Ministry of Home Affairs, Housing and Environment Implementation of Malé Declaration on Control and...

Ministry of Home Affairs, Housing and Environment

Implementation of Implementation of MaléMalé Declaration on Control and Declaration on Control and Prevention of Air Pollution and Prevention of Air Pollution and

Its Likely Transboundary EffectsIts Likely Transboundary Effects

MALDIVESMALDIVES

October 2004October 2004Network Meeting, TeheranNetwork Meeting, Teheran

P


The Malé DeclarationThe Malé Declaration

1.Introduction

2.First Phase Experience

3.Second Phase Experience

4.Activities carried out in air pollution monitoring


IntroductionIntroduction


GeographyGeography

• A chain of coral atolls 860 km long, 80 -120 km wide

• 26 geographical atolls

• Atolls are made up of non-contiguous reefs in a ring formations with faros and islands scattered within the atoll - land is not contiguous

• Over 5,000 separate reefs

• 1,192 islands

• 199 inhabited islands, 5 airports


Experience of First PhaseExperience of First Phase

• It was found

– Lack of adequate scientific knowledge of air pollution

– Lack of clear understanding of air pollution

– Air pollution is not clearly incorporated into the mandates of the government


• Lack of baseline data

• Insufficient– technical training– human resource capacity– managerial experience– in-depth awareness on air pollution and

transboundary air pollution

• Lack of institution for air pollution monitoring and regulation

Difficulties encounteredDifficulties encountered


Outcomes of the First Outcomes of the First PhasePhase

• Created awareness on air pollution in the Government

• Development of an air pollution action plan


Air Pollution Action PlanAir Pollution Action Plan

• Monitoring

• Capacity Building

• Prevention

• Management


The Second PhaseThe Second Phase

• Establishment of Transboundary Air Pollution Monitoring Station

• Initiation of monitoring of transboundary air pollution

• Capacity Building on air pollution monitoring and assessment


Monitoring and Capacity Monitoring and Capacity BuildingBuilding

• Air pollution monitoring capacity is being developed at the Department of Meteorology

• Department of Meteorology is currently carrying out the monitoring of the transboundary air pollution through the passive samplers


Existing policy Existing policy measuresmeasures

• Second National Environment Action Plan

• Six National Development Plan

• National Air Pollution Action Plan


Activities Planned for Air Pollution Activities Planned for Air Pollution MonitoringMonitoring

- A new Air Pollution Monitoring Station

- Hanimadhoo Climate Observatory (HCO)


Hanimadhoo Climate Hanimadhoo Climate ObservartoryObservartory

SHORE LINESCRUB

HANIMAADHOOSCRUBREEF LINE

REEF LINE SCRUBSHORE LINESCRUBSCRUBREEF LINE

JETTYAIRPORTSCRUBSHORE LINE

SHORE LINE

SHORE LINESCRUBJETTYSCRUBSCRUBSCRUBSCRUBTIMBERTIMBERTIMBERTIMBER

SCRUBREEF LINETIMBERSCRUBSHORE LINESCRUBTIMBERREEF LINE

APR (SW corner of apron)Threshold Runway 03Threshold Runway 21

Proposed site for HCO1.21.61.71.81.81.81.71.81.71.71.61.71.61.31.31.41.31.4BECON1.6 1.6 1.8 1.6 1.61.4 1.51.4 1.51.5 1.4 1.71.71.6 1.5 1.71.71.41.41.41.51.51.51.41.41.41.41.41.41.41.41.41.4 1.5 1.7 1.81.71.4 1.31.3

SHORE LINESCRUB

HANIMAADHOOSCRUBREEF LINE

REEF LINE SCRUBSHORE LINESCRUBSCRUBREEF LINE

JETTYAIRPORTSCRUBSHORE LINE

SHORE LINE

SHORE LINESCRUBJETTYSCRUBSCRUBSCRUBSCRUBTIMBERTIMBERTIMBERTIMBER

SCRUBREEF LINETIMBERSCRUBSHORE LINESCRUBTIMBERREEF LINE

APR (SW corner of apron)Threshold Runway 03Threshold Runway 21

Proposed site for HCO1.21.61.71.81.81.81.71.81.71.71.61.71.61.31.31.41.31.4BECON1.6 1.6 1.8 1.6 1.61.4 1.51.4 1.51.5 1.4 1.71.71.6 1.5 1.71.71.41.41.41.51.51.51.41.41.41.41.41.41.41.41.41.4 1.5 1.7 1.81.71.4 1.31.3


Hanimadhoo Climate Hanimadhoo Climate ObservartoryObservartory


Hanimadhoo Climate Hanimadhoo Climate ObservatoryObservatory

Aerosol Instrumentation

Radiation Instrumentation Global and Diffuse Radiation (0.2-3.6um) - Kipp & Zonen CM21,CM22 type Pyranometers Direct Radiation (0.2-4.0um) - Kipp & Zonen CH1 Pyrheliometer / Epply NIPs (quartz & calcium florid window) Broadband IR (4.5-42 um) - Kipp & Zonen CG4 Pyrgeometer Solar tracking - Kipp & Zonen 2AP-GD PAR (400-700 nm) - BSI / GUV-2511 (Global & diffuse) Spectral Radiation (325-1075 nm) - ASD FieldSpec Handheld; Grating Spectrometer Aerosol Vertical Profiles - Dr. Spinhirne MPL / Dr. Sugimoto NIES LidarMeteorological Parameters - R.M. Young instruments

Light Absorption – Magee AE-31 Aethalometer, 7-wavelength – C. CorriganLight Scattering – TSI 3563 Nephelometer, 3-wavelength – J. Ogren Total Particle Concentration – TSI 3022A CPC – C. Corrigan Inorganic Composition – Filters, TSP and PM1 – D. SavoieOrganic Composition – Filters, TSP and PM1 – J. Schauer Black Carbon – Filters, Aethalometer – J. Schauer, C. Corrigan Aerosol Optical Depth – CIMEL Sun Photometer – B. Holben Size Distribution (< 500 nm)* – TSI SMPS – C. Corrigan Size Distribution (> 500 nm)* – TSI APS or undetermined OPC – C. Corrigan

Single Particle Composition** – ATOFMS – K. Prather


Thank You

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