Mitosis/Meiosis
description
Transcript of Mitosis/Meiosis
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Mitosis/Meiosis How do your cells divide?
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A few words before we start…..
Haploid:
Diploid:
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A Cell’s Life
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Cell Reproduction
is either sexual or asexual
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Asexual Reproduction(one parent)
Binary Fission-
Budding
Vegetative Propagation
Regeneration
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Advantages of Asexual Reproduction
Speed
Desirable Characteristics
Replacement
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DNA Replication
Before a cell can divide the
DNA must replicate (make a copy
of itself)
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DNA Replication
Making a new strand of DNA is actually quite easy.
Replication occurs in 3 easy steps…
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1. DNA Unzips
An enzyme unzips the molecule
The enzymes breaks the hydrogen bonds that hold the nitrogen bases together.
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DNA Replication DNA Unzips
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DNA Replication DNA Unzips
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DNA Replication DNA Unzips
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DNA Replication DNA Unzips
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DNA Replication DNA Unzips
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DNA Replication DNA Unzips
Left Strandof Original DNA
Right Strandof Original DNA
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2. Base Pairing
Complementary bases match with each DNA strand in the open helix
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Left StrandOriginal DNA
Right StrandOriginal DNA
DNA Replication Base Pairing
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Left StrandOriginal DNA
Right StrandOriginal DNANew Right
DNA Strand
DNA Replication Base Pairing
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Left StrandOriginal DNA
Right StrandOriginal DNANew Right
DNA Strand
DNA Replication Base Pairing
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Left StrandOriginal DNA
Right StrandOriginal DNANew Right
DNA Strand
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DNA Replication Base Pairing
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Left StrandOriginal DNA
Right StrandOriginal DNANew Right
DNA Strand
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New LeftDNA Strand
DNA Replication Base Pairing
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Left StrandOriginal DNA
Right StrandOriginal DNANew Right
DNA StrandNew LeftDNA Strand
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DNA Replication Base Pairing
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Left StrandOriginal DNA
Right StrandOriginal DNANew Right
DNA StrandNew LeftDNA Strand
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DNA Replication Base Pairing
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3. DNA Zips Up
An enzyme zips the new molecules back up.
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DNA Replication
Voila!Two identical strands of DNA!
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DNA Replication Review
Step 1 Step 2 Step 3
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Remember - All this takes place in INTERPHASE
G2
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Now that DNA has replicated, we are ready to begin Mitosis (nucleusof the cell divides)
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Parent Cell
DNA condenses into chromosomes
Chromosomes align on the equator
Chromosomes separate
DNA uncoils
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Cytokinesis
Cleavage (indention in cell membrane) or cell plate formation occurs.
Cell divides.
Animal Cell Plant Cell
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Mitosis Animation
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It’s all about the chromosomes!– There are 46 in human body
cells– The number of chromosomes
remain constant during Mitosis
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Which Cells Go Through Mitosis?
Growth
Repair
Work
Cells which help the body in:
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Mitosis Review 1. Is the beginning parent
cell diploid or haploid (2n or n)?
2. Are the daughter cells diploid or haploid (2n or n)?
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More Mitosis Review
3. How many daughter cells are produced?4. Are the resulting daughter cells different from the parent cell?
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5. Are the resulting daughter cells different from each other?
6. How many chromosomes are in a human parent cell?7. How many chromosomes are in a human daughter cell?
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More Mitosis Review
8.What types of cells are produced by mitosis?
9. Why (when) does a cell go through mitosis?
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Meiosis
Sexual Reproduction (two parents)
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Why Meiosis?Meiosis -
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How does Meiosis Occur?
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Crossing Over
What is happening?How does this affect the
individual (offspring)?
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Crossing Over
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Meiosis Review1. Is the beginning parent cell
diploid or haploid (2n or n)?2. Are the resulting daughter
cells diploid or haploid (2n or n)?
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3. How many daughter cells are produced?
4.Are the resulting daughter cells different
from the parent cell?
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More Meiosis Review5. Are the resulting daughter cells
different from each other?
7. How many chromosomes are in a human daughter cell?
6. How many chromosomes are in a human parent cell?
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More Meiosis Review8. What types of cells are produced by meiosis?
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Fertilization
New Individual46
Mom
23
Dad
23
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This is how new organisms are made!!
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Let’s reviewMitosis & Meiosis
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Mitosis vs. Meiosis
Event Mitosis Meiosis
Produces 4 cells
Produces 2 cells
New cells identical
New cells different
New cells have the same number of chromosomes as parentNew cells have fewer chromosomes than parent
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Mitosis vs. Meiosis
Event Mitosis Meiosis
Beginning cells diploid (2n)Beginning cells haploid (n)Ending cells diploid (2n)Ending cells haploid (n)Produces egg and spermProduces body cells
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