Mitigating greenhouse gas emissions through mangrove plantation and

charcoal production

Patanan Kridiborworn, Amnat Chidthaisong*, Sirintornthep Towprayoon and Sudarat Tripetchkul1

The Jointed Graduate School of Energy and Environment,

and 1School of Bio-resources and TechnologyKing Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi

*Corresponding email: amnat_c@jgsee.kmutt.ac.th

Outlines

Introduction Research ObjectivesMaterial & Method

Study site Biomass measurement Soil and plant C analysis Charcoal production and characteristics Calculation of CO2 reduction potential

Conclusions

(Mangrove ) forest and climate change

Mangrove and climate change

• Ecosystem services

• December 2004 Asian tsunami and Hurricane Katrina in 2005 gave the world a new appreciation for mangrove forests.

mangroves help stabilize shorelines and thus protect lives and property from such natural disasters

Mangrove and climate change

• Mitigation: Carbon sinks– Soil– Biomass– Renewable energy

• Adaptation: Local livelihood, marine/coastal productivity, Safety

Status of mangrove forest area in Thailand

http://www.fao.org/docrep/007/j1533e/J1533E60.htm

Loss due to land conversion

http://www.northamerica.unep.net/geas/archive/Sep1-15_09.html

Objectives

How mangrove plantation and utilization for charcoal production could help mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and support the adaptability of charcoal production community?

Mangrove treeMangrove tree CharcoalCharcoal

Forest with utilization and managementForest with utilization and management

Energy replacing LPGEnergy replacing LPG

RenewableRenewableReduced CO2 Reduced CO2 emissionemission

Study site

Location site : GIS and GPS mapping Location site : GIS and GPS mapping

Source: GIS Map of Samutsongkram Province, Ministry of Interior, 2008

Study site

•Field surveys •Soil data: % Total C,% Total N, Bulk density•Mangrove plantation & biomass measurements•Charcoal production

9-12 years

9.29±1.730.28±0.060.30±0.058.72±1.7411.39±0.663.41±0.2512

7.73±1.310.16±0.052.47±0.495.09±0.8310.24±0.662.61±0.149

1.42±0.350.34±0.070.41±0.110.67±0.233.08±0.411.41±0.176

0.31±0.050.16±0.020.00±0.000.15±0.031.00±0.141.07±0.133

0.07±0.020.03±0.010.00±0.000.04±0.010.47±0.040.69±0.051

(kg)LeaveBranceStem(m)(cm)

(kg) Total

Dry weight

HeightDBHAge (Year)

Results: Biomass

Results: Biomass estimateBiomass estimate

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 1800

2

4

6

8

10

12

Stem

wei

ght (

kg/tr

ee)

D2H (cm

2-m)

Stem dry weight (kg) = 0.1403(D2H)0.8427, r2 = 0.99, n= 30

http://sofia.usgs.gov/publications/reports/gcc_final/veg.html

Results: Soil carbon

Forest ageBulk density

(g/cm3)Soil carbon content(gC/100 g dry soil)

0 0.65 4.11

1 0.73 3.47

3 0.57 5.93

6 0.55 5.80

9 0.55 5.03

12 0.63 5.73

Results: Soil carbon

0 Year forest

1 Year forest

3 Year forest

6 Year forest

9 Year forest

12 Year forest 0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Car

bon

cont

ent

(ton

C/h

a)

Forest age

Increasing?

Results: Charcoal production

Parameters Values

Averaged number of tree at planting 25,000 seedling/haAveraged number of tree at harvest 8,900 tree/ha

Volume of stem 112.5 m3/ha

Kiln capacity 30 m3

Charcoal production 4,000-4,500 kg/Kiln

Calorific value 5494.41±74.98 Calorie/g

Charcoal production efficiency 22%

CO2 Reduction

Burning

ทดแทนพลั�งงานฟอสซิ�ลั เช่�น ก๊�าซิ

หุ�งต้�ม

ลัดก๊ารปลั�อย CO2จาก๊แหุลั�งฟอสซิ�ลั

Charcoal-C

Biomass-CCharcoal production

CO2 reduction?

CO2 in the atmosphere

Photosynthesis

Replacing fossil fuel

ResultsKiln

OwenerCharcoal

production(kg/year)

Mangrove plantation area

equivalent(Rai)

Energy values(Terrajoules)

Avoided CO2

emission(ton CO2)

Sai 31,500.00 45.41 0.74 46.62

Malai 75,000.00 108.12 1.76 110.88

Cha-on 48,000.00 69.19 1.13 71.19

Rujee 62,500.00 90.10 1.47 92.61

Boonliam 18,000.00 25.95 0.42 26.46

Sawai 75,000.00 108.12 1.76 110.88

Vichian 50,000.00 72.08 1.18 74.34

Anant 67,500.00 97.30 1.59 100.17

Total 427,500.00 616.26 10.05 633.12

Summing up--

Activity Carbon stock(ton/ha/yr)

CO2eq

(ton CO2/ha/yr)

CO2eq for the whole

area*(ton CO2/yr)

Soil carbon at 0-20 cm

1.7 6.2 6847

Biomass C (all but stem)

2 6.9 7598

Charcoal - 6.4 7067

*1014 ha

What we have learned?

• Local management and utilization of mangrove could be environmentally beneficial.

• Mitigation and adaptation interlinks?• Other economic returns/analysis?• More—

– Carbon leakage– Integrating into LCS– Supports & sustainability

Thank you very much for you attention!