1. Mars is near Earth Elliptical orbit like Earth Potential for colony

2. Surface conditionsSimilar geologyAvailability of waterAtmosphere (thin)Natural conditions similar to arctic andAntarctic24.6 hour rotationSimilar axis tiltPolar ice capsMagnetic field 3. Large river valleys Super grand canyon 4. Volcanoes 5. Climate range similar to Earth Sky and clouds, dust storms 6. It takes about 5 to 20 minutes for a signal to travel between Earth and Mars,depending on where the planets are in their orbits. 7. Mission type Mars orbiterOperator ISROCOSPAR ID 2013-060ASATCAT 39370Website www.isro.org/mars/home.aspxMission duration 6 months (planned)Spacecraft propertiesBus I-1KManufacturer ISACLaunch mass 1,337 kg (2,948 lb)Dry mass 500 kg (1,100 lb)Payload mass 15 kg (33 lb)Dimensions 1.5-metre (4 ft 11 in) cubePower 840 wattsStart of missionLaunch date 5 November 2013, 09:08 UTCRocket PSLV-XL C25Launch site Satish Dhawan FLPContractor ISRO 8. Orbital parametersReference system AreocentricPeriareon 421.7 km (262.0 mi)Apoareon 76,993.6 km (47,841.6 mi)Inclination 150.0Period 72 hours 51 minutes 51 seconds[Epoch PlannedMars orbiterOrbital insertion 24 September 2014, 02:00UTCMSD 50027 06:27 AMT 9. 1. Lyman Alpha Photometer(LAP)1.5kg Escape processes ofMars upper atmospherethroughDeuterium/Hydrogen 10. 3.6kg Detect presence of Methane 11. 4.3kg Study the neutral composition of theMartian upper atmosphere 12. 4.MARS ColourCamera (MCC)1.4kg Optical imaging 13. 5.TIR imaging spectrometer(TIS)4.0kg Map surface compositionand mineralogy 14. The Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), also called Mangalyaan is a spacecraftorbiting Mars since 24 September 2014. It was launched on 5 November 2013 bythe Indian Space Research Organisation(ISRO).The mission is a "technology demonstrator" project to develop the technologies fordesign, planning, management, and operations of an interplanetary mission. Itcarries five instruments that will help advance knowledge about Mars to achieve itssecondary, scientific, objective.The Mars Orbiter Mission probe lifted-off from the First Launch Pad at SatishDhawan Space Centre Andhra Pradesh, using a Polar Satellite LaunchVehicle (PSLV) rocket C25 at 09:08 UTC (14:38 IST) on 5 November2013.The launch window was approximately 20 days long and started on 28October 2013.The MOM probe spent about a month in geocentric, low-Earth orbit,where it made a series of seven altitude-raising orbital manoeuvres before trans-Mars injection on 30 November 2013 After a 298-day transit to Mars, it wassuccessfully inserted into Mars orbit on 24 September 2014.It is India's first interplanetary mission and ISRO has become the fourth spaceagency to reach Mars, after the Soviet space program, NASA, and the EuropeanSpace Agency. It is also the first nation to reach Mars orbit on its first attempt, andthe first Asian nation to do so.[The spacecraft is currently being monitored from the Spacecraft Control Centreat ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network (ISTRAC) in Bangalore withsupport from Indian Deep Space Network (IDSN) antennae at Byalalu. 15. HistoryThe MOM mission concept began with a feasibility study in 2010, after the launch oflunar satellite Chandrayaan-1 in 2008. The government of India approved the project on3 August 2012, after the Indian Space Research Organisation completed 125 crore ofrequired studies for the orbiter. The total project cost may be up to454 crore(US$74 million). The satellite costs 153 crore (US$25 million) and the rest of thebudget has been attributed to ground stations and relay upgrades that will be used forother ISRO projects.The space agency had planned the launch on 28 October 2013 but was postponed to 5November 2013 following the delay in ISRO's spacecraft tracking ships to take up pre-determinedpositions due to poor weather in the Pacific Ocean. Launch opportunities fora fuel-saving Hohmann transfer orbit occur every 26 months, in this case, 2016 and2018.The Mars Orbiter's on-orbit mission life is six-to-ten months.Assembly of the PSLV-XL launch vehicle, designated C25, started on 5 August 2013. Themounting of the five scientific instruments was completed at ISRO Satellite Centre-Bangalore, and the finished spacecraft was shipped to Sriharikota on 2 October 2013 forintegration to the PSLV-XL launch vehicle. The satellite's development was fast-trackedand completed in a record 15 months. Despite the US federal government shutdown,NASA reaffirmed on 5 October 2013 it would provide communications and navigationsupport to the mission.The ISRO plans to send a follow-up mission with a greater scientificto Mars in the 20172020 timeframe; it would include an orbiter and a stationary Lander. 16. objectivesThe primary objective of the Mars Orbiter Mission is to showcaseIndia's rocket launch systems, spacecraft-building and operationscapabilities. Specifically, the primary objective is to develop thetechnologies required for design, planning, management andoperations of an interplanetary mission, comprising the followingmajor tasks:Design and realisation of a Mars orbiter with a capability toperform Earth-bound maneuvres, cruise phase of 300 days, Marsorbit insertion / capture, and on-orbit phase around Mars.Deep-space communication, navigation, mission planning andmanagement;incorporate autonomous features to handle contingencysituations.The secondary objective is to explore Mars' surfacefeatures, morphology, mineralogy and Martian atmosphere usingindigenous scientific instruments. 17. spacecraft specificationsMass: The lift-off mass was 1,350 kg (2,980 lb), including 852 kg(1,878 lb) of propellant.Bus: The spacecraft's bus is a modified I-1 K structure and propulsionhardware configuration, similar to Chandrayaan 1, India's lunar orbiterthat operated from 2008 to 2009, with specific improvements andupgrades needed for a Mars mission.The satellite structure is constructedof an aluminium and composite fibre reinforced plastic (CFRP) sandwichconstruction.Power: Electric power is generated by three solar array panels of 1.8 m 1.4 m (5 ft 11 in 4 ft 7 in) each (7.56 m2 (81.4 sq ft) total), for amaximum of 840 watts of power generation in Mars orbit. Electricity isstored in a 36 Ah Li-ion batteryPropulsion: A liquid fuel engine with a thrust of 440 newtons is usedfor orbit raising and insertion into Mars orbit. The orbiter also has eight22-newton thrusters for attitude control. Its propellant mass is 852 kg. 18. On 30 November 2013 at 19:19 UTC, a 23-minute engine firing initiated the transfer ofMOM away from Earth orbit and on heliocentrictrajectory toward Mars. The probe travelled adistance of 780,000,000 kilometres(480,000,000 mi) to reach Mars 19. Mars orbit insertionThe plan was for an insertion into Mars orbit on 24September 2014,[8][78] approximately 2 days after the arrivalof NASA's MAVEN orbiter. The 440N liquid apogee motorwas successfully test fired at 09:00 UTC (14:30 IST) on 22September for 3.968 seconds, about 41 hours before actualorbit insertion.On 24 September 2014, at IST 04:17:32 satellitecommunication changed over to the medium gain antenna.At IST 06:56:32 forward rotation started and locked theposition to fire, at IST 07:14:32 an attitudecontrol manoeuvre took place with the help of thrustersafter eclipse started at IST 07:12:19 and LAM (LiquidApogee Motor) started burning at IST 07:17:32 and ended atIST 07:41:46. After that reverse manoeuvre took place, thespacecraft successfully entered Martian orbit 20. statusThe orbit insertion put MOM in a highly elliptical orbit around Mars,with a period of 72 hours 51 minutes 51 seconds anda periapsis of 421.7 km (262.0 mi) and apoapsis of 76,993.6 km(47,841.6 mi). Commissioning and checkout operations areplanned over the coming weeks to prepare MOM's instruments forscience operations. At the end of the orbit insertion, MOM was leftwith 40 kg of fuel as against the 20 kg that was thought necessaryfor the six-month life span.On September 28, 2014 Mars Orbiter Mission published its firstglobal view of Mars. The image was captured by the Mars ColourCamera (MCC) 21. " " ! , 30 1 , 6.67 ( ) , , - - , !