co

un

cil

Ch

arte

red

Acc

ou

nta

nts

of

BC

Van

cou

ver

Bo

ard

of

Trad

e

50

Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Capital Bikeshare

Arl

ingt

on

Co

un

ty V

A

Ale

xan

dri

a V

A

Fair

fax

Co

un

ty V

A

Mo

ntg

om

ery

Co

un

ty M

D





No

rth

ern

Vir

gin

ia T

ran

spo

rtat

ion

C

om

mis

sio

n (

Vir

gin

ia)

Was

hin

gto

n S

ub

urb

an T

ran

sit

Co

mm

issi

on

(M

aryl

and

)

Un

ited

Sta

tes

Secr

etar

y o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n



51

Mixed Signals 2018


Local Core CityCity

Region County

Province State

Federal Govt





paid

Toronto 100 ◼ ◼

Boston 0 ◼

Chicago 31 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston 56 ◼ ◼


Montreal 100 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Vancouver 5 ◼ ◼

Washington DC

25 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼



52

Mixed Signals 2018


2

2

3

1

6

6

4

5

5

7

13

9

8

6

9

8

5

6

5

7

Washington DC WMATA

Toronto TTC

Boston MBTA

Chicago CTA

Montreal RTM

Los Angeles Metro

Houston Metro

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Toronto Metrolinx

Gender

Me

n

Wo

me

n

0

0

0

1

3

2

4

5

2

4

17

11

10

10

11

9

10

10

7

3

Montreal RTM

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Boston MBTA

Toronto Metrolinx

Toronto TTC

Los Angeles Metro

Washington DC WMATA

Houston Metro

Chicago CTA


IncreasedBalance

Wh

ite

BIP

OC

53

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



54

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



55

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



56

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC


Map Attributions











57

Mixed Signals 2018

copy 2018 CodeRedTO




Mixed Signals 2018

Chicago













Card






Commuter Rail


Mayor of Chicago

Cook County Board

Cook County Board

President


Board Chairs

Divvy Bike Share

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes

Illinois




Mixed Signals 2018

Houston

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



Texas




METRO Service Area

City of Houston


Court


Service Area

47


Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles





Go

vern

or

of

Cal

ifo

rnia

May

or

of

Los

An

gele

s


87 Member Cities

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Commuter Rail





Ora

nge

Co

un

ty

Riv

ers

ide

Co

un

ty

San

Be

rnar

din

o C

ou

nty

Ve

ntu

ra C

ou

nty

Los Angeles County

48


Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



OPUS Fare Card






Commuter Rail







Co

mm

un

auteacute

meacutet

rop

olit

ain

ed

e M

on

treacutea

l

Agg

lom

eacuterat

ion

de

Lon

gueu

il

Vill

e d

e La

val

No

rth

Sh

ore

Sou

th S

ho

re



49


Mixed Signals 2018


Vancouver

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Cit

y o

f V

anco

uve

r




Screening Panel


Mayorsrsquo Council



BC

Min

iste

r o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n

Gre

ater

Van

cou

ver

Gat

eway

Co

un

cil

Ch

arte

red

Acc

ou

nta

nts

of

BC

Van

cou

ver

Bo

ard

of

Trad

e

50

Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Capital Bikeshare

Arl

ingt

on

Co

un

ty V

A

Ale

xan

dri

a V

A

Fair

fax

Co

un

ty V

A

Mo

ntg

om

ery

Co

un

ty M

D





No

rth

ern

Vir

gin

ia T

ran

spo

rtat

ion

C

om

mis

sio

n (

Vir

gin

ia)

Was

hin

gto

n S

ub

urb

an T

ran

sit

Co

mm

issi

on

(M

aryl

and

)

Un

ited

Sta

tes

Secr

etar

y o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n



51

Mixed Signals 2018


Local Core CityCity

Region County

Province State

Federal Govt





paid

Toronto 100 ◼ ◼

Boston 0 ◼

Chicago 31 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston 56 ◼ ◼


Montreal 100 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Vancouver 5 ◼ ◼

Washington DC

25 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼



52

Mixed Signals 2018


2

2

3

1

6

6

4

5

5

7

13

9

8

6

9

8

5

6

5

7

Washington DC WMATA

Toronto TTC

Boston MBTA

Chicago CTA

Montreal RTM

Los Angeles Metro

Houston Metro

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Toronto Metrolinx

Gender

Me

n

Wo

me

n

0

0

0

1

3

2

4

5

2

4

17

11

10

10

11

9

10

10

7

3

Montreal RTM

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Boston MBTA

Toronto Metrolinx

Toronto TTC

Los Angeles Metro

Washington DC WMATA

Houston Metro

Chicago CTA


IncreasedBalance

Wh

ite

BIP

OC

53

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



54

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



55

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



56

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC


Map Attributions











57

Mixed Signals 2018

copy 2018 CodeRedTO




Mixed Signals 2018

Houston

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



Texas




METRO Service Area

City of Houston


Court


Service Area

47


Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles





Go

vern

or

of

Cal

ifo

rnia

May

or

of

Los

An

gele

s


87 Member Cities

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Commuter Rail





Ora

nge

Co

un

ty

Riv

ers

ide

Co

un

ty

San

Be

rnar

din

o C

ou

nty

Ve

ntu

ra C

ou

nty

Los Angeles County

48


Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



OPUS Fare Card






Commuter Rail







Co

mm

un

auteacute

meacutet

rop

olit

ain

ed

e M

on

treacutea

l

Agg

lom

eacuterat

ion

de

Lon

gueu

il

Vill

e d

e La

val

No

rth

Sh

ore

Sou

th S

ho

re



49


Mixed Signals 2018


Vancouver

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Cit

y o

f V

anco

uve

r




Screening Panel


Mayorsrsquo Council



BC

Min

iste

r o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n

Gre

ater

Van

cou

ver

Gat

eway

Co

un

cil

Ch

arte

red

Acc

ou

nta

nts

of

BC

Van

cou

ver

Bo

ard

of

Trad

e

50

Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Capital Bikeshare

Arl

ingt

on

Co

un

ty V

A

Ale

xan

dri

a V

A

Fair

fax

Co

un

ty V

A

Mo

ntg

om

ery

Co

un

ty M

D





No

rth

ern

Vir

gin

ia T

ran

spo

rtat

ion

C

om

mis

sio

n (

Vir

gin

ia)

Was

hin

gto

n S

ub

urb

an T

ran

sit

Co

mm

issi

on

(M

aryl

and

)

Un

ited

Sta

tes

Secr

etar

y o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n



51

Mixed Signals 2018


Local Core CityCity

Region County

Province State

Federal Govt





paid

Toronto 100 ◼ ◼

Boston 0 ◼

Chicago 31 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston 56 ◼ ◼


Montreal 100 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Vancouver 5 ◼ ◼

Washington DC

25 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼



52

Mixed Signals 2018


2

2

3

1

6

6

4

5

5

7

13

9

8

6

9

8

5

6

5

7

Washington DC WMATA

Toronto TTC

Boston MBTA

Chicago CTA

Montreal RTM

Los Angeles Metro

Houston Metro

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Toronto Metrolinx

Gender

Me

n

Wo

me

n

0

0

0

1

3

2

4

5

2

4

17

11

10

10

11

9

10

10

7

3

Montreal RTM

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Boston MBTA

Toronto Metrolinx

Toronto TTC

Los Angeles Metro

Washington DC WMATA

Houston Metro

Chicago CTA


IncreasedBalance

Wh

ite

BIP

OC

53

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



54

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



55

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



56

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC


Map Attributions











57

Mixed Signals 2018

copy 2018 CodeRedTO




Mixed Signals 2018

Los Angeles





Go

vern

or

of

Cal

ifo

rnia

May

or

of

Los

An

gele

s


87 Member Cities

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Commuter Rail





Ora

nge

Co

un

ty

Riv

ers

ide

Co

un

ty

San

Be

rnar

din

o C

ou

nty

Ve

ntu

ra C

ou

nty

Los Angeles County

48


Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



OPUS Fare Card






Commuter Rail







Co

mm

un

auteacute

meacutet

rop

olit

ain

ed

e M

on

treacutea

l

Agg

lom

eacuterat

ion

de

Lon

gueu

il

Vill

e d

e La

val

No

rth

Sh

ore

Sou

th S

ho

re



49


Mixed Signals 2018


Vancouver

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Cit

y o

f V

anco

uve

r




Screening Panel


Mayorsrsquo Council



BC

Min

iste

r o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n

Gre

ater

Van

cou

ver

Gat

eway

Co

un

cil

Ch

arte

red

Acc

ou

nta

nts

of

BC

Van

cou

ver

Bo

ard

of

Trad

e

50

Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Capital Bikeshare

Arl

ingt

on

Co

un

ty V

A

Ale

xan

dri

a V

A

Fair

fax

Co

un

ty V

A

Mo

ntg

om

ery

Co

un

ty M

D





No

rth

ern

Vir

gin

ia T

ran

spo

rtat

ion

C

om

mis

sio

n (

Vir

gin

ia)

Was

hin

gto

n S

ub

urb

an T

ran

sit

Co

mm

issi

on

(M

aryl

and

)

Un

ited

Sta

tes

Secr

etar

y o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n



51

Mixed Signals 2018


Local Core CityCity

Region County

Province State

Federal Govt





paid

Toronto 100 ◼ ◼

Boston 0 ◼

Chicago 31 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston 56 ◼ ◼


Montreal 100 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Vancouver 5 ◼ ◼

Washington DC

25 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼



52

Mixed Signals 2018


2

2

3

1

6

6

4

5

5

7

13

9

8

6

9

8

5

6

5

7

Washington DC WMATA

Toronto TTC

Boston MBTA

Chicago CTA

Montreal RTM

Los Angeles Metro

Houston Metro

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Toronto Metrolinx

Gender

Me

n

Wo

me

n

0

0

0

1

3

2

4

5

2

4

17

11

10

10

11

9

10

10

7

3

Montreal RTM

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Boston MBTA

Toronto Metrolinx

Toronto TTC

Los Angeles Metro

Washington DC WMATA

Houston Metro

Chicago CTA


IncreasedBalance

Wh

ite

BIP

OC

53

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



54

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



55

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



56

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC


Map Attributions











57

Mixed Signals 2018

copy 2018 CodeRedTO




Mixed Signals 2018

Montreal

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes



OPUS Fare Card






Commuter Rail







Co

mm

un

auteacute

meacutet

rop

olit

ain

ed

e M

on

treacutea

l

Agg

lom

eacuterat

ion

de

Lon

gueu

il

Vill

e d

e La

val

No

rth

Sh

ore

Sou

th S

ho

re



49


Mixed Signals 2018


Vancouver

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Cit

y o

f V

anco

uve

r




Screening Panel


Mayorsrsquo Council



BC

Min

iste

r o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n

Gre

ater

Van

cou

ver

Gat

eway

Co

un

cil

Ch

arte

red

Acc

ou

nta

nts

of

BC

Van

cou

ver

Bo

ard

of

Trad

e

50

Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Capital Bikeshare

Arl

ingt

on

Co

un

ty V

A

Ale

xan

dri

a V

A

Fair

fax

Co

un

ty V

A

Mo

ntg

om

ery

Co

un

ty M

D





No

rth

ern

Vir

gin

ia T

ran

spo

rtat

ion

C

om

mis

sio

n (

Vir

gin

ia)

Was

hin

gto

n S

ub

urb

an T

ran

sit

Co

mm

issi

on

(M

aryl

and

)

Un

ited

Sta

tes

Secr

etar

y o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n



51

Mixed Signals 2018


Local Core CityCity

Region County

Province State

Federal Govt





paid

Toronto 100 ◼ ◼

Boston 0 ◼

Chicago 31 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston 56 ◼ ◼


Montreal 100 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Vancouver 5 ◼ ◼

Washington DC

25 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼



52

Mixed Signals 2018


2

2

3

1

6

6

4

5

5

7

13

9

8

6

9

8

5

6

5

7

Washington DC WMATA

Toronto TTC

Boston MBTA

Chicago CTA

Montreal RTM

Los Angeles Metro

Houston Metro

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Toronto Metrolinx

Gender

Me

n

Wo

me

n

0

0

0

1

3

2

4

5

2

4

17

11

10

10

11

9

10

10

7

3

Montreal RTM

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Boston MBTA

Toronto Metrolinx

Toronto TTC

Los Angeles Metro

Washington DC WMATA

Houston Metro

Chicago CTA


IncreasedBalance

Wh

ite

BIP

OC

53

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



54

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



55

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



56

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC


Map Attributions











57

Mixed Signals 2018

copy 2018 CodeRedTO




Mixed Signals 2018


Vancouver

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Cit

y o

f V

anco

uve

r




Screening Panel


Mayorsrsquo Council



BC

Min

iste

r o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n

Gre

ater

Van

cou

ver

Gat

eway

Co

un

cil

Ch

arte

red

Acc

ou

nta

nts

of

BC

Van

cou

ver

Bo

ard

of

Trad

e

50

Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Capital Bikeshare

Arl

ingt

on

Co

un

ty V

A

Ale

xan

dri

a V

A

Fair

fax

Co

un

ty V

A

Mo

ntg

om

ery

Co

un

ty M

D





No

rth

ern

Vir

gin

ia T

ran

spo

rtat

ion

C

om

mis

sio

n (

Vir

gin

ia)

Was

hin

gto

n S

ub

urb

an T

ran

sit

Co

mm

issi

on

(M

aryl

and

)

Un

ited

Sta

tes

Secr

etar

y o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n



51

Mixed Signals 2018


Local Core CityCity

Region County

Province State

Federal Govt





paid

Toronto 100 ◼ ◼

Boston 0 ◼

Chicago 31 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston 56 ◼ ◼


Montreal 100 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Vancouver 5 ◼ ◼

Washington DC

25 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼



52

Mixed Signals 2018


2

2

3

1

6

6

4

5

5

7

13

9

8

6

9

8

5

6

5

7

Washington DC WMATA

Toronto TTC

Boston MBTA

Chicago CTA

Montreal RTM

Los Angeles Metro

Houston Metro

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Toronto Metrolinx

Gender

Me

n

Wo

me

n

0

0

0

1

3

2

4

5

2

4

17

11

10

10

11

9

10

10

7

3

Montreal RTM

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Boston MBTA

Toronto Metrolinx

Toronto TTC

Los Angeles Metro

Washington DC WMATA

Houston Metro

Chicago CTA


IncreasedBalance

Wh

ite

BIP

OC

53

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



54

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



55

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



56

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC


Map Attributions











57

Mixed Signals 2018

copy 2018 CodeRedTO




Mixed Signals 2018

Washington DC

Jurisdiction

sBoards

Modes


Bike Share

Capital Bikeshare

Arl

ingt

on

Co

un

ty V

A

Ale

xan

dri

a V

A

Fair

fax

Co

un

ty V

A

Mo

ntg

om

ery

Co

un

ty M

D





No

rth

ern

Vir

gin

ia T

ran

spo

rtat

ion

C

om

mis

sio

n (

Vir

gin

ia)

Was

hin

gto

n S

ub

urb

an T

ran

sit

Co

mm

issi

on

(M

aryl

and

)

Un

ited

Sta

tes

Secr

etar

y o

f Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n



51

Mixed Signals 2018


Local Core CityCity

Region County

Province State

Federal Govt





paid

Toronto 100 ◼ ◼

Boston 0 ◼

Chicago 31 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston 56 ◼ ◼


Montreal 100 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Vancouver 5 ◼ ◼

Washington DC

25 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼



52

Mixed Signals 2018


2

2

3

1

6

6

4

5

5

7

13

9

8

6

9

8

5

6

5

7

Washington DC WMATA

Toronto TTC

Boston MBTA

Chicago CTA

Montreal RTM

Los Angeles Metro

Houston Metro

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Toronto Metrolinx

Gender

Me

n

Wo

me

n

0

0

0

1

3

2

4

5

2

4

17

11

10

10

11

9

10

10

7

3

Montreal RTM

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Boston MBTA

Toronto Metrolinx

Toronto TTC

Los Angeles Metro

Washington DC WMATA

Houston Metro

Chicago CTA


IncreasedBalance

Wh

ite

BIP

OC

53

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



54

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



55

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



56

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC


Map Attributions











57

Mixed Signals 2018

copy 2018 CodeRedTO




Mixed Signals 2018


Local Core CityCity

Region County

Province State

Federal Govt





paid

Toronto 100 ◼ ◼

Boston 0 ◼

Chicago 31 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Houston 56 ◼ ◼


Montreal 100 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Vancouver 5 ◼ ◼

Washington DC

25 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼



52

Mixed Signals 2018


2

2

3

1

6

6

4

5

5

7

13

9

8

6

9

8

5

6

5

7

Washington DC WMATA

Toronto TTC

Boston MBTA

Chicago CTA

Montreal RTM

Los Angeles Metro

Houston Metro

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Toronto Metrolinx

Gender

Me

n

Wo

me

n

0

0

0

1

3

2

4

5

2

4

17

11

10

10

11

9

10

10

7

3

Montreal RTM

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Boston MBTA

Toronto Metrolinx

Toronto TTC

Los Angeles Metro

Washington DC WMATA

Houston Metro

Chicago CTA


IncreasedBalance

Wh

ite

BIP

OC

53

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



54

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



55

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



56

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC


Map Attributions











57

Mixed Signals 2018

copy 2018 CodeRedTO




Mixed Signals 2018


2

2

3

1

6

6

4

5

5

7

13

9

8

6

9

8

5

6

5

7

Washington DC WMATA

Toronto TTC

Boston MBTA

Chicago CTA

Montreal RTM

Los Angeles Metro

Houston Metro

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Toronto Metrolinx

Gender

Me

n

Wo

me

n

0

0

0

1

3

2

4

5

2

4

17

11

10

10

11

9

10

10

7

3

Montreal RTM

Vancouver Translink

Montreal STM

Boston MBTA

Toronto Metrolinx

Toronto TTC

Los Angeles Metro

Washington DC WMATA

Houston Metro

Chicago CTA


IncreasedBalance

Wh

ite

BIP

OC

53

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



54

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



55

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



56

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC


Map Attributions











57

Mixed Signals 2018

copy 2018 CodeRedTO




Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



54

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



55

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



56

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC


Map Attributions











57

Mixed Signals 2018

copy 2018 CodeRedTO




Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



55

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



56

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC


Map Attributions











57

Mixed Signals 2018

copy 2018 CodeRedTO




Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC



56

Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC


Map Attributions











57

Mixed Signals 2018

copy 2018 CodeRedTO




Mixed Signals 2018










Washington DC


Map Attributions











57

Mixed Signals 2018

copy 2018 CodeRedTO




Mixed Signals 2018

copy 2018 CodeRedTO




Mixed Signals - CodeRedTO€¦ · Transfer Rules Free transfers up to two hours in any direction...

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Transcript of Mixed Signals - CodeRedTO€¦ · Transfer Rules Free transfers up to two hours in any direction...