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IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development| Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2020 | ISSN (online): 2321-0613
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Mitigation of Source Current Harmonics with Shunt Active Power Line
Conditioner in Distribution System
Pujari Anusha
Assistant Professor
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering
G. Pullaiah College of Engineering and Technology, Kurnool, A.P. India
Abstract— In a power framework, the source flows are
influenced by the harmonics, which are introduced due with
non-linearity or unbalance of loads. To relieve these
harmonics custom power gadgets can be utilized. D-
STATCOM is about as a shunt dynamic electrical power
conditioner for power quality improvement, for example,
current harmonics, Power factor control and reactive power
compensation. This article introduces an active shunt power
filter that decreases present harmonics and compares the
efficiency of the standard PI controller with the intelligent controller. It is noted that the efficiency of the shunt active
power filter is superior with the use of the active-reactive
energy theory using the fuzzy logic controller for indirect
present control. The general performance is simulated with
the MATLAB / SIMULINK simulation software.
Keywords: Hysteresis current controller (HCC), real and
reactive power controller (P-Q), Renewable energy sources
(RES), Distribution static synchronous compensator (D-
STATCOM), Shunt active power line conditioner (SAPLC)
I. INTRODUCTION
Connection of the traditional electrical utility networks with
renewable energy sources like PV, wind, diesel engine, fuel
cell etc., has bring a series of new challenges to PQ. The
major research topic in the power distribution system is to
improve the PQ. For mitigating, eliminating or reducing
these effects, active and passive filters are used. Passive
energy filters (PPF) have many disadvantages, such as their
failure to compensate for random harmonic present
variation; they are intended solely for a particular frequency and the chance of point of common coupling (PCC)
resonance, tuning issues and filter overload. The other
drawback of PPFs is that bulky components are the sizes of
the necessary components. The effectiveness of renewable
power systems is enhanced by many study attempts. APFs
have become the most efficient solution to eliminate
harmonic emissions in energy systems and have attracted a
great deal of attention due to their benefits (i) Capability to
offset variable currents at random. (ii) Good monitoring and
rapid response to system differences. (iii) High precision of
control. APFs therefore appear to be a feasible solution for managing issues associated with harmonics. In practice, the
APF injects compensation currents at the PCC into the AC
lines equal but inverse directional distortion as well as
absorbing or producing reactive power, eliminating
unwanted harmonics and compensating for the reactive
power of the linked load. And for the control system
nowadays, the fuzzy interface scheme is regarded a
dominant part to replace other controllers like this. Fuzzy
controller replaces the binary system due to its output
method. This affects the use of the fuzzy system to decrease
harmonics and unbalance and reactive power compensation
in a power filter control. The primary goal of the work is to
explore the Shunt Active Power Filter (SAPF) under
nonlinear load conditions and unbalanced load situation
using Fuzzy Controller's hysteresis present controller with
control algorithm based on "The Instant Active and Reactive
Power Theory (The P-q Theory)" which operates under a
closed loop control scheme. The primary goals of the work
are to compensate existing harmonics for both non-linear
load and unbalanced load in the Power System, compensate
Reactive Power and improve the Power Factor.
II. SOLAR PV CELL
The cell also has on top of the silicon an anti-reflective
coating to maximize the use of photons that hit the cell.
Silver conductor strips for transfer of energy, joined by glass
at the top of the cell to protect against the components. The
lowest recorded efficiency for terrestrial solar cells today is
around 28%, which is comparatively small; however, Shockley and Quissier indicated a single silicon cell's peak
efficiency is only 31%. The single-diode model equivalent
circuit shown in Fig.1 and Single-cell equivalent circuit. A
solar cell's single diode model has present parallel source
with an inverted diode along with a series and parallel
resistance. The series resistance is due to obstruction in the
path of flow of electrons from n-p intersection and leakge
current causes parallel resistance. A PV modules
performance characteristics on the PV modules solar
insulation, cell temparetur and output voltage. Eq. (1)-(6).
Fig. 2: Equivalent circuit diagram of PV cell [1]
Equations to solar PV cell circuit
I = IPh − ID − ISh (1)
Iph = Iscr + k ∗ (T − Tr) ∗𝑆
100 (2)
ID = Io ∗ exp (q∗v
k∗T−1) (3)
Io = Irr ∗ (T
Tr)
3
∗ e(
q∗Eg
k∗A∗
1
Tr−
1
T) (4)
I = NP ∗ IPh − NP ∗ Io ∗ e(
q
k∗T∗A∗
V
NS−1)
(5)
V = [log (NP∗IPh−I
NP∗Io) + 1] ∗ [
K∗T∗A∗NS
q] (6)
Where, Iph = light generated current, ID = Diode
saturation current, Irs = Reverse saturation current, Ipv =
Output current of PV-cell.
Mitigation of Source Current Harmonics with Shunt Active Power Line Conditioner in Distribution System
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III. INTELLIGENT COLTROLLER
Fuzzy logic control is based on fuzzy set theory; launched in
1965 by Zadeh. The transition between membership and
non-membership function is in the fuzzy set theory notion.
Limits or borders of fuzzy sets are therefore undefined and
ambiguous but helpful in the design of approximating
schemes. To introduce an active power line conditioner's
intelligent control algorithm in a closed loop, The voltage of
the dc-link condenser is felt and compared to the required
reference value. The error signal (e(v) Vdc ref Vdc) moves
through a low pass filter from Butterworth which enables only the basic element. As shown in figure, the voltage error
signal e(n) and the error signal shift ce(n) are used as inputs
for blurred processing. The output of the fluid logic
controller estimates the maximum reference current Imax
magnitude
Fig. 3.1: Schematic diagram of the intelligent controller.
Fig. 3.2: (a) Variables of input e (n), ce (n) and (b) Output
variable Imax
The Rule base stores the linguistic (fuzzy) control
rules required by the rule evaluator (decision making logic),
and the 49-rules used are shown in Table.
Table 3.1: Rule base table using 25-rules
IV. SIMULATION RESULTS AND OUTPUTS
Fig. 4: Simulation diagram for SAPLC with PV system using PI controller.
Fig. 4.1: (a) Output waveform for source current with PV
system using PI controller.
Fig. 4.1: (b) Filter current output waveform using PV with
PI.
Fig. 4.1:(c) Reactive power output waveform using PV with
PI.
Mitigation of Source Current Harmonics with Shunt Active Power Line Conditioner in Distribution System
(IJSRD/Vol. 8/Issue 2/2020/013)
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Fig. 4.1: (d) power factor output waveform using PV with
PI.
Fig. 4.1: (e) THD calculation for source current.
The above simulink model of PV system with
SAPLC using PI controller calculating the THD values and
reactive power compensation, power factor. Uing pi
controller with Pv system the thd value is 5.11% to reduce
the THD values using fuzzy logic controller.
The simulink model for SAPLC with PV system using fuzzy logic controller to mitigate the source current
harmonics in below fig.4.2.
Fig. 4.2: Simulation diagram of PV system using intelligent
controller.
Fig. 4.2: (a) Source current output waveform using PV with
fuzzy controller.
Fig. 4.2: (b) Filter current output waveform using PV with
FLC.
Fig. 4.2: (c) Output waveform reactive power using PV with
FLC.
Fig. 4.2: (d) Output waveform power factor using PV with
FLC.
Mitigation of Source Current Harmonics with Shunt Active Power Line Conditioner in Distribution System
(IJSRD/Vol. 8/Issue 2/2020/013)
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Fig. 4.2: (e) THD calculation for source current.
Using the fuzzy logic controller the harmonics are
reduced 5.11% to 2.82% and power factor will be
maintained nearly unity power factor, compare to pi
controller fuzzy is more robust and speed of operation is
high.
V. CONCLUSION
The mathematical modelling analysed and also the current
harmonics are reduced in distribution system usingD-
STATCOM, and compensating the reactive power
comparing the THD values using PI controller improve the
power factor. Total harmonic distortion is reduced 26.11%
to 2.82% using distributed static synchronous compensator,
and comparing the PI and FUZZY controller the fuzzy controller is better and robust controller copamre to pi
controller. The fuzzy controller is speed of operation is more
and update the each cycle.
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