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Mogpog river: 18 years afterAldea, Du, Hernandez, Pinera, QuintinES 10 MA case study on the effects of Acid Mine Drainage to the Mogpog River The thoughtpyramidThe thoughtpyramid

Hematite: hinges, handles,mattress springsChromite: chrome platingCopper: wiringQuartz: clockGold: connectionsCassiterite: solderChromite: chrome platingHematite: hinges, handles (steel)Quartz : mirror on doorHematite: handle, frameChromite: platingGold: platingQuartz: mirrorFeldspar: porcelainPyrolusite: coloringChromite: plumbing fixturesCopper: tubingApatite: teethFluorite: toothpasteRutile: to color falseteeth yellowGold: fillingsCinnabar: fillingsSphalerite: dyesChromite: dyesBrassIronNickelChrome: stainless steelLIVING WITH MINERALSUS $ 840 BPhilippine Miningat a Glance

5THLARGEST RESERVE OF

P 88.2 Billion

Erosion & SedimentationCyanide & Other Chemical ReleasesEFFECTS OFMININGHabitat ModificationFugitive Dust EmissionsAcid Mine Drainage FormationSurface & GroundwaterThe thoughtpyramidThe thoughtpyramidMine Drainageoutflow of water from metal mines or coal minesAs early as 1800s!ACID Mine Drainagechemical reaction between water and rocks containing sulfide-bearing mineralsrunoff formed is acidic

May occur naturally.

mining+=target ore

water and air

sulfuric aciddissolved iron

+

dissolves heavy metals into ground or surface wateryellow boy from dissolved ironaction of certain bacteria

AMD is a serious threat to water!disrupted growth and reproduction of aquatic plants and animals can occur indefinitely

high water treatment costs

contaminated watercorroding effects of acid on parts of infrastructure such as bridgesThe thoughtpyramidThe thoughtpyramid

~150km south of Manila95,924 hectares6 towns83%: hills and mountains17%:built-up areas, coastal, swamp and marshy areas. Livelihood: Agriculture229,636 peoplemarinduque& miningmarinduqueSite of a copper mine that operated from 1975 to 1996 Placer Dome(and Marcopper)Imaginebeing forced into a situation where you lived in a houseand a contractor puts a huge swimming pool up on your roof. You then suddenly receive a secret report that says the roof can cave in at any time and the water can drown you and your children who live below!How would you feel if you had no other place to live? If you feel desperate, you have just put yourselves in the shoes ofalmost 100,000 villagers in my home province of Marinduque.-Congressman Edmund Reyes (Marinduque)

MOGPOG RIVERDecember 1993Holds silt run-offDam by Marcopper collapsedWaste residue flooded Mogpog

Site of the worstmining disasterMOGPOG RIVERFlood= contaminated, acidic and metal-enrichedSwept away houses2 children swept away; 70 families displaced

Site of the worstmining disasterMOGPOG RIVERDam was rebuilt but no maintenanceFilled with sediment and siltOn-going liquid discharge to riverMay collapse again!River water contaminatedCl, SO42-Ca2+, Fe2+/3+, Mg, K, NaAs, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn

Site of the worstmining disaster

The thoughtpyramidThe thoughtpyramidEffects of amd on mogpog riverBiodiversity

Water

Land

Livelihood

Effects of amd on mogpog riverBiodiversity

Death of Aquatic AnimalsReduced of invertebrate species

Effects of amd on mogpog riverWater

Polluted Waterlow levels of pHelevated levels of sulfates, iron, cadmium, copper and zinc.Calcium and magnesium are also elevated

Contaminated groundwater

Effects of amd on mogpog riverLand

FarmingKangkong and VegetableRice

Effects of amd on mogpog riverLivelihood

Livelihood had been destroyedstunted plant growth, decreased fish catch/fish kills

Connecting All the aspects...Biodiversity

Water

Land

Livelihood

28Effects of amd on mogpog riverIs it impossible?

Are there solutions?

29The thoughtpyramidThe thoughtpyramidPhilippineLawsNational Policy Agenda on the Revitalization of Mining in the Philippines in 2004

Minerals Management Bill (July 2010)Suggestions?

Let the bodies of water self-clean?Capping of the waste dumps with impermeable barriers?Remediation techniquesStabilizing the dumps?

Anoxic Limestone Drainsditches filled with limestone gravel

Sand BagsThe thoughtpyramidIN A NUTSHELL

http://www.mgb.gov.ph/Files/Info%20Materials/LivingWithMinerals.pdfhttp://ecorestoration.montana.edu/mineland/guide/problem/impacts/default.htmhttp://www.mgb.gov.ph/Files/ItemLinks/ThePhilippineMineralsIndustryAtAGlance.jpghttp://iohsad.org/11/06/mining/mining-philippines-and-effects-occupational-health-and-safety-mine-workers*http://www.marinduque.gov.ph/economicprof.htmlhttp://allan.lissner.net/category/mining-and-water/http://bulatlat.com/news/3-25/3-25-tragedy.htmlhttp://pcij.org/blog/wp-docs/Marcopper_USGS_Report_CEC_Review.pdfhttp://resources.oxfam.org.au/filestore/originals/OAus-WaterQualityMogpogRiver-0904.pdfhttp://tsd.wetpaint.com/page/Protection+of+Water+Resources+and+Waste+Water+Managementhttp://www.sosbluewaters.org/epa-what-is-acid-mine-drainage[1].pdfhttp://www.earthworksaction.org/issues/detail/acid_mine_drainage

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